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Sounds Good Feels Good
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Sounds Good Feels Good
Studio album by 5 Seconds of Summer
Released
23 October 2015 (2015-10-23)
Recorded
2014–15
Genre
Pop punk[1][2]
pop rock[3]
Length
52:57 (standard edition)
64:28 (deluxe edition)
71:47 (Target deluxe edition)
Label
Capitol
Hi or Hey
Producer
John Feldmann
The Monsters and the Strangerz
David Hodges
Mike Green
5 Seconds of Summer chronology
She's Kinda Hot EP
(2015)She's Kinda Hot EP2015 Sounds Good Feels Good
(2015)
5 Seconds of Summer studio album chronology
5 Seconds of Summer
(2014) 5 Seconds of Summer2014 Sounds Good Feels Good
(2015) Sounds Good Feels Good2015
Singles from Sounds Gold Feels Good
"She's Kinda Hot"
Released: 17 July 2015 (2015-07-17)
"Hey Everybody!"
Released: 9 October 2015 (2015-10-09)
"Jet Black Heart"
Released: 17 December 2015 (2015-12-17)
Sounds Good Feels Good is the second studio album by Australian rock band 5 Seconds of Summer. It was released on 23 October 2015 through the labels Hi or Hey and Capitol Records.[4] Recording sessions took place from 2014 to 2015, in the United States. Record production of the album was handled by John Feldmann, The Monsters and the Strangerz, David Hodges and Mike Green. Recording and writing started after the band became popular worldwide with the release of their debut album, 5 Seconds of Summer, and two of its singles in particular, "She Looks So Perfect" and "Amnesia".
Contents
[hide]
1 Background and recording
2 Artwork
3 Promotion
3.1 Tour
3.2 Singles
3.3 Promotional singles
4 Critical reception
4.1 Accolades
5 Commercial performance
6 Track listing
6.1 Formats
7 Personnel
8 Charts and certifications
8.1 Weekly charts
8.2 Year-end charts
8.3 Certifications
9 Release history
10 References
Background and recording[edit]
Following the release of their live album LiveSOS in 2014, 5 Seconds of Summer took a break for the holidays. Aside from the track "Invisible", penned in August 2014 at Ocean Way recording studio in Nashville, Tennessee, the majority of Sounds Good Feels Good was written in 2015 in Los Angeles. The band flew to Los Angeles in early 2015 to start writing and recording what was to become their second album.[5][6] On their headline tour beginning in early May, they began performing a new song titled "Permanent Vacation".[7] On 12 August 2015 they announced the title and cover art for the record, with pre-orders starting on 14 August in each time zone. Each pre-order got an instant download of the new tracks "She's Kinda Hot", "Fly Away",[8] "Jet Black Heart", "Money", and "Hey Everybody". Many songs touch on severe topics like depression, and mental health. The band stated that the album was written as a way for them to work through personal issues, and from there they worked to make it an album for their fans, as well. In an interview with Notion magazine, the boys said:
With the first album we were 16 years old when we wrote it. But now we’ve been on tour for four and a half years, we’ve experienced stuff. We’ve written about a lot of different things on this album because we’re older and we’ve experienced more of life, so we’ve got more to talk about.[9]
Artwork[edit]
The album cover was designed by Richard Andrews, who created the album cover for 5 Seconds of Summer's last two projects – 5 Seconds of Summer and LiveSOS. Annie Zaleski of The A.V. Club described Sounds Good Feels Good's cover as " a clear precedent of the early-’00s pop-punk boom".[10]
Promotion[edit]
Tour[edit]
Main article: Sounds Live Feels Live World Tour
In 2015, 5 Seconds of Summer announced a new tour, which took place in 2016. In order to promote the album, the band embarked on the Sounds Live Feels Live World Tour which visits countries in Asia, Europe, North America and Oceania from February to October 2016.[11] The Sounds Live Feels Live World Tour ranked at #1 on Billboard's 2016 Hot Tours. In total, according to Billboard Boxcore, the tour grossed $39 million from 743,906 sold seats at 102 performances.[12]
Singles[edit]
"She's Kinda Hot" was released as the album's lead single on 17 July 2015, along with its accompanying music video. "She's Kinda Hot" peaked at number 22 on the US Billboard Hot 100 and number 15 on the US Mainstream Top 40 (Billboard).[13][14] The music video for the song was uploaded on YouTube in August 2015. The band followed up the single release with EP releases on 25 August 2015 featuring bonus tracks and physical editions on both CD and vinyl in certain countries.
The album's second single, "Hey Everybody!" was released on 14 September 2015. The single debuted and peaked at number 16 on The US Bubbling Under Hot 100 Singles (Billboard) and number 23 on the US Mainstream Top 40(Billboard).[15][13]
The album's third single, "Jet Black Heart" was first released as a promotional single on 28 August 2015, and later, on 16 November 2015, it was announced by the group that "Jet Black Heart" would be released as the album's third single. It was released as a single on 17 December 2015, along with its accompanying music video. "Jet Black Heart" peaked at number 95 on the US Billboard Hot 100.[14]
Promotional singles[edit]
"Fly Away" was released as the first promotional single. It was available to download when the album was made available to pre-order on 13 August 2015.[16] It debuted at number 100 on the US Billboard Hot 100.
