text:
Dance
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
For other uses, see Dance (disambiguation).
See also: List of basic dance topics
"Dancer" and "Dancing" redirect here. For other uses, see Dancer (disambiguation) and Dancing (disambiguation).
Dance
Modern dance
Originating culture
Various
Originating era
Prehistory-Antiquity
Members of a dance routine.
Dance is a performing art form consisting of purposefully selected sequences of human movement. This movement has aesthetic and symbolic value, and is acknowledged as dance by performers and observers within a particular culture.[nb 1] Dance can be categorized and described by its choreography, by its repertoire of movements, or by its historical period or place of origin.
An important distinction is to be drawn between the contexts of theatrical and participatory dance,[4] although these two categories are not always completely separate; both may have special functions, whether social, ceremonial, competitive, erotic, martial, or sacred/liturgical. Other forms of human movement are sometimes said to have a dance-like quality, including martial arts, gymnastics, cheerleading, figure skating, synchronized swimming, marching bands, and many other forms of athletics.
Contents
[hide]
1 Performance and participation
2 Origins
3 Dance and music
4 Dance and rhythm
5 Approaches to dance
5.1 Concert dance
5.2 Participatory and social dance
6 Cultural traditions
6.1 Africa
6.2 Asia
6.3 Europe and North America
6.4 Latin America
6.5 United States
7 Dance education
8 Occupations
9 Competitions
10 Gallery
11 See also
12 Notes
13 References
14 Further reading
15 External links
Performance and participation
Members of an American jazz dance company perform a formal group routine in a concert dance setting
Theatrical dance, also called performance or concert dance, is intended primarily as a spectacle, usually a performance upon a stage by virtuoso dancers. It often tells a story, perhaps using mime, costume and scenery, or else it may simply interpret the musical accompaniment, which is often specially composed. Examples are western ballet and modern dance, Classical Indian dance and Chinese and Japanese song and dance dramas. Most classical forms are centred upon dance alone, but performance dance may also appear in opera and other forms of musical theatre.
Participatory dance, on the other hand, whether it be a folk dance, a social dance, a group dance such as a line, circle, chain or square dance, or a partner dance such as is common in western Western ballroom dancing, is undertaken primarily for a common purpose, such as social interaction or exercise, of participants rather than onlookers. Such dance seldom has any narrative. A group dance and a corps de ballet, a social partner dance and a pas de deux, differ profoundly. Even a solo dance may be undertaken solely for the satisfaction of the dancer. Participatory dancers often all employ the same movements and steps but, for example, in the rave culture of electronic dance music, vast crowds may engage in free dance, uncoordinated with those around them. On the other hand, some cultures lay down strict rules as to the particular dances in which, for example, men, women and children may or must participate.
Origins
Mesolithic dancers at Bhimbetka
Archeological evidence for early dance includes 9,000-year-old paintings in India at the Rock Shelters of Bhimbetka, and Egyptian tomb paintings depicting dancing figures, dated c. 3300 BC. It has been proposed that before the invention of written languages, dance was an important part of the oral and performance methods of passing stories down from generation to generation.[5] The use of dance in ecstatic trance states and healing rituals (as observed today in many contemporary "primitive" cultures, from the Brazilian rainforest to the Kalahari Desert) is thought to have been another early factor in the social development of dance.[6]
Greek bronze statuette of a veiled and masked dancer, 3rd-2nd century BC, Alexandria, Egypt.
References to dance can be found in very early recorded history; Greek dance (horos) is referred to by Plato, Aristotle, Plutarch and Lucian.[7] The Bible and Talmud refer to many events related to dance, and contain over 30 different dance terms.[8] In Chinese pottery as early as the Neolithic period, groups of people are depicted dancing in a line holding hands,[9] and the earliest Chinese word for "dance" is found written in the oracle bones.[10] Dance is further described in the Lüshi Chunqiu.[11][12] Primitive dance in ancient China was associated with sorcery and shamanic rituals.
During the first millennium BCE in India, many texts were composed which attempted to codify aspects of daily life. Bharata Muni's Natyashastra (literally "the text of dramaturgy") is one of the earlier texts. It mainly deals with drama, in which dance plays an important part in Indian culture. It categorizes dance into four types - secular, ritual, abstract, and, interpretive - and into four regional varieties. The text elaborates various hand-gestures (mudras) and classifies movements of the various limbs, steps and so on. A strong continuous tradition of dance has since continued in India, through to modern times, where it continues to play a role in culture, ritual, and, notably, the Bollywood entertainment industry. Many other contemporary dance forms can likewise be traced back to historical, traditional, ceremonial, and ethnic dance.
Dance and music
Main article: Dance music
Dance is generally, though not exclusively, performed with the accompaniment of music and may or may not be performed in time to such music. Some dance (such as tap dance) may provide its own audible accompaniment in place of (or in addition to) music. Many early forms of music and dance were created for each other and are frequently performed together. Notable examples of traditional dance/music couplings include the jig, waltz, tango, disco, and salsa. Some musical genres have a parallel dance form such as baroque music and baroque dance; other varieties of dance and music may share nomenclature but developed separately, such as classical music and classical ballet.
Dance and rhythm
Rhythm and dance are deeply linked in history and practice. The American dancer Ted Shawn wrote; "The conception of rhythm which underlies all studies of the dance is something about which we could talk forever, and still not finish."[13] A musical rhythm requires two main elements; first, a regularly-repeating pulse (also called the "beat" or "tactus") that establishes the tempo and, second, a pattern of accents and rests that establishes the character of the metre or basic rhythmic pattern. The basic pulse is roughly equal in duration to a simple step or gesture.
A basic tango rhythm
Dances generally have a characteristic tempo and rhythmic pattern. The tango, for example, is usually danced in 2
4 time at approximately 66 beats per minute. The basic slow step, called a "slow", lasts for one beat, so that a full "right–left" step is equal to one 2
4 measure. The basic forward and backward walk of the dance is so counted - "slow-slow" - while many additional figures are counted "slow - quick-quick.[14]
Just as musical rhythms are defined by a pattern of strong and weak beats, so repetitive body movements often depends on alternating "strong" and "weak" muscular movements.[15] Given this alternation of left-right, of forward-backward and rise-fall, along with the bilateral symmetry of the human body, it is natural that many dances and much music are in duple and quadruple meter. However, since some such movements require more time in one phase than the other - such as the longer time required to lift a hammer than to strike - some dance rhythms fall equally naturally into triple metre.[16] Occasionally, as in the folk dances of the Balkans, dance traditions depend heavily on more complex rhythms. Further, complex dances composed of a fixed sequence of steps always require phrases and melodies of a certain fixed length to accompany that sequence.
Lululaund - The Dancing Girl (painting and silk cloth. A.L. Baldry 1901, before p.107), The inscription reads; "Dancing is a form of rhythm/ Rhythm is a form of music/ Music is a form of thought/ And thought is a form of divinity."
The very act of dancing, the steps themselves, generate an "initial skeleton of rhythmic beats" that must have preceded any separate musical accompaniment, while dance itself, as much as music, requires time-keeping[17] just as utilitarian repetitive movements such as walking, hauling and digging take on, as they become refined, something of the quality of dance.[15]
Musical accompaniment therefore arose in the earliest dance, so that ancient Egyptians attributed the origin of the dance to the divine Athotus, who was said to have observed that music accompanying religious rituals caused participants to move rhythmically and to have brought these movements into proportional measure. The same idea, that dance arises from musical rhythm, is still found in renaissance Europe in the works of the dancing master Guglielmo Ebreo da Pesaro who speaks of dance as a physical movement that arises from and expresses inward, spiritual motion agreeing with the "measures and perfect concords of harmony" that fall upon the human ear,[15] while, earlier, Mechthild of Magdeburg, seizing upon dance as a symbol of the holy life foreshadowed in Jesus' saying "I have piped and ye have not danced",[18] writes;
I can not dance unless thou leadest. If thou wouldst have me spring aloft, sing thou and I will spring, into love and from love to knowledge and from knowledge to ecstasy above all human sense[19]
Thoinot Arbeau's celebrated 16th century dance-treatise Orchésographie, indeed, begins with definitions of over eighty distinct drum-rhythms.[20]
Helen Moller
