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Chevrolet Traverse
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Chevrolet Traverse
Overview
Manufacturer
General Motors
Production
2008–present
Model years
2009–present
Assembly
Spring Hill, Tennessee, United States (2009 only)
Delta Charter Township, Michigan, United States (2010-present)
Body and chassis
Class
Mid-size[1] crossover SUV
Body style
5-door SUV
Layout
FF/ F4
Platform
GM Lambda platform/GMT561 (Series GMT960) (formerly)
GM 31XX platform (since 2018)
Related
GMC Acadia
Buick Enclave
Saturn Outlook (formerly)
Powertrain
Engine
3.6 L LLT V6
Transmission
6-speed 6T75 automatic
Dimensions
Wheelbase
118.9 in (3,020 mm)
Length
2009–2012: 205.0 in (5,207 mm)
2013–2017: 203.7 in (5174 mm)
Width
78.4 in (1,991 mm)
Height
2009: 69.7 in (1,770 mm)
2010–12: 70.4 in (1,788 mm)
2013–17: 72.8 in (1849 mm)
Curb weight
2136 kg (4700 Lbs)
Chronology
Predecessor
Chevrolet TrailBlazer EXT
Chevrolet Uplander
Chevrolet HHR
Chevrolet Astro (passenger van)
Pontiac Montana SV6
Saturn Outlook
Hummer H3 (SUV version)
The Chevrolet Traverse is a mid-size[2] crossover SUV built by General Motors. The Traverse is built on the GM Lambda platform that is also used on the GMC Acadia and on the Buick Enclave. It is the successor to the Chevrolet Uplander, the Chevrolet TrailBlazer, the Chevrolet HHR, the Chevrolet Astro (passenger van), and the Saturn Outlook.
Originally, the Traverse was built at GM's Spring Hill, Tennessee assembly plant during 2009, but then production of the Traverse had moved to GM's Delta Township, Michigan assembly plant in 2010.
The 2009 Chevrolet Traverse debuted at the 2008 Chicago Auto Show and the Traverse had arrived at every Chevrolet dealer in October 2008.
The second generation model debuted in showrooms in the summer of 2017.
Contents
[hide]
1 Powertrain
2 Design
3 Marketing
4 First generation (2009–2017)
4.1 2010
4.2 2013 facelift
4.3 2014
4.4 2015
4.5 2016
4.6 2017 and 2018 Limited
4.7 Safety
5 Second generation (2018–present)
5.1 Trim levels
6 Sales in the United States
7 References
8 External links
Powertrain[edit]
The Chevrolet Traverse features the LLT engine, a 3,564 cc (3.564 L; 217.5 cu in) DOHC V6 with VVT and direct injection.[3] The other Lambda-based vehicles also have this powertrain in the 2009 model year. A 6-speed automatic transmission gives power to the front or all wheels.[4] The Traverse delivers 281 hp (210 kW) with the torque at 266 lb·ft. in the LS and LT models. The LTZ model, with dual exhaust, delivers 288 hp (215 kW) and the torque comes in at 270 lb·ft.[citation needed]
Year
Exhaust
Engine
Power
Torque
Transmission
2009– Single 3.6 L LLT V6 281 hp (210 kW) 266 lb·ft (361 N·m) 6-speed 6T75
2009– Dual 3.6 L LLT V6 288 hp (215 kW) 270 lb·ft (366 N·m)
Design[edit]
The Traverse name was originally used for a concept car at the 2003 North American International Auto Show in Detroit, but that concept gave way when the Chevrolet Equinox launched for the 2005 model year. The production Traverse's design was inspired by the 2005 Chevrolet Sequel concept, and has a chevron-shaped grille similar to the 2008 Chevrolet Malibu. The Traverse has unique sheet metal different from the other Lambda crossovers, with the exception of the doors.
Marketing[edit]
The Traverse was part of a product placement by GM in the NBC drama My Own Worst Enemy, along with the new Chevrolet Camaro; the show was cancelled in mid-November 2008. The vehicle also appears on the remake of Hawaii Five-0 and The Mentalist.
The Traverse is also used in the Minnie Van Service in conjunction with Lyft at the Walt Disney World Resort in Florida.