"Money" was released as the third promotional single. It was available to download on 17 September 2015.[17]
Critical reception[edit]
Professional ratings
Aggregate scores
Source
Rating
Metacritic 67/100[18]
Review scores
Source
Rating
AllMusic [19]
Alternative Press [20]
The A.V. Club B–[10]
Billboard [21]
The Guardian [2]
Kerrang! 4/5
NME 4/10[22]
Rock Sound 8/10[3]
Rolling Stone [23]
Spin [24]
The album was generally praised for its maturity compared to the band's debut, but criticized for its lack of cohesiveness and cliche themes. On Metacritic, which assigns a rating out of 100 to reviews from mainstream critics, the album gained an average score of 67 based on 11 reviews, indicating "generally favorable reviews".[18] Awarding the album four stars at Alternative Press, Maria Sherman states, "the band have a real responsibility to the consumer, and Sounds Good Feels Good delivers...It's 5SOS' attempt to find community in their new sound and those who support it, a concept that lives both on the record and well outside of it. It's a strong sentiment: follow them and you might find something to relate to. That's a powerful thing."[20]
The staff from Rock Sound published a review of the album in their October 2015 issue giving the album an eight out of ten rating, where they write, "album number two finds the four man phenomenon firming up their identity and becoming their own band" and closing with the remarks "this is the New Broken Scene, it sounds good and it feels even better".[3] Kerrang! awarded it a 4/5 rating, commenting "Sounds Good Feels Good won't change the world, but it might just change your mind".
Accolades[edit]
Publication
Accolade
Year
Rank
Ref.
Rock Sound Rock Sound's Top 50 Albums of 2015 2015 31 [25]
Commercial performance[edit]
The album debuted at number one in the band's home country of Australia, with 16,150 album sales, outselling The X Factor Australia judge Chris Isaak's First Comes the Night by over 10,000 units.[26] In the United States, the album debuted at number one on the Billboard 200 with 192,000 album-equivalent units (179,000 in pure album sales). 5 Seconds of Summer became the first band (not vocal group) to have their first two full-length albums debut at number one in the US.[27] Sounds Good Feels Good is their first UK number one, outselling its nearest rivals by more than two to one.[28] It also debuted at number one in other countries including Ireland and Norway.
The album has sold one million copies worldwide as of April 2016.[29]
The album has been certified Gold in the United Kingdom, Gold in Indonesia and Platinum in Ireland.
Track listing[edit]
Sounds Good Feels Good – Standard edition
No.
Title
Writer(s)
Producer(s)
Length
1. "Money"
Ashton Irwin
Luke Hemmings
John Feldmann
Benji Madden
Joel Madden
John Feldmann 2:54
2. "She's Kinda Hot"
Ashton Irwin
Michael Clifford
John Feldmann
Benji Madden
Joel Madden
John Feldmann 3:36
3. "Hey Everybody!"
Calum Hood
Stefan Johnson
Jordan Johnson
Marcus Lomax
Clarence Coffee Jr.
Benji Madden
Joel Madden
John Taylor
Simon Le Bon
Andy Taylor
Roger Taylor
Nick Rhodes
The Monsters and the Strangerz
John Feldmann
3:16
4. "Permanent Vacation"
Luke Hemmings
Michael Clifford
Mike Green
Benji Madden
Joel Madden
Mike Green 3:25
5. "Jet Black Heart"
Calum Hood
Michael Clifford
David Hodges
Jon Green
David Hodges 3:41
6. "Catch Fire"
Luke Hemmings
Michael Clifford
Mike Green
Alex Gaskarth
Mike Green 3:27
7. "Waste the Night"
Ashton Irwin
Calum Hood
Luke Hemmings
Michael Clifford
John Feldmann
J Kash
John Feldmann 4:26
8. "Vapor"
Ashton Irwin
Calum Hood
Luke Hemmings
Michael Clifford
John Feldmann
Simon Wilcox
John Feldmann 2:59
9. "Castaway"
Calum Hood
Luke Hemmings
Stefan Johnson
Jordan Johnson
Marcus Lomax
Clarence Coffee Jr.
Sean Maxwell Douglas
The Monsters and the Strangerz
John Feldmann
3:34
10. "Fly Away"
Calum Hood
Luke Hemmings
John Feldmann
John Feldmann 3:32
11. "Invisible"
Ashton Irwin
Calum Hood
Michael Clifford
Luke Hemmings
John Feldmann
Roy Stride
John Feldmann 3:32
12. "Airplanes"
Michael Clifford
John Feldmann
John Feldmann 3:38
13. "San Francisco"
Calum Hood
Michael Clifford
John Feldmann
Bonnie McKee
Sarah Hudson
John Feldmann 4:19
14. "Outer Space/Carry On"
Ashton Irwin
Calum Hood
Luke Hemmings
Michael Clifford
John Feldmann
Simon Wilcox
John Feldmann 6:38
Total length: 52:57
[show]Sounds Good Feels Good – Deluxe edition[30]
No.
Title
Writer(s)
Producer(s)
Length
7. "Safety Pin"
Luke Hemmings
Calum Hood
Michael Clifford
Ashton Irwin
John Feldmann
Emily Warren
John Feldmann 3:29
8. "Waste the Night" 4:26
9. "Vapor" 2:59
10. "Castaway" 3:34
11. "The Girl Who Cried Wolf"
Ashton Irwin
Calum Hood
Luke Hemmings
Michael Clifford
John Feldmann
John Feldmann 4:22
12. "Broken Home"
Calum Hood
Michael Clifford
Luke Hemmings
John Feldmann
Benji Madden
Joel Madden
John Feldmann 3:40
13. "Fly Away" 3:32
14. "Invisible" 3:32
15. "Airplanes" 3:38
16. "San Francisco" 4:19
17. "Outer Space/Carry On" 6:38
Total length: 64:28
[show]Sounds Good Feels Good – Target exclusive bonus tracks[31]
No.