As has been shown above, dance has been represented through the ages as having emerged as a response to music yet, as Lincoln Kirstein implied, it is at least as likely that primitive music arose from dance. Shawn concurs, stating that dance "was the first art of the human race, and the matrix out of which all other arts grew" and that even the "metre in our poetry today is a result of the accents necessitated by body movement, as the dancing and reciting were performed simultaneously"[13] - an assertion somewhat supported by the common use of the term "foot" to describe the fundamental rhythmic units of poetry.
Scholes, not a dancer but a musician, offers support for this view, stating that the steady measures of music, of two, three or four beats to the bar, its equal and balanced phrases, regular cadences, contrasts and repetitions, may all be attributed to the "incalculable" influence of dance upon music.[21]
Émile Jaques-Dalcroze, primarily a musician and teacher, relates how a study of the physical movements of pianists led him "to the discovery that musical sensations of a rhythmic nature call for the muscular and nervous response of the whole organism", to develop "a special training designed to regulate nervous reactions and effect a co-ordination of muscles and nerves" and ultimately to seek the connections between "the art of music and the art of dance", which he formulated into his system of eurhythmics.[22] He concluded that "musical rhythm is only the transposition into sound of movements and dynamisms spontaneously and involuntarily expressing emotion".[23]
Hence, though doubtless, as Shawn asserts, "it is quite possible to develop the dance without music and... music is perfectly capable of standing on its own feet without any assistance from the dance", nevertheless the "two arts will always be related and the relationship can be profitable both to the dance and to music",[24] the precedence of one art over the other being a moot point. The common ballad measures of hymns and folk-songs takes their name from dance, as does the carol, originally a circle dance. Many purely musical pieces have been named "waltz" or "minuet", for example, while many concert dances have been produced that are based upon abstract musical pieces, such as 2 and 3 Part Inventions, Adams Violin Concerto and Andantino. Similarly, poems are often structured and named after dances or musical works, while dance and music have both drawn their conception of "measure" or "metre" from poetry.
Shawn quotes with approval the statement of Dalcroze that, while the art of musical rhythm consists in differentiating and combining time durations, pauses and accents "according to physiological law", that of "plastic rhythm" (i.e. dance) "is to designate movement in space, to interpret long time-values by slow movements and short ones by quick movements, regulate pauses by their divers successions and express sound accentuations in their multiple nuances by additions of bodily weight, by means of muscular innervations".
Shawn nevertheless points out that the system of musical time is a "man-made, artificial thing.... a manufactured tool, whereas rhythm is something that has always existed and depends on man not at all", being "the continuous flowing time which our human minds cut up into convenient units", suggesting that music might be revivified by a return to the values and the time-perception of dancing.[25]
The early-20th-century American dancer Helen Moller stated simply that "it is rhythm and form more than harmony and color which, from the beginning, has bound music, poetry and dancing together in a union that is indissoluble."[26]
Approaches to dance
Concert dance
Concert dance, like opera, generally depends for its large-scale form upon a narrative dramatic structure. The movements and gestures of the choreography are primarily intended to mime the personality and aims of the characters and their part in the plot.[27] Such theatrical requirements tend towards longer, freer movements than those usual in non-narrative dance styles. On the other hand, the ballet blanc, developed in the 19th century, allows interludes of rhythmic dance that developed into entirely "plotless" ballets in the 20th century[28] and that allowed fast, rhythmic dance-steps such as those of the petit allegro. A well-known example is The Cygnets' Dance in act two of Swan Lake.
The ballet developed out of courtly dramatic productions of 16th- and 17th-century France and Italy and for some time dancers performed dances developed from those familiar from the musical suite,[29] all of which were defined by definite rhythms closely identified with each dance. These appeared as character dances in the era of romantic nationalism.
Ballet reached widespread vogue in the romantic era, accompanied by a larger orchestra and grander musical conceptions that did not lend themselves easily to rhythmic clarity and by dance that emphasised dramatic mime. A broader concept of rhythm was needed, that which Rudolf Laban terms the "rhythm and shape" of movement that communicates character, emotion and intention,[30] while only certain scenes required the exact synchronisation of step and music essential to other dance styles, so that, to Laban, modern Europeans seemed totally unable to grasp the meaning of "primitive rhythmic movements",[31] a situation that began to change in the 20th century with such productions as Igor Stravinsky's The Rite of Spring with its new rhythmic language evoking primal feelings of a primitive past.[32]
Indian classical dance styles, like ballet, are often in dramatic form, so that there is a similar complementarity between narrative expression and "pure" dance. In this case, however, the two are separately defined, though not always separately performed. The rhythmic elements, which are abstract and technical, are known as nritta. Both this and expressive dance (nritya), though, are closely tied to the rhythmic system (tala). Teachers have adapted the spoken rhythmic mnemonic system called bol to the needs of dancers.
Japanese classical dance-theatre styles such as Kabuki and Noh, like Indian dance-drama, distinguish between narrative and abstract dance productions. The three main categories of kabuki are jidaimono (historical), sewamono (domestic) and shosagoto (dance pieces).[33] Somewhat similarly, Noh distinguishes between Geki Noh, based around the advancement of plot and the narration of action, and Furyū Noh, dance pieces involving acrobatics, stage properties, multiple characters and elaborate stage action.[34]
Participatory and social dance
Social dances, those intended for participation rather than for an audience, may include various forms of mime and narrative, but are typically set much more closely to the rhythmic pattern of music, so that terms like waltz and polka refer as much to musical pieces as to the dance itself. The rhythm of the dancers' feet may even form an essential part of the music, as in tap dance. African dance, for example, is rooted in fixed basic steps, but may also allow a high degree of rhythmic interpretation: the feet or the trunk mark the basic pulse while cross-rhythms are picked up by shoulders, knees, or head, with the best dancers simultaneously giving plastic expression to all the elements of the polyrhythmic pattern.[35]
Cultural traditions
Africa
Play media
"Kuduro" (Angolan dance)
Ugandan youth dance at a cultural celebration of peace
Main article: African dance
Dance in Africa is deeply integrated into society and major events in a community are frequently reflected in dances: dances are performed for births and funerals, weddings and wars.[36]:13 Traditional dances impart cultural morals, including religious traditions and sexual standards; give vent to repressed emotions, such as grief; motivate community members to cooperate, whether fighting wars or grinding grain; enact spiritual rituals; and contribute to social cohesiveness.[37]
Thousands of dances are performed around the continent. These may be divided into traditional, neotraditional, and classical styles: folkloric dances of a particular society, dances created more recently in imitation of traditional styles, and dances transmitted more formally in schools or private lessons.[36]:18 African dance has been altered by many forces, such as European missionaries and colonialist governments, who often suppressed local dance traditions as licentious or distracting.[37] Dance in contemporary African cultures still serves its traditional functions in new contexts; dance may celebrate the inauguration of a hospital, build community for rural migrants in unfamiliar cities, and be incorporated into Christian church ceremonies.[37]
An Indian classical dancer
Asia
All Indian classical dances are to varying degrees rooted in the Natyashastra and therefore share common features: for example, the mudras (hand positions), some body positions, and the inclusion of dramatic or expressive acting or abhinaya. Indian classical music provides accompaniment and dancers of nearly all the styles wear bells around their ankles to counterpoint and complement the percussion.
There are now many regional varieties of Indian classical dance. Dances like "Odra Magadhi", which after decades long debate, has been traced to present day Mithila, Odisha region's dance form of Odissi (Orissi), indicate influence of dances in cultural interactions between different regions.[38]
The Punjab area overlapping India and Pakistan is the place of origin of Bhangra. It is widely known both as a style of music and a dance. It is mostly related to ancient harvest celebrations, love, patriotism or social issues. Its music is coordinated by a musical instrument called the 'Dhol'. Bhangra is not just music but a dance, a celebration of the harvest where people beat the dhol (drum), sing Boliyaan (lyrics) and dance. It developed further with the Vaisakhi festival of the Sikhs.