Gothic black colors of the Chevrolet Traverse are commonly used by federal agencies, such as Secret Service.
First generation (2009–2017)[edit]
First generation
Overview
Production
2008-2017
Model years
2009-2017
2018 (Traverse Limited)
Assembly
Spring Hill, Tennessee, United States (2009)
Delta Township, Michigan, United States (2010-2017)
Body and chassis
Platform
GM Lambda platform/GMT561 (Series GMT960)
Related
Buick Enclave
GMC Acadia
Saturn Outlook
Powertrain
Engine
3.6 L “LLT” V6
Transmission
6-speed 6T75 automatic
Dimensions
Wheelbase
118.9 in (3,020 mm)
Length
2009-2012 models: 205.0 in (5,207 mm)
2013-2017 models: 203.7 inches (5174 mm)
Width
78.4 in (1,991 mm)
Height
2009 models: 69.7 in (1,770 mm)
2010-2012 models: 70.4 in (1,788 mm)
2013-2017 models: 72.8 inches (1849 mm)
Curb weight
2136 kg (4700 lbs)
2010[edit]
On the LT models, the early 2010 update removed the "TRAVERSE" badges on the front doors. Beginning on late 2010 models, the GM logos were removed from the vehicle's front doors.
2013 facelift[edit]
A facelift of the Chevrolet Traverse was unveiled at the 2012 New York Auto Show. The 2013 Traverse receives a new grill and front fascia, a redesigned rear liftgate, and reworked Camaro-inspired tail lights, and the transmission has been reworked for improved shift quality and timing. Pictures were released by GM on March 28, 2012. Chevrolet's new color touch-screen and MyLink radios are standard, as well as wood interior trim. Both cloth and leather seating surfaces will be available, depending on the model. Cloth is standard on the LS and 1LT models, and leather is standard on the LTZ. Both are available on the 2LT model. Some new wheels will be available, and models will continue to be offered in both front wheel drive and all wheel drive versions, ranging from the base LS to the top-of-the-line LTZ. Base price for the 2013 Traverse LS is at $30,510. A Bose audio system will be standard on 2LT and LTZ models.[5][6]
2014[edit]
While there were no cosmetic changes made for the 2014 model year, Chevrolet did add new features to the Traverse: Forward Collision Alert and Lane Departure Warning. Also, the audio system feature was updated, with a dual charge USB port now located at the rear of the center console.[7]
2015[edit]
No cosmetic changes. Only two new features, a revised 18-inch wheel appearance and Siri Eyes Free, were added. Siren Red Tintcoat, Sable Metallic, and Blue Velvet Metallic became available as exterior colors, while Ebony/Saddle Up became available as an interior color option.[8]
2016[edit]
The 2016 Traverse received minor changes. The trim level were reduced to LS, LT1, LT2, and LTZ. New features include OnStar 4G LTE connectivity with Wi-Fi hotspot, Iridescent Pearl and Mosaic Black Metallic as color palettes, Leather and Driver Confidence Packages for the LT trims, and 20-inch aluminum wheel designs, painted and machined finishes.
2017 and 2018 Limited[edit]
For the 2017 model year, the Traverse LTZ trim is renamed to Premier. However, most of the features from the 2016 model year Traverse had been carried over to the 2017 Traverse models, which will be its last before becoming a fleet exclusive vehicle. Although the Traverse is redesigned for the 2018 model year, the previous Traverse model will still be available in 2018 as the Traverse Limited, and it will be sold to rental car companies and other fleets.