Title
Writer(s)
Length
18. "The Space Between a Rock and a Hard Place"
Calum Hood
Michael Clifford
Michael Joseph Green
Cristi Vaughan
3:23
19. "Story of Another Us"
Luke Hemmings
Josh Ramsay
3:56
Total length: 71:47
[show]Sounds Good Feels Good – Japan bonus tracks[32]
No.
Title
Writer(s)
Length
18. "Lost in Reality"
Michael Clifford
Calum Hood
Deryck Whibley
Mike Green
3:30
19. "Over and Out"
Michael Clifford
Calum Hood
Deryck Whibley
Mike Green
Alex Gaskarth
2:58
Total length: 70:56
[show]Sounds Good Feels Good – Japan re-release bonus tracks[33]
No.
Title
Writer(s)
Length
18. "Lost in Reality"
Michael Clifford
Calum Hood
Deryck Whibley
Mike Green
3:30
19. "Over and Out"
Michael Clifford
Calum Hood
Deryck Whibley
Mike Green
Alex Gaskarth
2:58
20. "Broken Pieces"
Michael Clifford
Calum Hood
Deryck Whibley
Mike Green
3:29
21. "She's Kinda Hot (alternate version)"
Ashton Irwin
Michael Clifford
John Feldmann
3:35
Total length: 78:00
[show]Sounds Good Feels Good — B-Sides and Rarities EP[34]
No.
Title
Length
1. "Safety Pin" 3:29
2. "The Girl Who Cried Wolf" 4:22
3. "Broken Home" 3:40
4. "The Space Between a Rock and a Hard Place" 3:22
5. "Story of Another Us" 3:55
Notes
Credits adapted from liner notes.[35]
"Hey Everybody!" contains elements from Duran Duran's 1982 single "Hungry Like the Wolf".
"San Francisco" contains additional vocals by Bonnie McKee and Sarah Hudson.
Formats[edit]
Several limited edition album bundle formats are available via the band's official store, which each contain a variety of items relating to the album. They are as follows:[36]
Standard CD (14 tracks)
Deluxe CD (17 tracks)
Deluxe CD + "Safety Pin" T-shirt
Deluxe CD + fanified poster
Numbered 12" vinyl (14 tracks)
Numbered 12" vinyl + "Safety Pin" T-shirt
Numbered 12" vinyl + fanified poster
Limited edition merchandise bundle including: Deluxe CD, "Safety Pin" T-shirt, Crown Hoodie, "Safety Pin" Beanie Hat, "New Broken Scene" pack and "Sounds Good Feels Good" wristband
Deluxe Fan Box containing Deluxe CD, "Safety Pin" Beanie Hat, "Sounds Good Feels Good" wristband and sew-on-patch[37]
Personnel[edit]
Credits adapted from AllMusic.[38]
Band
Luke Hemmings – rhythm guitar, lead and backing vocals
Michael Clifford – lead guitar, keys, lead and backing vocals
Calum Hood – bass, lead and backing vocals
Ashton Irwin – drums, keys, lead and backing vocals
Additional musicians
Bonnie McKee – vocals
Sarah Hudson – vocals
Steven Solomon – guitar
London Symphony Orchestra – strings[39]
Technical
John Feldmann – engineer, producer
Zakk Cervini – engineer
Matt Pauling – engineer, guitar arrangements
Michael Green – engineer, producer, programming
David Hodges – programming
Stefan Johnson – engineer
Nico Stadi – instrumentation, programming
Eric Valentine – mastering, mixing
Design and A&R
Richard Andrews – art direction, design
Tom Van Schelven – photography
Dan Evans – illustrations
Jo Charrington – A&R
Nick Raphael – A&R
Charts and certifications[edit]
Weekly charts[edit]
Chart (2015)
Peak
position
Australian Albums (ARIA)[40]
1
Belgian Albums (Ultratop Flanders)[41]
2
Belgian Albums (Ultratop Wallonia)[42]
8
Canadian Albums (Billboard)[43]
1
Danish Albums (Hitlisten)[44]
3
Dutch Albums (MegaCharts)[45]
1
Finnish Albums (Suomen virallinen lista)[46]
2
French Albums (SNEP)[47]
12
German Albums (Offizielle Top 100)[48]
3
Hungarian Albums (MAHASZ)[49]
3
Irish Albums (IRMA)[50]
1
Italian Albums (FIMI)[51]
1
New Zealand Albums (RMNZ)[52]
2
Norwegian Albums (VG-lista)[53]
1
Polish Albums (ZPAV)[54]
10
Portuguese Albums (AFP)[55]
2
Spanish Albums (PROMUSICAE)[56]
2
Swedish Albums (Sverigetopplistan)[57]
3
UK Albums (OCC)[58]
1
US Billboard 200[59]
1
Year-end charts[edit]
Chart (2015)
Position
Australian Albums (ARIA)[60]
46
Dutch Albums Chart[61]
57
Italian Albums (FIMI)[62]
82
Mexican Albums (AMPROFON)[63]
76
UK Albums (OCC)[64]
83
US Billboard 200[65]
136
Certifications[edit]
Region
Certification
Certified units/Sales
Ireland (IRMA)[66]
Platinum 15,000^
Indonesia[67]
Gold 5,000
United Kingdom (BPI)[68]
Gold 100,000^
Worldwide[69]
Platinum 1,000,000
*sales figures based on certification alone
^shipments figures based on certification alone
Release history[edit]
Region
Date
Format
Label
Ref.