The dances of Sri Lanka include the devil dances (yakun natima), a carefully crafted ritual reaching far back into Sri Lanka's pre-Buddhist past that combines ancient "Ayurvedic" concepts of disease causation with psychological manipulation and combines many aspects including Sinhalese cosmology. Their influence can be seen on the classical dances of Sri Lanka.[39]
Two classical ballet dancers perform a sequence of The Nutcracker, one of the best known works of classical dance
The dances of the Middle East are usually the traditional forms of circle dancing which are modernized to an extent. They would include dabke, tamzara, Assyrian folk dance, Kurdish dance, Armenian dance and Turkish dance, among others.[40][41] All these forms of dances would usually involve participants engaging each other by holding hands or arms (depending on the style of the dance). They would make rhythmic moves with their legs and shoulders as they curve around the dance floor. The head of the dance would generally hold a cane or handkerchief.[40][42]
Europe and North America
Main article: Concert dance
Folk dances vary across Europe and may date back hundreds or thousands of years, but many have features in common such as group participation led by a caller, hand-holding or arm-linking between participants, and fixed musical forms known as caroles.[43] Some, such as the maypole dance are common to many nations, while others such as the céilidh and the polka are deeply-rooted in a single culture. Some European folk dances such as the square dance were brought to the New World and subsequently became part of American culture.
Ballet developed first in Italy and then in France from lavish court spectacles that combined music, drama, poetry, song, costumes and dance. Members of the court nobility took part as performers. During the reign of Louis XIV, himself a dancer, dance became more codified. Professional dancers began to take the place of court amateurs, and ballet masters were licensed by the French government. The first ballet dance academy was the Académie Royale de Danse (Royal Dance Academy), opened in Paris in 1661. Shortly thereafter, the first institutionalized ballet troupe, associated with the Academy, was formed; this troupe began as an all-male ensemble but by 1681 opened to include women as well.[5]
20th century concert dance brought an explosion of innovation in dance style characterized by an exploration of freer technique. Early pioneers of what became known as modern dance include Loie Fuller, Isadora Duncan, Mary Wigman and Ruth St. Denis. The relationship of music to dance serves as the basis for Eurhythmics, devised by Emile Jaques-Dalcroze, which was influential to the development of Modern dance and modern ballet through artists such as Marie Rambert. Eurythmy, developed by Rudolf Steiner and Marie Steiner-von Sivers, combines formal elements reminiscent of traditional dance with the new freer style, and introduced a complex new vocabulary to dance. In the 1920s, important founders of the new style such as Martha Graham and Doris Humphrey began their work. Since this time, a wide variety of dance styles have been developed; see Modern dance.
Street samba dancers perform in carnival parades and contests
African American dance developed in everyday spaces, rather than in dance studios, schools or companies. Tap dance, disco, jazz dance, swing dance, hip hop dance, the lindy hop with its relationship to rock and roll music and rock and roll dance have had a global influence. Dance styles fusing classical ballet technique with African-American dance have also appeared in the 21st century, including Hiplet.[44]
Latin America
Dance is central to Latin American social life and culture. Brazilian Samba, Argentinian tango, and Cuban salsa are internationally popular partner dances, and other national dances—merengue, cueca, plena, jarabe, joropo, marinera, cumbia, and others—are important components of their respective countries' cultures.[45] Traditional Carnival festivals incorporate these and other dances in enormous celebrations.[46]
Dance has played an important role in forging a collective identity among the many cultural and ethnic groups of Latin America.[47] Dance served to unite the many African, European, and indigenous peoples of the region.[45] Certain dance genres, such as capoeira, and body movements, especially the characteristic quebrada or pelvis swing, have been variously banned and celebrated throughout Latin American history.[47]
United States
Hip Hop originated in New York, specifically in the area known as the Bronx. It was created for those who struggled in society and didn't seem to have a voice in the community that surrounded them because of their lack of wealth. It helped those in the same situation come together and speak about difficult topics by using movement and feeling.[48]
Dance education
Dance studies are offered through the arts and humanities programs of many higher education institutions. Some universities offer Bachelor of Arts and higher academic degrees in Dance. A dance study curriculum may encompass a diverse range of courses and topics, including dance practice and performance, choreography, ethnochoreology, kinesiology, dance notation, and dance therapy.
A dancer practices in a dance studio, the primary setting for training in classical dance and many other styles
Occupations
Main article: List of dance occupations
Professional dancers are usually employed on contract or for particular performances or productions. The professional life of a dancer is generally one of constantly changing work situations, strong competitive pressure and low pay. Consequently, professional dancers often must supplement their incomes to achieve financial stability. In the U.S. many professional dancers belong to unions (such as the American Guild of Musical Artists, Screen Actors Guild and Actors' Equity Association) that establish working conditions and minimum salaries for their members. Professional dancers must possess large amounts of athleticism. To lead a successful career, it is advantageous to be versatile in many styles of dance, have a strong technical background and to utilize other forms of physical training to remain fit and healthy.[49]
Dance teachers typically focus on teaching dance performance, or coaching competitive dancers, or both. They typically have performance experience in the types of dance they teach or coach. For example, dancesport teachers and coaches are often tournament dancers or former dancesport performers. Dance teachers may be self-employed, or employed by dance schools or general education institutions with dance programs. Some work for university programs or other schools that are associated with professional classical dance (e.g., ballet) or modern dance companies. Others are employed by smaller, privately owned dance schools that offer dance training and performance coaching for various types of dance.
Choreographers are often university trained and are typically employed for particular projects or, more rarely may work on contract as the resident choreographer for a specific dance company.
Competitions
An amateur dancesport competition, featuring the Viennese Waltz
A dance competition is an organized event in which contestants perform dances before a judge or judges for awards, and in some cases, monetary prizes. There are several major types of dance competitions, distinguished primarily by the style or styles of dances performed. Major types of dance competitions include:
Competitive dance, in which a variety of theater dance styles, such as acro, ballet, jazz, hip-hop, lyrical, and tap, are permitted.
Open competitions, that permit a wide variety of dance styles. An example of this is the TV program So You Think You Can Dance.
Dancesport, which is focused exclusively on ballroom and latin dance. Examples of this are TV programs Dancing with the Stars and Strictly Come Dancing.
Single-style competitions, such as; highland dance, dance team, and Irish dance, that only permit a single dance style.
In addition, there are numerous dance competitions shows presented on television and other mass media.
Gallery
Solo dance - Russian ballerina Marina Semjonova
Folk dance - a trio of Irish Stepdancers performing in competition
Folk dance in Estonia
A contemporary dancer performs a stag split leap
Dance partnering - a male dancer assists a female dancer in performing an arabesque, as part of a classical pas de deux
Acrobatic dance - an acro dancer performs a front aerial
A dancer performs a "toe rise", in which she rises from a kneeling position to a standing position on the tops of her feet
Social dance - dancers at a juke joint dance the Jitterbug, an early 20th century dance that would go on to influence swing, jive, and jazz dance
Latin Ballroom ballroom dancers perform the Tango
Gumboot dance evolved from the stomping signals used as coded communication between labourers in South African mines
Harlequin and Columbina from the mime theater in Copenhagen, Denmark
A hip-hop dancer demonstrates popping
Erotic dance - a pole dancer performs a routine
Prop dance - a fire dancer performance
Modern dance - a female dancer performs a leg split while balanced on the back of her partner
Stage dance - a professional dancer at the Bolshoi Theatre
A nineteenth century artist's representation of a Flamenco dancer
Ritual dance - Armenian folk dancers celebrate a neo-pagan new year
A latin ballroom couple perform a Samba routine at a dancesport event
Folk dance - some dance traditions travel with immigrant communities, as with this festival dance performed by a Polish community in Turkey
Street dancers at a competition
A ballet dancer performs a standing side split
Street dance - a Breakdancer performs a handstand trick
See also
Dance portal
Performing arts
Ballet
Circus skills
Clown
Dance
Magic
Mime
Music
Opera
Puppetry
Speech
Theatre
Ventriloquism
v
t
e
Art
The arts
Performing arts (outline)
Outline of dance
Index of dance articles
Notes
Jump up ^ Many definitions of dance have been proposed. This definition is based on the following:

"Dance is human movement created and expressed for an aesthetic purpose."[1]

"Dance is a transient mode of expression performed in a given form and style by the human body moving in space. Dance occurs through purposefully selected and controlled rhythmic movements; the resulting phenomenon is recognized as dance both by the performer and the observing members of a given group."[2]

"Dance is human behaviour composed (from the dancer’s perspective, which is usually shared by the audience members of the dancer’s culture) of purposeful (individual choice and social learning play a role), intentionally rhythmical, and culturally patterned sequences of nonverbal body movement mostly other than those performed in ordinary motor activities. The motion (in time, space, and with effort) has an inherent and aesthetic value (the notion of appropriateness and competency as viewed by the dancer’s culture) and symbolic potential."[3]
References
Jump up ^ Sondra Horton Fraleigh (1987). Dance and the Lived Body: A Descriptive Aesthetics. University of Pittsburgh Pre. p. 49. ISBN 978-0-8229-7170-2.
Jump up ^ Joann Kealinohomoku (1970). Copeland, Roger; Cohen, Marshall, eds. An Anthropologist Looks at Ballet as a Form of Ethnic Dance (PDF). What is Dance? Readings in Theory and Criticism (1983 ed.). New York: Oxford University Press. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-01-04.
Jump up ^ Judith Lynne Hanna (1983). The performer-audience connection: emotion to metaphor in dance and society. University of Texas Press. ISBN 978-0-292-76478-1.
Jump up ^ Canadian National Arts Centre - Dance Forms: An Introduction
^ Jump up to: a b Nathalie Comte. "Europe, 1450 to 1789: Encyclopedia of the Early Modern World". Ed. Jonathan Dewald. Vol. 2. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 2004. pp 94–108.
Jump up ^ Guenther, Mathias Georg. 'The San Trance Dance: Ritual and Revitalization Among the Farm Bushmen of the Ghanzi District, Republic of Botswana.' Journal, South West Africa Scientific Society, v30, 1975–76.
Jump up ^ Raftis, Alkis, The World of Greek Dance Finedawn, Athens (1987) p25.
Jump up ^ Kadman, Gurit (1952). "Yemenite Dances and Their Influence on the New Israeli Folk Dances". Journal of the International Folk Music Council. 4: 27–30. doi:10.2307/835838.
Jump up ^ "Basin with design of dancers". National Museum of China. Retrieved 2017-05-23. Pottery from the Majiayao culture (3100 BC to 2700 BC)
Jump up ^ Kʻo-fen, Wang (1985). The history of Chinese dance. Foreign Languages Press. p. 7. ISBN 9780835111867. OCLC 977028549.
Jump up ^ Li, Zehou; Samei, Maija Bell (2010). The Chinese aesthetic tradition. University of Hawaiʻi Press. p. 5. ISBN 9780824833077. OCLC 960030161.
Jump up ^ Sturgeon, Donald. "Lü Shi Chun Qiu". Chinese Text Project Dictionary (in cn). Retrieved 2017-05-23. Original text: 昔葛天氏之樂，三人操牛尾，投足以歌八闋 CS1 maint: Unrecognized language (link)
^ Jump up to: a b Shawn, Ted, Dance We Must, 1946, Dennis Dobson Ltd., London, p.50
Jump up ^ Imperial Society of Teachers of Dancing, Ballroom Dancing, Teach Yourself Books, Hodder and Stoughton, 1977, p. 38
^ Jump up to: a b c Lincoln Kirstein, Dance, Dance Horizons Incorporated, New York, 1969, p.4
Jump up ^ Shawn, Ted, Dance We Must, 1946, Dennis Dobson Ltd., London, p.49
Jump up ^ Lincoln Kirstein, Dance, Dance Horizons Incorporated, New York, 1969, p.3
Jump up ^ Matthew 11:17
Jump up ^ Lincoln Kirstein, Dance, Dance Horizons Incorporated, New York, 1969, p.108
Jump up ^ Lincoln Kirstein, Dance, Dance Horizons Incorporated, New York, 1969, p.157
Jump up ^ Scholes, Percy A. (1977). "Dance". The Oxford Companion to Music (10 ed.). Oxford University Press.
Jump up ^ Émile Jaques-Dalcroze, Rhythm, Music and Education, 1973, The Dalcroze Society, London, p.viii
Jump up ^ Émile Jaques-Dalcroze, Rhythm, Music and Education, 1973, The Dalcroze Society, London, p.181
Jump up ^ Shawn, Ted, Dance We Must, 1946, Dennis Dobson Ltd., London, p.54
Jump up ^ Shawn, Ted, Dance We Must, 1946, Dennis Dobson Ltd., London, p.50-51
Jump up ^ Moller, Helen and Dunham, Curtis, Dancing with Helen Moller, 1918, John Lane (New York and London), p.74
Jump up ^ Laban, Rudolf, The Mastery of Movement, MacDonald and Evans, London, 1960, p. 2
Jump up ^ Minden, Eliza Gaynor, The Ballet Companion: A Dancer's Guide, Simon and Schuster, 2007, p.92
Jump up ^ Thoinot Arbeau, Orchesography, trans. by Mary Stewart Evans, with notes by Julia Sutton, New York: Dover, 1967
Jump up ^ Laban, Rudolf, The Mastery of Movement, MacDonald and Evans, London, 1960, pp. 2,4 et passim
Jump up ^ Laban, Rudolf, The Mastery of Movement, MacDonald and Evans, London, 1960, p. 86
Jump up ^ Abigail Wagner, A Different Type of Rhythm, Lawrence University, Wisconsin
Jump up ^ "Kabuki « MIT Global Shakespeares". Retrieved April 8, 2015.
Jump up ^ Ortolani, Benito (1995). The Japanese theatre: from shamanistic ritual to contemporary pluralism. Princeton University Press. p. 132. ISBN 0-691-04333-7.
Jump up ^ Ayansu, E. S. and Whitfield, P. (eds.), The Rhythms Of Life, Marshall Editions, 1982, p. 161
^ Jump up to: a b Kariamu Welsh; Elizabeth A. Hanley; Jacques D'Amboise (1 January 2010). African Dance. Infobase Publishing. ISBN 978-1-60413-477-3.
^ Jump up to: a b c Hanna, Judith Lynne (1973). "African Dance: the continuity of change". Yearbook of the International Folk Music Council. 5: 165–174. JSTOR 767501.
Jump up ^ Exoticindiaart.com, Dance: The Living Spirit of Indian Arts, by Prof. P. C. Jain and Dr. Daljeet.
Jump up ^ Lankalibrary.com, "The yakun natima — devil dance ritual of Sri Lanka"
^ Jump up to: a b Badley, Bill and Zein al Jundi. "Europe Meets Asia". 2000. In Broughton, Simon and Ellingham, Mark with McConnachie, James and Duane, Orla (Ed.), World Music, Vol. 1: Africa, Europe and the Middle East, pp 391-395. Rough Guides Ltd, Penguin Books.
Jump up ^ Recep Albayrak Hacaloğlu. Azeri Türkçesi dil kilavuzu. Hacaloğlu, 1992; p. 272.
Jump up ^ Subhi Anwar Rashid, Mesopotamien, Abb 137
Jump up ^ Carol Lee (2002). Ballet in Western Culture: A History of Its Origins and Evolution. pp. 10–11. ISBN 0415942578.
Jump up ^ Kourlas, Gia (2016-09-02). "Hiplet: An Implausible Hybrid Plants Itself on Pointe". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2016-12-03.
^ Jump up to: a b John Charles Chasteen (1 January 2004). National Rhythms, African Roots: The Deep History of Latin American Popular Dance. UNM Press. pp. 8–14. ISBN 978-0-8263-2941-7.
Jump up ^ Margaret Musmon; Elizabeth A. Hanley; Jacques D'Amboise (2010). Latin and Caribbean Dance. Infobase Publishing. pp. 20–23. ISBN 978-1-60413-481-0.
^ Jump up to: a b Celeste Fraser Delgado; José Esteban Muñoz (1997). Everynight Life: Culture and Dance in Latin/o America. Duke University Press. pp. 9–41. ISBN 0-8223-1919-5.
Jump up ^ "The Role of Hip Hop in Culture - Thought Economics". Thought Economics. 2015-11-03. Retrieved 2017-12-12.
Jump up ^ Sagolla, Lisa (April 24, 2008). "Untitled". International Bibliography of Theatre & Dance with Full Text. 15 (17): 1.
Further reading
Abra, Allison. "Going to the palais: a social and cultural history of dancing and dance halls in Britain, 1918–1960." Contemporary British History (Sep 2016) 30#3 pp 432–433.
Blogg, Martin. Dance and the Christian Faith: A Form of Knowing, The Lutterworth Press (2011), ISBN 9780718892494
Carter, A. (1998) The Routledge Dance Studies Reader. Routledge. ISBN 0-415-16447-8.
Cohen, S, J. (1992) Dance As a Theatre Art: Source Readings in Dance History from 1581 to the Present. Princeton Book Co. ISBN 0-87127-173-7.
Daly, A. (2002) Critical Gestures: Writings on Dance and Culture. Wesleyan University Press. ISBN 0-8195-6566-0.
Miller, James, L. (1986) Measures of Wisdom: The Cosmic Dance in Classical and Christian Antiquity, University of Toronto Press. ISBN 0-8020-2553-6.
External links
Find more aboutDanceat Wikipedia's sister projects
Definitions from Wiktionary
Media from Wikimedia Commons
News from Wikinews
Quotations from Wikiquote
Texts from Wikisource
Textbooks from Wikibooks
Learning resources from Wikiversity
Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Dance". Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.
Historic illustrations of dancing from 3300 B.C. to 1911 A.D. from Project Gutenberg
United States National Museum of Dance and Hall of Fame