Safety[edit]
2016 Chevrolet Traverse on NHTSA[9]
Overall:
Frontal Driver:
Frontal Passenger:
Side Driver:
Side Passenger:
Side Pole Driver:
Rollover AWD: 15.5%
2015 Chevrolet Traverse on IIHS:[10]
Category
Rating
Moderate overlap frontal offset Good
Small overlap frontal offset Not tested1
Side impact Good
Roof strength Good2
1 vehicle structure rated "Good"
2 strength-to-weight ratio: 4.00
Pre-facelift styling
Front
Rear
Post-facelift styling
Front
Rear
Second generation (2018–present)[edit]
Chevrolet Traverse
Overview
Production
2017–present
Model years
2018–present
Assembly
Delta Township plant, Lansing, Michigan
Body and chassis
Platform
C1XX
Related
Cadillac XT5
GMC Acadia
Buick Enclave
Powertrain
Engine
3.6 L LFY V6 (gasoline)
2.0 L LTG turbo I4 (gasoline) (Future availability)
Transmission
9-speed 9T65 automatic
Dimensions
Wheelbase
120.9 in (3,071 mm)
Length
204.3 in (5,189 mm)
Width
78.6 in (1,996 mm)
Height
70.7 in (1,796 mm)
Rear
On January 9, 2017, General Motors unveiled the second generation Traverse at the 2017 North American International Auto Show in Detroit. Introduced as a 2018 model, it went on sale in July 2017.[11] While Chevrolet is making the vehicle available in North America, plans include expanding the Traverse to the Middle East, and selected South American countries.[12] The Traverse was launched to the Russian market in 2018[13].
The updated Traverse abandoned the egg shaped design and now adopts a more truck-like design, similar to the Tahoe, while taking some cues from the now mid-size Acadia, with the Chevrolet front grille design. It is similar in dimension to the first generation model, adding an extra 2.0 inches of wheelbase and 0.7 inch more overall length, and it loses 111 pounds (50 kg) to come in at a weight of 4,362 pounds (1,979 kg). It remains an 8-seat (or 7-seat optional) passenger vehicle. As part of GM’s plans to expand its range of crossovers by size in order to be competitive within the segments, Chevrolet is positioning the Traverse as a full size crossover SUV this time around due to the addition of a mid-size equivalent to the Acadia they plan to launch in 2019.[14][15]

There are 5 trim levels available for the 2nd generation Traverse: L, LS, LT, Premier, and High Country (see below for trim level content). All the trim levels are available in either Front Wheel Drive (FWD) or All Wheel Drive (AWD) drive type configurations except for the L trim level which is only available in FWD and the High Country trim level which is only available in AWD. In an addition, there are 2 types of AWD system available for this generation of Traverse: the standard AWD system that allows user to disconnect the prop-shaft until rear traction is needed and the twin-clutch Twinster version (available only with High Country trim) with two rear clutches to more directly apply torque to the rear wheel that needs it most, both are developed by GKN Driveline.[16]
At introductory period, the new 310-horsepower 3.6L V6 gasoline engine will be the only available engine option, mated to a nine-speed automatic transmission with either Front Wheel Drive or All Wheel Drive. Additionally, a turbocharged four-cylinder engine will also become available in early 2018 with the introduction of the RS model.
The new Traverse gains some new technology, some of which is currently available on other models such as the Chevrolet Equinox, Chevrolet Tahoe, and Chevrolet Suburban. Some of this technology includes: a hands-free power tailgate, the latest-generation Chevrolet MyLink infotainment systems with standard Apple CarPlay and Android Auto, a power-folding 60/40 split third-row rear bench seat, and standard keyless access with push-button start.
Trim levels[edit]
The second-generation Chevrolet Traverse is offered in several different trim levels (all of which are available in front-wheel drive (FWD) or all-wheel drive (AWD), except for the base L, which is only available with FWD, and the top-of-the-line High Country, which is only available with AWD), and each offering their own distinct level of standard equipment:[17]
L: The L is the least expensive trim level of the Traverse. It offers the following standard equipment: a 3.6L V6 gasoline engine with Stop-Start Technology, a nine-speed automatic transmission, a dual-outlet exhaust system, Traction Mode Select, StabiliTrak Electronic Stability and Traction Control System, dual frontal and front and rear SRS side-impact airbags, tire pressure monitoring system with Tire Fill Alert, OnStar, LATCH system for rear child safety seats, Teen Driver Technology, a rear vision camera, LED daytime running lamps, High-Intensity Discharge (HID) headlamps, black power-adjustable and manually-folding exterior side view mirrors, exterior color-keyed door handles, a seven-inch Chevrolet MyLink infotainment system with Apple CarPlay and Android Auto, Bluetooth with streaming audio, steering wheel-mounted audio system controls, six standard USB ports, a driver information center with a 3.5-inch monochrome display screen, a digital compass, keyless access with push-button start, a tri-zone automatic climate control system, interior lighting with theater dimming, premium cloth seating surfaces, eight-passenger seating, and ten standard cup holders.