Worldwide
23 October 2015
CD
limited vinyl
digital download
Hi or Hey
Capitol
[70][71]
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "5 Seconds Of Summer channel their dark days into new album Sounds Good Feels Good". The Daily Telegraph. 2015-10-14.
^ Jump up to: a b Harriet Gibsone. "5 Seconds of Summer: Sounds Good Feels Good review – full-throttle enthusiasm meets ruthless business". The Guardian.
^ Jump up to: a b c Andy Biddulph. "5 Seconds of Summer - 'Sounds Good Feels Good'". Rock Sound.
Jump up ^ "5 Seconds of Summer to Release New CD "Sounds Good Feels Good" on October 23".
Jump up ^ "5SOS confirm they're set to start their second album". Daily Mail. Mail Online.
Jump up ^ "5 Seconds Of Summer Reveal All About Their Own Record Label And Their Second Album". Capital. 30 March 2015.
Jump up ^ "5SOS' New Song 'Permanent Vacation' Is 'So Amazing It Hurts'". MTV News.
Jump up ^ "5 Seconds of Summer on Twitter". Twitter.
Jump up ^ "5 Seconds of Summer Talk More 'Experienced' Album for 'Notion' Cover Story: See the Pics". Billboard.
^ Jump up to: a b Annie Zaleski. "5 Seconds Of Summer's second album is a positive pop-punk gateway". The A.V. Club.
Jump up ^ Aiken Promotions. "5SOS announce 2016 Sounds Live Feels Live Live Tour".
Jump up ^ "5 Seconds of Summer's World Tour Finishes On Top". billboard.com.
^ Jump up to: a b "5 Seconds of Summer - Chart history - Billboard". www.billboard.com.
^ Jump up to: a b "5 Seconds of Summer - Chart history - Billboard". www.billboard.com.
Jump up ^ "Chart Search - Billboard". www.billboard.com.
Jump up ^ Carl Smith. "5SOS premiere new Sounds Good Feels Good album track 'Fly Away'". Sugarscape.
Jump up ^ "New Music: 5 Seconds of Summer - "Money" [Full Audio]". Directlyrics.
^ Jump up to: a b "Reviews for Sounds Good Feels Good by 5 Seconds of Summer". Metacritic. Retrieved 23 October 2015.
Jump up ^ Matt Collar. "Sounds Good Feels Good". AllMusic.
^ Jump up to: a b Sherman, Maria. "5 Seconds of Summer – Sounds Good Feels Good". Alternative Press. 328 (November 2015): 94–5. ISSN 1065-1667. Retrieved 1 October 2015.
Jump up ^ Carl Wilson. "5 Seconds of Summer Goes From Boy Band to Men With 'Sounds Good, Feels Good': Album Review". Billboard.
Jump up ^ Nick Levine. "5 Seconds Of Summer – 'Sounds Good Feels Good'". NME.
Jump up ^ Jon Dolan (23 October 2015). "5 seconds of summer sounds good feels good". Rolling Stone.
Jump up ^ Andrew Unterberger. "Review: 5 Seconds of Summer Rewrite Pop-Punk Into Boy-Band History on 'Sounds Good Feels Good'". SPIN.
Jump up ^ Bird, ed. 2016, p. 24
Jump up ^ "australian-charts.com - ARIA Chartifacts 2-November-2015". Gavin Ryan (bulion) on Hung Medien. 1 November 2015. Retrieved 1 November 2015.
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Jump up ^ "Five Seconds Of Summer Hit One Million Sales Worldwide With 'Sounds Good, Feels Good' Album". starpulse.com.
Jump up ^ "Sounds Good Feels Good by 5 Seconds of Summer - iTunes". iTunes. Retrieved 13 August 2015.
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Jump up ^ Hung, Steffen. "Dutch Charts - dutchcharts.nl". dutchcharts.nl.
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Bird, Ryan, ed. (January 2016). "Top 50 Releases of the Year". Rock Sound. London: Freeway Press Inc. (208). ISSN 1465-0185.
[show]
v
t
e
5 Seconds of Summer
Michael Clifford
Luke Hemmings
Calum Hood
Ashton Irwin
Studio albums
5 Seconds of Summer
Sounds Good Feels Good
Live albums
LiveSOS
Singles
"Out of My Limit"
"She Looks So Perfect"
"Don't Stop"
"Amnesia"
"Good Girls"
"What I Like About You"
"She's Kinda Hot"
"Hey Everybody!"
"Jet Black Heart"
"Girls Talk Boys"
Other songs
"American Idiot"
Concert tours
Rock Out with Your Socks Out Tour (2015)
Sounds Live Feels Live World Tour (2016)
Related articles
Discography
Awards and nominations
Hi or Hey Records
Preceded by
Jamie Lawson by Jamie Lawson UK number one album
30 October 2015 – 5 November 2015 Succeeded by
If I Can Dream by Elvis Presley
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sounds_Good_Feels_Good&oldid=822200744"
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File Transfer Protocol
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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"FTP" redirects here. For other uses, see FTP (disambiguation).
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The File Transfer Protocol (FTP) is a standard network protocol used for the transfer of computer files between a client and server on a computer network.
FTP is built on a client-server model architecture and uses separate control and data connections between the client and the server.[1] FTP users may authenticate themselves with a clear-text sign-in protocol, normally in the form of a username and password, but can connect anonymously if the server is configured to allow it. For secure transmission that protects the username and password, and encrypts the content, FTP is often secured with SSL/TLS (FTPS) or replaced with SSH File Transfer Protocol (SFTP).