[hide]
v
t
e
Dance
Did you know?
Today's article
Today's biography
Today's picture
Participation
Solo
Partner
Group
Circle
Line
Round
Square
Social context
Ceremonial
Competitive
Concert
Erotic
Fad
Folk
Participation
Sacred
Social
Street
War
Major present-day genres
Acro
Ballet
Ballroom
Belly
Breaking
Contemporary
Country-western
Hip-hop
Jazz
Latin
Modern
Postmodern
Swing
Tap
Technique
Ballet technique
Choreography
Connection
Dance theory
Graham
Lead and follow
Pole dance
Moves (glossary)
Musicality
Pointe
Sequence dance
Spotting
Turnout
Turns
Regional traditions
Arab
Africa
Assyrian
Cambodia
China
Cuba
Denmark
Europe
Georgian
India
Indonesia
Israel
Ireland
Japan
Korea
Kurdish
Middle Eastern
Netherlands
Persian
Philippines
Poland
Romani
Russia
Thailand
Ukraine
United States
African-American
Venezuela
Related
Dance and disability
Dance and health
Dance costume
Dance etiquette
Dance notation
Dance in film
Dance in mythology and religion
Dance on television
Dance research
Dance science
Dance technology
Dancing mania
History of dance
List of dances
Outline of dance
Women in dance
Portal
Authority control
LCCN: sh85035659
GND: 4059028-8
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dance&oldid=820361098"
Categories:
Dance
Entertainment occupations
Theatrical occupations
Hidden categories:
CS1 maint: Unrecognized language
Wikipedia indefinitely semi-protected pages
Wikipedia indefinitely move-protected pages
Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the 1911 Encyclopaedia Britannica with Wikisource reference
Wikipedia articles with LCCN identifiers
Wikipedia articles with GND identifiers
Articles containing video clips
Navigation menu
Personal tools
Not logged in
Talk
Contributions
Create account
Log in
Namespaces
Article
Talk
Variants
Views
Read
View source
View history
More
Search
Navigation
Main page
Contents
Featured content
Current events
Random article
Donate to Wikipedia
Wikipedia store
Interaction
Help
About Wikipedia
Community portal
Recent changes
Contact page
Tools
What links here
Related changes
Upload file
Special pages
Permanent link
Page information
Wikidata item
Cite this page
Print/export
Create a book
Download as PDF
Printable version
In other projects
Wikimedia Commons
Wikiquote
Languages
Afrikaans
Alemannisch
العربية
Aragonés
Asturianu
Avañe'ẽ
Aymar aru
Azərbaycanca
Bamanankan
বাংলা
Bahasa Banjar
Bân-lâm-gú
Башҡортса
Беларуская
Беларуская (тарашкевіца)
Български
Boarisch
བོད་ཡིག
Bosanski
Brezhoneg
Català
Cebuano
Čeština
ChiShona
Corsu
Cymraeg
Dansk
Deutsch
Eesti
Ελληνικά
Español
Esperanto
Estremeñu
Euskara
فارسی
Fiji Hindi
Français
Frysk
Furlan
Gaeilge
Gaelg
Gàidhlig
Galego
贛語
한국어
Hawaiʻi
Հայերեն
हिन्दी
Hrvatski
Ido
Ilokano
বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী
Bahasa Indonesia
Interlingua
Interlingue
ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᑦ/inuktitut
Íslenska
Italiano
עברית
Kalaallisut
ಕನ್ನಡ
ქართული
कॉशुर / کٲشُر
Kaszëbsczi
Қазақша
Kiswahili
Kreyòl ayisyen
Kurdî
Кыргызча
ລາວ
Latina
Latviešu
Lëtzebuergesch
Lietuvių
Limburgs
Lingála
Livvinkarjala
La .lojban.
Magyar
Македонски
മലയാളം
Malti
मराठी
მარგალური
مصرى
مازِرونی
Bahasa Melayu
Mirandés
Молдовеняскэ
Монгол
မြန်မာဘာသာ
Nāhuatl
Nederlands
Nedersaksies
नेपाली
नेपाल भाषा
日本語
Napulitano
Nordfriisk
Norsk
Norsk nynorsk
Nouormand
Novial
Occitan
Oʻzbekcha/ўзбекча
ਪੰਜਾਬੀ
Pangasinan
پنجابی
Papiamentu
Patois
Plattdüütsch
Polski
Português
Română
Runa Simi
Русиньскый
Русский
Саха тыла
संस्कृतम्
Scots
Shqip
Sicilianu
Simple English
Slovenčina
Slovenščina
کوردی
Српски / srpski
Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски
Basa Sunda
Suomi
Svenska
Tagalog
தமிழ்
తెలుగు
ไทย
Тоҷикӣ
Türkçe
Українська
اردو
Vèneto
Tiếng Việt
Võro
Walon
Winaray
吴语
ייִדיש
粵語
Zazaki
中文
Edit links
This page was last edited on 14 January 2018, at 08:24.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.
Privacy policy
About Wikipedia
Disclaimers
Contact Wikipedia
Developers
Cookie statement
Mobile view
Enable previews