LS: The LS is the second least expensive trim level of the Traverse. It adds deep-tinted glass and optional AWD to the base L.
LT Cloth: The LT Cloth adds comfort and convenience features to the LS, such as: eighteen-inch Bright Silver-finished aluminum-alloy wheels, exterior color-keyed heated, power-adjustable, and manually-folding exterior side view mirrors, front fog lamps, roof rails, SiriusXM Satellite Radio, seven-passenger seating with second-row rear captain's chairs, an eight-way, power-adjustable front driver's bucket seat with power lumbar support, a three-spoke, leather-wrapped steering wheel, and power windows with front driver's express up/down and front passenger's express up functionality.
LT Leather: The LT Leather adds luxury features to the LT Cloth, such as: Surround Vision with Bird's-Eye View, side blind zone and rear cross-traffic alert, rear park assist, twenty-inch machined aluminum-alloy wheels, an eight-inch Chevrolet MyLink infotainment system with GPS navigation, Apple CarPlay, and Android Auto, a ten-speaker Bose premium audio system, leather-trimmed seating surfaces, an enhanced driver information center with a 4.2-inch color display, a six-way, power-adjustable front passenger's bucket seat with power lumbar support, heated dual front bucket seats, a 120-volt AC rear power outlet, and HomeLink.
Premier: The Premier is the "luxury" model of the Traverse, and adds the following features to the LT Leather: a dual-outlet exhaust system with rectangular exhaust tips, LED "D-Optic" projector-beam front headlamps, exterior color-keyed, power-adjustable, heated manually-folding exterior side view mirrors, exterior color-keyed body side molding with chrome inserts, chrome exterior door handles, twenty-inch Argent Metallic-finished aluminum-alloy wheels, a hands-free power tailgate with Chevrolet emblem projection, a driver's memory system, a power tilt-and-telescopic steering column, a heated leather-wrapped steering wheel, perforated leather-trimmed seating surfaces with heated and ventilated dual front bucket seats, heated second-row rear captain's chairs, and wireless charging for compatible devices.
High Country: The High Country is the top-of-the-line Traverse trim level, and adds the following features to the Premier, such as: standard All Wheel Drive, a tow package, IntelliBeam automatic front high beam assist, forward collision warning and lane departure warning, adaptive cruise control with autonomous emergency braking, twenty-inch polished aluminum-alloy wheels, a SkyScape panoramic moonroof, and a power-folding third-row 60/40 split rear bench seat.
There are also two appearance packages available on the 2nd generation Traverse:
RS: Based on the LT trim with leather seating adds black bowties, Black Ice grille and foglamp bezel, 20 inch Dark Android-painted aluminum wheels, Gloss Black window trims, and Black roof rails. The RS also has a turbocharged four-cylinder engine instead of the 3.6L V6 gasoline engine vs other trim levels.
Redline Edition: Available on the Premier in the following exterior colors only (Iridescent Pearl Tricoat, Mosaic Black Metallic, Silver Ice Metallic, and Summit White), adds dual SkyScape panoramic moonroof, black-chromed mirrorcaps and door handles, 20 inch gloss black wheels with red stripes, black bowties with red and black badging, Black Ice grille and foglamp bezel, gloss black window trim, black roof rails, smoked dark tailamps, and black-painted lower moldings with black ice inserts. Also the Driver Confidence II package is also required for the Redline.[18]
At time of introduction, the 2018 Chevrolet Traverse is available exclusively with a 3.6L V6 gasoline engine with Stop-Start technology, and a nine-speed automatic transmission. Future engine and transmission options (one of which includes a turbocharged four-cylinder engine) may become available for the Traverse in the future. The RS Model will also be available after introduction, based on one of the LT trim levels, as will a new Redline Edition based on the Premier trim level (see above for appearance package content).