The first FTP client applications were command-line programs developed before operating systems had graphical user interfaces, and are still shipped with most Windows, Unix, and Linux operating systems.[2][3] Many FTP clients and automation utilities have since been developed for desktops, servers, mobile devices, and hardware, and FTP has been incorporated into productivity applications, such as web page editors.
Contents
[hide]
1 History of FTP server
2 Protocol overview
2.1 Communication and data transfer
2.2 Login
2.3 Anonymous FTP
2.4 NAT and firewall traversal
2.5 Differences from HTTP
3 Web browser support
3.1 Syntax
4 Security
4.1 FTP over SSH
5 Derivatives
5.1 FTPS
5.2 SSH File Transfer Protocol
5.3 Trivial File Transfer Protocol
5.4 Simple File Transfer Protocol
6 FTP commands
7 FTP reply codes
8 FTP Servers
9 See also
10 References
11 Further reading
12 External links
History of FTP server[edit]
The original specification for the File Transfer Protocol was written by Abhay Bhushan and published as RFC 114 on 16 April 1971. Until 1980, FTP ran on NCP, the predecessor of TCP/IP.[2] The protocol was later replaced by a TCP/IP version, RFC 765 (June 1980) and RFC 959 (October 1985), the current specification. Several proposed standards amend RFC 959, for example RFC 1579 (February 1994) enables Firewall-Friendly FTP (passive mode), RFC 2228 (June 1997) proposes security extensions, RFC 2428 (September 1998) adds support for IPv6 and defines a new type of passive mode.[4]
Protocol overview[edit]
Communication and data transfer[edit]
Illustration of starting a passive connection using port 21
FTP may run in active or passive mode, which determines how the data connection is established.[5] In both cases, the client creates a TCP control connection from a random, usually an unprivileged, port N to the FTP server command port 21.
In active mode, the client starts listening for incoming data connections from the server on port M. It sends the FTP command PORT M to inform the server on which port it is listening. The server then initiates a data channel to the client from its port 20, the FTP server data port.
In situations where the client is behind a firewall and unable to accept incoming TCP connections, passive mode may be used. In this mode, the client uses the control connection to send a PASV command to the server and then receives a server IP address and server port number from the server,[5][6] which the client then uses to open a data connection from an arbitrary client port to the server IP address and server port number received.[7]
Both modes were updated in September 1998 to support IPv6. Further changes were introduced to the passive mode at that time, updating it to extended passive mode.[8]
The server responds over the control connection with three-digit status codes in ASCII with an optional text message. For example, "200" (or "200 OK") means that the last command was successful. The numbers represent the code for the response and the optional text represents a human-readable explanation or request (e.g. <Need account for storing file>).[1] An ongoing transfer of file data over the data connection can be aborted using an interrupt message sent over the control connection.
While transferring data over the network, four data representations can be used:[2][3][4]
ASCII mode: Used for text. Data is converted, if needed, from the sending host's character representation to "8-bit ASCII" before transmission, and (again, if necessary) to the receiving host's character representation. As a consequence, this mode is inappropriate for files that contain data other than plain text.
Image mode (commonly called Binary mode): The sending machine sends each file byte by byte, and the recipient stores the bytestream as it receives it. (Image mode support has been recommended for all implementations of FTP).
EBCDIC mode: Used for plain text between hosts using the EBCDIC character set.
Local mode: Allows two computers with identical setups to send data in a proprietary format without the need to convert it to ASCII.
For text files, different format control and record structure options are provided. These features were designed to facilitate files containing Telnet or ASA.
Data transfer can be done in any of three modes:[1][2]
Stream mode: Data is sent as a continuous stream, relieving FTP from doing any processing. Rather, all processing is left up to TCP. No End-of-file indicator is needed, unless the data is divided into records.
Block mode: FTP breaks the data into several blocks (block header, byte count, and data field) and then passes it on to TCP.[4]
Compressed mode: Data is compressed using a simple algorithm (usually run-length encoding).
Some FTP software also implements a DEFLATE-based compressed mode, sometimes called "Mode Z" after the command that enables it. This mode was described in an Internet Draft, but not standardized.[9]
Login[edit]
FTP login uses normal username and password scheme for granting access.[2] The username is sent to the server using the USER command, and the password is sent using the PASS command.[2] This sequence is unencrypted "on the wire", so may be vulnerable to a network sniffing attack.[10] If the information provided by the client is accepted by the server, the server will send a greeting to the client and the session will commence.[2] If the server supports it, users may log in without providing login credentials, but the same server may authorize only limited access for such sessions.[2]
Anonymous FTP[edit]
A host that provides an FTP service may provide anonymous FTP access.[2] Users typically log into the service with an 'anonymous' (lower-case and case-sensitive in some FTP servers) account when prompted for user name. Although users are commonly asked to send their email address instead of a password,[3] no verification is actually performed on the supplied data.[11] Many FTP hosts whose purpose is to provide software updates will allow anonymous logins.[3]
NAT and firewall traversal[edit]
FTP normally transfers data by having the server connect back to the client, after the PORT command is sent by the client. This is problematic for both NATs and firewalls, which do not allow connections from the Internet towards internal hosts.[12] For NATs, an additional complication is that the representation of the IP addresses and port number in the PORT command refer to the internal host's IP address and port, rather than the public IP address and port of the NAT.
There are two approaches to solve this problem. One is that the FTP client and FTP server use the PASV command, which causes the data connection to be established from the FTP client to the server.[12] This is widely used by modern FTP clients. Another approach is for the NAT to alter the values of the PORT command, using an application-level gateway for this purpose.[12]
Differences from HTTP[edit]
HTTP essentially fixes the bugs in FTP that made it inconvenient to use for many small ephemeral transfers as are typical in web pages.