values: mw-page-base noprint

values: mw-head-base noprint

values: firstHeading firstHeading en

values: siteSub noprint

values: jump-to-nav mw-jump

values:
/wiki/Dance_(disambiguation)
mw-disambig
Dance (disambiguation)

attrs: role class

values:
note
hatnote navigation-not-searchable

values:
/wiki/List_of_basic_dance_topics
mw-redirect
List of basic dance topics

values:
/wiki/Dancer_(disambiguation)
mw-disambig
Dancer (disambiguation)

values:
/wiki/Dancing_(disambiguation)
mw-disambig
Dancing (disambiguation)

attrs: href class

values:
/wiki/Performing_art
mw-redirect
Performing art

values: List of ethnic, regional, and folk dances by origin

values:
/wiki/Synchronized_swimming
mw-redirect
Synchronized swimming

values:
/wiki/Stage_(theater)
mw-redirect
Stage (theater)

values:
/wiki/Dance_costumes
mw-redirect
Dance costumes

values:
/wiki/Classical_Indian_dance
mw-redirect
Classical Indian dance

values:
/wiki/Social_interaction
mw-redirect
Social interaction

values:
/wiki/Rave_culture
mw-redirect
Rave culture

values:
/wiki/Rock_Shelters_of_Bhimbetka
mw-redirect
Rock Shelters of Bhimbetka

values:
/wiki/Greek_dance
mw-redirect
Greek dance

values:
/wiki/Oracle_bones
mw-redirect
Oracle bones

values:
/wiki/Traditional_dance
mw-redirect
Traditional dance

values:
/wiki/Musical_genre
mw-redirect
Musical genre

values:
/wiki/Classical_music_era
mw-redirect
Classical music era

values:
/wiki/Meter_(music)
mw-redirect
Meter (music)

values: font-family: 'Georgia Pro', Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;

values: font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;

values:
/wiki/Duple_and_quadruple_meter
mw-redirect
Duple and quadruple meter

values:
/wiki/Meter_(poetry)
mw-redirect
Meter (poetry)