Sales in the United States[edit]
Year
Sales
2008 9,456[19]
2009[20] 91,074
2010[21] 106,744
2011[22] 107,131
2012 85,606
2013 96,467[23]
2014 103,943
2015[24] 119,945
2016[25] 116,701
2017[26] 123,506
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "Midsize SUV Traverse". 2017.
Jump up ^ "Midsize SUV Traverse". 2017.
Jump up ^ "2009 Chevrolet Traverse" (Press release). GM. 2008-06-09. Retrieved 2009-10-16.
Jump up ^ "2009 Chevrolet Traverse, with Enhanced Powertrain, Delivers Efficient, Responsive and Safe Driving Experience" (Press release). GM. February 6, 2008.
Jump up ^ "2013 Chevrolet Traverse at the 2012 New York Auto Show - KickingTires". Blogs.cars.com. Retrieved 2012-04-09.
Jump up ^ John Neff RSS feed. "2013 Chevy Traverse debuts with new face, minor tweaks". Autoblog.com. Retrieved 2012-04-09.
Jump up ^ "2014 Chevrolet Traverse Gets One New Feature: RPO Central" from GM Authority (June 18, 2013)
Jump up ^ 2015 Chevrolet Traverse from GM Media (Posted August 2014)
Jump up ^ "2016 Chevrolet Traverse SUV AWD". National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. Retrieved 30 September 2015.
Jump up ^ "2015 Chevrolet Traverse Large SUV / 2008 GMC Acadia SLE 4-door 4wd". IIHS. Retrieved 30 September 2015.
Jump up ^ "The 2018 Chevy Traverse is roomier and looks stronger" from Autoblog (January 9, 2017)
Jump up ^ 2018 Chevrolet Traverse information, specs, details from GM Authority (January 31, 2017)
Jump up ^ "Объявлены российские цены большого кроссовера Chevrolet Traverse". Wroom.ru. 4 April 2018. Retrieved 4 April 2018.
Jump up ^ Is this a new Blazer? Chevy midsize SUV spied inside and out from Autoblog (March 1, 2018)
Jump up ^ “Spy Shots Show New Chevy Crossover Will Be Similar To GMC Acadia” from GM Authority (April 5, 2018)
Jump up ^ Priddle, Alisa (8 January 2017). "2018 CHEVROLET TRAVERSE FIRST LOOK: GOING FOR A TRUCKIER LOOK". Motortrend.com. MotorTrend Magazine. Retrieved 12 April 2018.
Jump up ^ http://www.chevrolet.com/byo-vc/client/en/US/chevrolet/traverse/2018/traverse/trim
Jump up ^ "2018 Chevrolet Traverse Revs Up With Redline Edition" from GM Authority (February 9, 2017)
Jump up ^ "GM Reports 221,983 Deliveries in December; 2,980,688 Vehicles Sold in 2008" (Press release). GM. 2009-01-05. Retrieved 2009-10-16.
Jump up ^ http://media.gm.com/content/Pages/news/us/en/2010/Jan/0105_Dec_Sales/_jcr_content/iconrow/textfile/file.res/Deliveries%20December%2009.xls
Jump up ^ "December 2010 Sales: General Motors - Cheers & Gears Forums". Cheersandgears.com. Retrieved 2011-01-04.
Jump up ^ http://investor.gm.com/sales-production/docs/sales_prod/11_12/DeliveriesDecember2011.pdf[permanent dead link]
Jump up ^ "GM U.S. Deliveries for December 2013" (PDF). General Motors. 2014-01-03. Retrieved 2014-01-13.
Jump up ^ http://media.gm.com/dld/content/Pages/news/us/en/2016/Jan/0105-gmsales/_jcr_content/rightpar/sectioncontainer_0/par/download_0/file.res/GM-Deliveries-December-2015.pdf
Jump up ^ "Chevy Traverse Sales Grow 13.5 Percent To 10,381 Units In December 2016" from GM Authority (January 16, 2017)
Jump up ^ http://media.gm.com/dld/content/Pages/news/us/en/2018/jan/0103-gmsales/_jcr_content/rightpar/sectioncontainer_0/par/download_0/file.res/Deliveries-December-2017.pdf
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Chevrolet Traverse.