FTP has a stateful control connection which maintains a current working directory and other flags, and each transfer requires a secondary connection through which the data are transferred. In "passive" mode this secondary connection is from client to server, whereas in the default "active" mode this connection is from server to client. This apparent role reversal when in active mode, and random port numbers for all transfers, is why firewalls and NAT gateways have such a hard time with FTP. HTTP is stateless and multiplexes control and data over a single connection from client to server on well-known port numbers, which trivially passes through NAT gateways and is simple for firewalls to manage.
Setting up an FTP control connection is quite slow due to the round-trip delays of sending all of the required commands and awaiting responses, so it is customary to bring up a control connection and hold it open for multiple file transfers rather than drop and re-establish the session afresh each time. In contrast, HTTP originally dropped the connection after each transfer because doing so was so cheap. While HTTP has subsequently gained the ability to reuse the TCP connection for multiple transfers, the conceptual model is still of independent requests rather than a session.
When FTP is transferring over the data connection, the control connection is idle. If the transfer takes too long, the firewall or NAT may decide that the control connection is dead and stop tracking it, effectively breaking the connection and confusing the download. The single HTTP connection is only idle between requests and it is normal and expected for such connections to be dropped after a time-out.
Web browser support[edit]
Most common web browsers can retrieve files hosted on FTP servers, although they may not support protocol extensions such as FTPS.[3][13] When an FTP—rather than an HTTP—URL is supplied, the accessible contents on the remote server are presented in a manner that is similar to that used for other web content. A full-featured FTP client can be run within Firefox in the form of an extension called FireFTP.
Syntax[edit]
FTP URL syntax is described in RFC 1738, taking the form: ftp://[user[:password]@]host[:port]/url-path (the bracketed parts are optional).
For example, the URL ftp://public.ftp-servers.example.com/mydirectory/myfile.txt represents the file myfile.txt from the directory mydirectory on the server public.ftp-servers.example.com as an FTP resource. The URL ftp://user001:secretpassword@private.ftp-servers.example.com/mydirectory/myfile.txt adds a specification of the username and password that must be used to access this resource.
More details on specifying a username and password may be found in the browsers' documentation (e.g., Firefox[14] and Internet Explorer[15]). By default, most web browsers use passive (PASV) mode, which more easily traverses end-user firewalls.
Some variation has existed in how different browsers treat path resolution in cases where there is a non-root home directory for a user.[16]
Security[edit]
FTP was not designed to be a secure protocol, and has many security weaknesses.[17] In May 1999, the authors of RFC 2577 listed a vulnerability to the following problems:
Brute force attack
FTP bounce attack
Packet capture
Port stealing (guessing the next open port and usurping a legitimate connection)
Spoofing attack
Username enumeration
FTP does not encrypt its traffic; all transmissions are in clear text, and usernames, passwords, commands and data can be read by anyone able to perform packet capture (sniffing) on the network.[2][17] This problem is common to many of the Internet Protocol specifications (such as SMTP, Telnet, POP and IMAP) that were designed prior to the creation of encryption mechanisms such as TLS or SSL.[4]
Common solutions to this problem include:
Using the secure versions of the insecure protocols, e.g., FTPS instead of FTP and TelnetS instead of Telnet.
Using a different, more secure protocol that can handle the job, e.g. SSH File Transfer Protocol or Secure Copy Protocol.
Using a secure tunnel such as Secure Shell (SSH) or virtual private network (VPN).
FTP over SSH[edit]
FTP over SSH is the practice of tunneling a normal FTP session over a Secure Shell connection.[17] Because FTP uses multiple TCP connections (unusual for a TCP/IP protocol that is still in use), it is particularly difficult to tunnel over SSH. With many SSH clients, attempting to set up a tunnel for the control channel (the initial client-to-server connection on port 21) will protect only that channel; when data is transferred, the FTP software at either end sets up new TCP connections (data channels) and thus have no confidentiality or integrity protection.
Otherwise, it is necessary for the SSH client software to have specific knowledge of the FTP protocol, to monitor and rewrite FTP control channel messages and autonomously open new packet forwardings for FTP data channels. Software packages that support this mode include:
Tectia ConnectSecure (Win/Linux/Unix)[18] of SSH Communications Security's software suite
Derivatives[edit]
FTPS[edit]
Main article: FTPS
Explicit FTPS is an extension to the FTP standard that allows clients to request FTP sessions to be encrypted. This is done by sending the "AUTH TLS" command. The server has the option of allowing or denying connections that do not request TLS. This protocol extension is defined in RFC 4217. Implicit FTPS is an outdated standard for FTP that required the use of a SSL or TLS connection. It was specified to use different ports than plain FTP.
SSH File Transfer Protocol[edit]
Main article: SSH File Transfer Protocol
The SSH file transfer protocol (chronologically the second of the two protocols abbreviated SFTP) transfers files and has a similar command set for users, but uses the Secure Shell protocol (SSH) to transfer files. Unlike FTP, it encrypts both commands and data, preventing passwords and sensitive information from being transmitted openly over the network. It cannot interoperate with FTP software.
Trivial File Transfer Protocol[edit]
Main article: Trivial File Transfer Protocol
Trivial File Transfer Protocol (TFTP) is a simple, lock-step FTP that allows a client to get a file from or put a file onto a remote host. One of its primary uses is in the early stages of booting from a local area network, because TFTP is very simple to implement. TFTP lacks security and most of the advanced features offered by more robust file transfer protocols such as File Transfer Protocol. TFTP was first standardized in 1981 and the current specification for the protocol can be found in RFC 1350.