values:
/wiki/Rudolf_Laban
mw-redirect
Rudolf Laban

values:
/wiki/Social_dances
mw-redirect
Social dances

values: File:Kuduro - One of the Angolan National Dances.webm

values: <video id="mwe_player_1" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Kuduro_-_One_of_the_Angolan_National_Dances.webm/854px--Kuduro_-_One_of_the_Angolan_National_Dances.webm.jpg" controls="" preload="none" autoplay="" style="width:854px;height:480px" class="kskin" data-durationhint="43.003" data-startoffset="0" data-mwtitle="Kuduro_-_One_of_the_Angolan_National_Dances.webm" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/af/Kuduro_-_One_of_the_Angolan_National_Dances.webm/Kuduro_-_One_of_the_Angolan_National_Dances.webm.480p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-title="SD WebM (480P)" data-shorttitle="WebM 480P" data-transcodekey="480p.webm" data-width="854" data-height="480" data-bandwidth="1095096" data-framerate="25"/><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/af/Kuduro_-_One_of_the_Angolan_National_Dances.webm/Kuduro_-_One_of_the_Angolan_National_Dances.webm.720p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-title="HD WebM (720P)" data-shorttitle="WebM 720P" data-transcodekey="720p.webm" data-width="1280" data-height="720" data-bandwidth="2177472" data-framerate="25"/><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/af/Kuduro_-_One_of_the_Angolan_National_Dances.webm/Kuduro_-_One_of_the_Angolan_National_Dances.webm.1080p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-title="Full HD WebM (1080P)" data-shorttitle="WebM 1080P" data-transcodekey="1080p.webm" data-width="1920" data-height="1080" data-bandwidth="4275400" data-framerate="25"/><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/af/Kuduro_-_One_of_the_Angolan_National_Dances.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-title="Original WebM file, 1,920 × 1,080 (11.71 Mbps)" data-shorttitle="WebM source" data-width="1920" data-height="1080" data-bandwidth="11706841" data-framerate="25"/><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/af/Kuduro_-_One_of_the_Angolan_National_Dances.webm/Kuduro_-_One_of_the_Angolan_National_Dances.webm.160p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-title="Low bandwidth WebM (160P)" data-shorttitle="WebM 160P" data-transcodekey="160p.webm" data-width="284" data-height="160" data-bandwidth="211904" data-framerate="25"/><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/af/Kuduro_-_One_of_the_Angolan_National_Dances.webm/Kuduro_-_One_of_the_Angolan_National_Dances.webm.240p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-title="Small WebM (240P)" data-shorttitle="WebM 240P" data-transcodekey="240p.webm" data-width="426" data-height="240" data-bandwidth="324664" data-framerate="25"/><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/af/Kuduro_-_One_of_the_Angolan_National_Dances.webm/Kuduro_-_One_of_the_Angolan_National_Dances.webm.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-title="WebM (360P)" data-shorttitle="WebM 360P" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" data-bandwidth="578176" data-framerate="25"/></video>

values:
/wiki/Punjab_region
mw-redirect
Punjab region

values:
/wiki/Classical_dances_of_Sri_Lanka
mw-redirect
Classical dances of Sri Lanka

values:
/wiki/20th_century_concert_dance
mw-redirect
20th century concert dance

values:
/wiki/Emile_Jaques-Dalcroze
mw-redirect
Emile Jaques-Dalcroze

values:
/wiki/African_American_dance
mw-redirect
African American dance

values:
/wiki/Swing_dance
mw-redirect
Swing dance

values:
/wiki/Hip_hop_dance
mw-redirect
Hip hop dance

values:
/wiki/Rock_and_roll_(dance)
mw-redirect
Rock and roll (dance)

values:
/wiki/Dance_school
mw-redirect
Dance school

values:
gallerytextwrapper gallerytext
width: 127.473362138264px;

values:
/wiki/Irish_Stepdance
mw-redirect
Irish Stepdance

values:
gallerytextwrapper gallerytext
width: 115.96834807074px;

values:
gallerytextwrapper gallerytext
width: 234.156219855305px;

values:
gallerytextwrapper gallerytext
width: 196.503446543408px;

attrs: alt src width height data-file-width data-file-height

values:
gallerytextwrapper gallerytext
width: 208.008460610932px;

values:
gallerytextwrapper gallerytext
width: 129.565182877814px;

values:
gallerytextwrapper gallerytext
width: 236.248040594855px;

values:
gallerytextwrapper gallerytext
width: 121.537133097166px;

values:
gallerytextwrapper gallerytext
width: 280.629259446694px;

values:
/wiki/Copenhagen,_Denmark
mw-redirect
Copenhagen, Denmark

values:
gallerytextwrapper gallerytext
width: 142.383687584346px;

values:
/wiki/Popping_(dance)
mw-redirect
Popping (dance)

values:
gallerytextwrapper gallerytext
width: 172.007738697706px;

values:
/wiki/Pole_dancer
mw-redirect
Pole dancer

values:
gallerytextwrapper gallerytext
width: 146.772435897436px;

values:
gallerytextwrapper gallerytext
width: 153.355558367072px;

values:
gallerytextwrapper gallerytext
width: 179.688048245614px;

values:
gallerytextwrapper gallerytext
width: 113.856823549258px;

values:
gallerytextwrapper gallerytext
width: 135.80056511471px;

values:
gallerytextwrapper gallerytext
width: 336.716404886562px;

values:
gallerytextwrapper gallerytext
width: 155.481457242583px;

values:
gallerytextwrapper gallerytext
width: 329.524541884817px;

values:
gallerytextwrapper gallerytext
width: 374.114092495637px;

values:
gallerytextwrapper gallerytext
width: 177.057046247819px;

values: display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle

values: margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em;border:solid #aaa 1px

values: float:right;clear:right;width:22.0em;margin:0 0 1.0em 1.0em;background:#f9f9f9;border:1px solid #aaa;padding:0.2em;border-spacing:0.4em 0;text-align:center;line-height:1.4em;font-size:88%

values:
reflist mw-references-wrap
list-style-type: decimal;

values:
nofollow
external text
https://www.jstor.org/stable/835838

values:
nofollow
external text
//doi.org/10.2307%2F835838

values:
nofollow
external text
https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/977028549

values:
nofollow
external text
//www.worldcat.org/oclc/977028549

values:
nofollow
external text
//www.worldcat.org/oclc/960030161

values: Category:CS1 maint: Unrecognized language

values:
nofollow
external text
//www.jstor.org/stable/767501

values:
nofollow
external text
//www.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331

values: -moz-column-width: 30em; -webkit-column-width: 30em; column-width: 30em; list-style-type: decimal;

values: padding-bottom: 0.75em; text-align: center;

attrs: alt src width height style srcset data-file-width data-file-height

values: display: inline-block; width: 31px; line-height: 31px; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;

values: display: inline-block; margin-left: 4px; width: 182px; vertical-align: middle;

values: border-top:1px solid #aaa; padding-top: 0.75em;

values: metadata plainlinks plainlist mbox-small

values: border:1px solid #aaa; padding:0.75em; background:#f9f9f9;

values: Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition

values:
nofollow
external text
http://www.gutenberg.org/etext/17289

values:
/wiki/Musicality_(dance)
mw-redirect
Musicality (dance)

values:
/wiki/Middle-Eastern_dance
mw-redirect
Middle-Eastern dance

attrs: alt src title width height srcset data-file-width data-file-height

values: nowraplinks hlist collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner

values:
nofollow
external text
https://d-nb.info/gnd/4059028-8

values: Category:Wikipedia indefinitely semi-protected pages

values: Category:Wikipedia indefinitely move-protected pages

values: Category:Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the 1911 Encyclopaedia Britannica with Wikisource reference

values: Category:Wikipedia articles with LCCN identifiers

values: Category:Wikipedia articles with GND identifiers

values: Category:Articles containing video clips

values: Discussion about edits from this IP address [ctrl-alt-n]

values: A list of edits made from this IP address [ctrl-alt-y]