Simple File Transfer Protocol[edit]
Simple File Transfer Protocol (the first protocol abbreviated SFTP), as defined by RFC 913, was proposed as an (unsecured) file transfer protocol with a level of complexity intermediate between TFTP and FTP. It was never widely accepted on the Internet, and is now assigned Historic status by the IETF. It runs through port 115, and often receives the initialism of SFTP. It has a command set of 11 commands and support three types of data transmission: ASCII, binary and continuous. For systems with a word size that is a multiple of 8 bits, the implementation of binary and continuous is the same. The protocol also supports login with user ID and password, hierarchical folders and file management (including rename, delete, upload, download, download with overwrite, and download with append).
FTP commands[edit]
Main article: List of FTP commands
FTP reply codes[edit]
Main article: List of FTP server return codes
Below is a summary of FTP reply codes that may be returned by an FTP server. These codes have been standardized in RFC 959 by the IETF. The reply code is a three-digit value. The first digit is used to indicate one of three possible outcomes — success, failure, or to indicate an error or incomplete reply:
2yz – Success reply
4yz or 5yz – Failure reply
1yz or 3yz – Error or Incomplete reply
The second digit defines the kind of error:
x0z – Syntax. These replies refer to syntax errors.
x1z – Information. Replies to requests for information.
x2z – Connections. Replies referring to the control and data connections.
x3z – Authentication and accounting. Replies for the login process and accounting procedures.
x4z – Not defined.
x5z – File system. These replies relay status codes from the server file system.
The third digit of the reply code is used to provide additional detail for each of the categories defined by the second digit.
FTP Servers[edit]
Some popular open source FTP server implementations are:
FileZilla Server (Windows)
Pure-FTPd (Unix)
VsFTPd (Unix)
ProFTPd (Unix)
CrushFTP (Mac, Win, Linux)
Rumpus (Mac)
WingFTP (Mac, Win)
See also[edit]
Comparison of FTP client software
Comparison of FTP server software
Comparison of file transfer protocols
Curl-loader – FTP/S loading/testing open-source software
File eXchange Protocol (FXP)
File Service Protocol (FSP)
FTAM
FTPFS
List of FTP commands
List of FTP server return codes
List of FTP server software
Managed File Transfer
OBEX
Shared file access
TCP Wrapper
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b c Forouzan, B.A. (2000). TCP/IP: Protocol Suite (1st ed.). New Delhi, India: Tata McGraw-Hill Publishing Company Limited.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j Kozierok, Charles M. (2005). "The TCP/IP Guide v3.0". Tcpipguide.com.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e Dean, Tamara (2010). Network+ Guide to Networks. Delmar. pp. 168–171.
^ Jump up to: a b c d Clark, M.P. (2003). Data Networks IP and the Internet (1st ed.). West Sussex, England: John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
^ Jump up to: a b "Active FTP vs. Passive FTP, a Definitive Explanation". Slacksite.com. Archived from the original on 4 May 2011.
Jump up ^ Parker, Don (September 2005). "Understanding the FTP Protocol". Windowsnetworking.com.
Jump up ^ RFC 959 (Standard) File Transfer Protocol (FTP). Postel, J. & Reynolds, J. (October 1985).
Jump up ^ RFC 2428 (Proposed Standard) Extensions for IPv6, NAT, and Extended Passive Mode. Allman, M. & Metz, C. & Ostermann, S. (September 1998).
Jump up ^ Preston, J. (January 2005). Deflate transmission mode for FTP. IETF. I-D draft-preston-ftpext-deflate-03.txt. https://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-preston-ftpext-deflate-03.txt. Retrieved 27 January 2016.
Jump up ^ Prince, Brian. "Should Organizations Retire FTP for Security?". Security Week. Security Week. Retrieved 14 September 2017.
Jump up ^ RFC 1635 (Informational) How to Use Anonymous FTP. P. & Emtage, A. & Marine, A. (May 1994).
^ Jump up to: a b c Gleason, Mike (2005). "The File Transfer Protocol and Your Firewall/NAT". Ncftp.com.
Jump up ^ Matthews, J. (2005). Computer Networking: Internet Protocols in Action (1st ed.). Danvers, MA: John Wiley & Sons Inc.
Jump up ^ "Accessing FTP servers | How to | Firefox Help". Support.mozilla.com. 2012-09-05. Retrieved 2013-01-16.
Jump up ^ "How to Enter FTP Site Password in Internet Explorer". Support.microsoft.com. 2011-09-23. Retrieved 2015-03-28. Written for IE versions 6 and earlier. Might work with newer versions.
Jump up ^ Jukka “Yucca” Korpela (1997-09-18). "FTP URLs". "IT and communication" (www.cs.tut.fi/~jkorpela/). Retrieved 2016-01-06.
^ Jump up to: a b c "Securing FTP using SSH". Nurdletech.com.
Jump up ^ "Access using SSH keys & PCI DSS compliance". ssh.com.
Further reading[edit]
RFC 697 – CWD Command of FTP. July 1975.
RFC 959 – (Standard) File Transfer Protocol (FTP). J. Postel, J. Reynolds. October 1985.
RFC 1579 – (Informational) Firewall-Friendly FTP. February 1994.
RFC 1635 – (Informational) How to Use Anonymous FTP. May 1994.
RFC 1639 – FTP Operation Over Big Address Records (FOOBAR). June 1994.
RFC 1738 – Uniform Resource Locators (URL). December 1994.
RFC 2228 – (Proposed Standard) FTP Security Extensions. October 1997.
RFC 2389 – (Proposed Standard) Feature negotiation mechanism for the File Transfer Protocol. August 1998.
RFC 2428 – (Proposed Standard) Extensions for IPv6, NAT, and Extended passive mode. September 1998.
RFC 2577 – (Informational) FTP Security Considerations. May 1999.
RFC 2640 – (Proposed Standard) Internationalization of the File Transfer Protocol. July 1999.
RFC 3659 – (Proposed Standard) Extensions to FTP. P. Hethmon. March 2007.
RFC 5797 – (Proposed Standard) FTP Command and Extension Registry. March 2010.
RFC 7151 – (Proposed Standard) File Transfer Protocol HOST Command for Virtual Hosts. March 2014.
IANA FTP Commands and Extensions registry – The official registry of FTP Commands and Extensions
External links[edit]
Communication Networks/File Transfer Protocol at Wikibooks
FTP Server Online Tester Authentication, encryption, mode and connectivity.
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text:
Diving at the 1988 Summer Olympics – Men's 10 metre platform
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Men's 10 metre platform
at the Games of the XXIV Olympiad
Medalists
01 !
Greg Louganis United States
02 !
Xiong Ni China
03 !
Jesús Mena Mexico
← 1984
1992 →
Diving at the
1988 Summer Olympics
3 m springboard
men women
10 m platform
men women
v
t
e
The men's 10 metre platform, also reported as platform diving, was one of four diving events on the Diving at the 1988 Summer Olympics programme.
The competition was split into two phases:
Preliminary round (26 September)
Divers performed ten dives. The twelve divers with the highest scores advanced to the final.
Final (27 September)
Divers performed another set of ten dives and the score here obtained determined the final ranking.
Days after suffering a concussion during a missed dive in winning the 3 metre springboard event, defending champion Greg Louganis won the fourth gold medal of his Olympic career, scoring a near-perfect 86.70 points on his final dive to win by a narrow margin of 1.14 points.[1]
Results[edit]
Rank
Diver
Preliminary
Final
Points
Rank
Points
01 ! Greg Louganis (USA) 617.67 1 638.61
02 ! Xiong Ni (CHN) 601.50 2 637.47
03 ! Jesús Mena (MEX) 523.50 9 594.39
4 Georgy Chogovadze (URS) 540.90 7 585.96
5 Jan Hempel (GDR) 558.03 5 583.77
6 Li Kongzheng (CHN) 578.31 3 543.81
7 Steffen Haage (GDR) 529.68 8 541.02
8 Vladimir Timoshinin (URS) 570.75 4 534.66
9 Jorge Mondragón (MEX) 518.52 11 511.89
10 Isao Yamagishi (JPN) 517.80 12 500.70
11 David Bédard (CAN) 524.10 10 499.53
12 Patrick Jeffrey (USA) 553.89 6 483.54
13 Albin Killat (FRG) 517.23 13 Did not advance
14 Keita Kaneto (JPN) 497.04 14 Did not advance
15 Robert Morgan (GBR) 489.27 15 Did not advance
16 Domenico Rinaldi (ITA) 476.01 16 Did not advance
17 Oscar Bertone (ITA) 471.24 17 Did not advance
18 Craig Rogerson (AUS) 469.47 18 Did not advance
19 Graeme Banks (AUS) 462.87 19 Did not advance
20 Jeffrey Hirst (CAN) 453.99 20 Did not advance
21 Jeffrey Arbon (GBR) 450.18 21 Did not advance
22 Willi Meyer (FRG) 449.07 22 Did not advance
23 Frédéric Pierre (FRA) 437.01 23 Did not advance
24 Tom Lemaire (BEL) 433.68 24 Did not advance
25 Emilio Ratia (ESP) 425.73 25 Did not advance
26 Lee Sun-gee (KOR) 420.45 26 Did not advance
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Simon Burnton (March 28, 2012). "50 stunning Olympic moments No20: Greg Louganis's perfect dive 1988". The Guardian.
Official Report of the Games of the XXIVth Olympiad Seoul, 1988 - Volume 2: Competition Summary and Results (pdf) (in English and French). Seoul: Seoul Olympic Organizing Committee. 1989. pp. pp. 578–81. OCLC 23924033. Retrieved 2007-01-11.
[hide]
v
t
e
Olympic diving champions in men's 10-metre platform
1904: George Sheldon (USA)
1908: Hjalmar Johansson (SWE)
1912: Erik Adlerz (SWE)
1920: Clarence Pinkston (USA)
1924: Albert White (USA)
1928: Pete Desjardins (USA)
1932: Harold Smith (USA)
1936: Marshall Wayne (USA)
1948: Sammy Lee (USA)
1952: Sammy Lee (USA)
1956: Joaquín Capilla (MEX)
1960: Bob Webster (USA)
1964: Bob Webster (USA)
1968: Klaus Dibiasi (ITA)
1972: Klaus Dibiasi (ITA)
1976: Klaus Dibiasi (ITA)
1980: Falk Hoffmann (GDR)
1984: Greg Louganis (USA)
1988: Greg Louganis (USA)
1992: Sun Shuwei (CHN)
1996: Dmitri Sautin (RUS)
2000: Tian Liang (CHN)
2004: Hu Jia (CHN)
2008: Matthew Mitcham (AUS)
2012: David Boudia (USA)
2016: Chen Aisen (CHN)
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Diving_at_the_1988_Summer_Olympics_–_Men%27s_10_metre_platform&oldid=755276476"
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Diving at the Olympics - Men's platform
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