values: You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory

values: You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [ctrl-alt-o]

values:
/wiki/Dance
View the content page [ctrl-alt-c]
c

values: Discussion about the content page [ctrl-alt-t]

values: p-namespaces navigation vectorTabs p-namespaces-label

values:
p-variants
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-variants-label

values:
This page is protected.
You can view its source [ctrl-alt-e]

values: Past revisions of this page [ctrl-alt-h]

values: p-views navigation vectorTabs p-views-label

values:
p-cactions
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-cactions-label

values:
mw-wiki-logo
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page

values:
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page [ctrl-alt-z]
z

values: Featured content – the best of Wikipedia

values: Find background information on current events

values:
/wiki/Special:Random
Load a random article [ctrl-alt-x]
x

values: portal navigation p-navigation p-navigation-label

values: portal navigation p-wikibase-otherprojects p-wikibase-otherprojects-label

values:
https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dans
Dans – Afrikaans
af
af
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanz
Tanz – Alemannisch
als
als
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Danza
Danza – Aragonese
an
an
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Danza
Danza – Asturian
ast
ast
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeroky
Jeroky – Guarani
gn
gn
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C9%99qs
Rəqs – Azerbaijani
az
az
interlanguage-link-target

values: নৃত্য – Bangla

values:
https://bjn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Igal
Igal – Banjar
bjn
bjn
interlanguage-link-target

values: Танец – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)

values:
https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Danz
Danz – Bavarian
bar
bar
interlanguage-link-target

values: ཞབས་བྲོ། – Tibetan

values:
https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ples
Ples – Bosnian
bs
bs
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Da%C3%B1s
Dañs – Breton
br
br
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dansa
Dansa – Catalan
ca
ca
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sayaw
Sayaw – Cebuano
ceb
ceb
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanec
Tanec – Czech
cs
cs
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kudzana
Kudzana – Shona
sn
sn
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baddu
Baddu – Corsican
co
co
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dawns
Dawns – Welsh
cy
cy
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dans
Dans – Danish
da
da
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanz
Tanz – German
de
de
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tants
Tants – Estonian
et
et
interlanguage-link-target

values: Χορός – Greek

values:
https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Danza
Danza – Spanish
es
es
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Danco
Danco – Esperanto
eo
eo
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bailaus
Bailaus – Extremaduran
ext
ext
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dantza
Dantza – Basque
eu
eu
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dance
Dance – Fiji Hindi
hif
hif
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Danse
Danse – French
fr
fr
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%BBns
Dûns – Western Frisian
fy
fy
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bal
Bal – Friulian
fur
fur
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Damhsa
Damhsa – Irish
ga
ga
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daunse
Daunse – Manx
gv
gv
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dannsa
Dannsa – Scottish Gaelic
gd
gd
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Danza
Danza – Galician
gl
gl
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%B6%A4
춤 – Korean
ko
ko
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://haw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hulahula
Hulahula – Hawaiian
haw
haw
interlanguage-link-target

values: नृत्य – Hindi

values:
https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ples
Ples – Croatian
hr
hr
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Danso
Danso – Ido
io
io
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sala
Sala – Iloko
ilo
ilo
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tari
Tari – Indonesian
id
id
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dansa
Dansa – Interlingua
ia
ia
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dansa
Dansa – Interlingue
ie
ie
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dans
Dans – Icelandic
is
is
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Danza
Danza – Italian
it
it
interlanguage-link-target

values: ריקוד – Hebrew

values:
https://kl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taparneq
Taparneq – Kalaallisut
kl
kl
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dansi
Dansi – Swahili
sw
sw
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dans
Dans – Haitian Creole
ht
ht
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dans
Dans – Kurdish
ku
ku
interlanguage-link-target

values: ການຟ້ອນລຳ – Lao

values:
https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saltatio
Saltatio – Latin
la
la
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deja
Deja – Latvian
lv
lv
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Danz
Danz – Luxembourgish
lb
lb
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dans
Dans – Limburgish
li
li
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tansi
Tansi – Livvi-Karelian
olo
olo
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/dansu
dansu – Lojban
jbo
jbo
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%A1nc
Tánc – Hungarian
hu
hu
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%BBfin
Żfin – Maltese
mt
mt
interlanguage-link-target

values: სხაპუა (ხელუანობა) – Mingrelian

values:
https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tarian
Tarian – Malay
ms
ms
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beilado
Beilado – Mirandese
mwl
mwl
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://mo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dans
Dans – молдовеняскэ
mo
mo
interlanguage-link-target

values: ကခုန်ခြင်း – Burmese

values:
https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dans
Dans – Dutch
nl
nl
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daans
Daans – Low Saxon
nds-NL
nds-NL
interlanguage-link-target

values: नृत्य – Nepali

values: हुला प्याखं – Newari

values:
https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ballo
Ballo – Neapolitan
nap
nap
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daans
Daans – Northern Frisian
frr
frr
interlanguage-link-target

values: interlanguage-link interwiki-frr badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle

values:
https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dans
Dans – Norwegian
no
no
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dans
Dans – Norwegian Nynorsk
nn
nn
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/Danso
Danso – Novial
nov
nov
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raqs
Raqs – Uzbek
uz
uz
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://pag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sayaw
Sayaw – Pangasinan
pag
pag
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baila
Baila – Papiamento
pap
pap
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daans
Daans – Jamaican Creole English
jam
jam
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Danz
Danz – Low German
nds
nds
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taniec
Taniec – Polish
pl
pl
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dans
Dans – Romanian
ro
ro
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tusuy
Tusuy – Quechua
qu
qu
interlanguage-link-target

values: Танець – Rusyn

values: Үҥкүү – Sakha

values: नृत्यम् – Sanskrit

values:
https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dance
Dance – Scots
sco
sco
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abballu
Abballu – Sicilian
scn
scn
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dance
Dance – Simple English
simple
simple
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanec
Tanec – Slovak
sk
sk
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ples
Ples – Slovenian
sl
sl
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ples
Ples – Serbo-Croatian
sh
sh
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibing
Ibing – Sundanese
su
su
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanssi
Tanssi – Finnish
fi
fi
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dans
Dans – Swedish
sv
sv
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sayaw
Sayaw – Tagalog
tl
tl
interlanguage-link-target

values: நடனம் – Tamil

values: నాట్యము – Telugu

values: การเต้นรำ – Thai

values: Рақс – Tajik

values:
https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dans
Dans – Turkish
tr
tr
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%BAa
Múa – Vietnamese
vi
vi
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Danse
Danse – Walloon
wa
wa
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sayaw
Sayaw – Waray
war
war
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dans
Dans – Zazaki
diq
diq
interlanguage-link-target

values: /static/images/wikimedia-button-1.5x.png 1.5x, /static/images/wikimedia-button-2x.png 2x

values: /static/images/poweredby_mediawiki_132x47.png 1.5x, /static/images/poweredby_mediawiki_176x62.png 2x

values:
suggestions
display: none; font-size: 13px;

values: mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject page-Dance rootpage-Dance skin-vector action-view