Official Chevrolet Traverse website
Edmunds InsideLine: 2008 Chicago Auto Show: 2009 Chevrolet Traverse
Chevy Traverse wins SEAMO 2009 Family Car of the Year Award
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South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation
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South Asian Association
for Regional Cooperation (SAARC)[show]
Bengali:
দক্ষিণ এশীয় আঞ্চলিক সহযোগিতা সংস্থা
Dari:
اتحادیه همکاری‌های منطقه‌ای جنوب آسی
Dzongkha:
༄ ལྷོ ཨེསིཨ་ རེ་གིཨོནལ་ ཅོཨོཔེརཏིཨོན་ ཀོ་མི་ཏི།
Hindi:
दक्षिण एशियाई क्षेत्रीय सहयोग संगठन
Maldivian:
ދެކުނު އޭޝިޔާގެ ސަރަޙައްދީ އެއްބާރުލުމުގެ ޖަމިއްޔާ
Nepali:
दक्षिण एशियाली क्षेत्रीय सहयोग सङ्गठन
Pashto:
د سویلي اسیا لپاره د سیمه ایزی همکارۍ ټولنه
Sinhalese:
දකුණු ආසියාතික කලාපීය සහයෝගිතා සංවිධානය
Tamil:
தெற்காசிய நாடுகளின் பிராந்தியக் கூட்டமைப்பு
Urdu:
جنوبی ایشیائی علاقائی تعاون کی تنظیم
Logo
Member states
Observer states
Headquarters
Kathmandu
Official languages
English
Demonym
South Asian
Member states
8 members[show]
Afghanistan
Bangladesh
Bhutan
India
Maldives
Nepal
Pakistan
Sri Lanka
9 observers[show]
Australia
China
EU
Iran
Japan
Mauritius
Myanmar
South Korea
United States
Leaders
• Secretary-General
Amjad B. Hussain [1]
Establishment
8 December 1985
Area
• Total
5,099,611 km2 (1,968,971 sq mi) (7th)
• Water (%)
6.8
Population
• 2015 estimate
1,713,870,000[2] (1st)
• Density
336.1/km2 (870.5/sq mi)
GDP (PPP)
2015 estimate
• Total
US$9.9 trillion [3] (3rd)
GDP (nominal)
2015 estimate
• Total
US$ 2.9 trillion[3] (5th)
Currency
8 currencies[show]
Afghani (AFN)
Taka (৳) (BDT)
Ngultrum (BTN)
Rupee (₹) (INR)
Rufiyaa (MVR)
Rupee (NPR)
Rupee (PKR)
Rupee (LKR)
Time zone
(UTC+4:30 to +6)
Calling code
8 codes[show]
+880
+91
+92
+93
+94
+960
+975
+977
Internet TLD
.asia[a]
Website
www.saarc-sec.org
The South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) is the regional intergovernmental organization and geopolitical union of nations in South Asia. Its member states include Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Nepal, the Maldives, Pakistan and Sri Lanka. SAARC comprises 3% of the world's area, 21% of the world's population and 3.8% (US$2.9 trillion)[3] of the global economy, as of 2015.
SAARC was founded in Dhaka on 8 December 1985.[4] Its secretariat is based in Kathmandu, Nepal. The organization promotes development of economic and regional integration.[5] It launched the South Asian Free Trade Area in 2006. SAARC maintains permanent diplomatic relations at the United Nations as an observer and has developed links with multilateral entities, including the European Union.
Contents
[hide]
1 Historical background
2 Members and observers
2.1 Members
2.2 Observers
2.3 Potential future members
3 Secretariat
3.1 Regional Centres
4 Apex and Recognised Bodies
5 Political issues
6 South Asian Free Trade Area
7 SAARC Visa Exemption Scheme
8 Awards
8.1 SAARC Award
8.2 SAARC Literary Award
8.3 SAARC Youth Award
9 Anthem
10 Secretaries-General of SAARC
11 SAARC summits
12 Current leaders of SAARC
13 See also
14 Notes
15 References
16 External links
Historical background[edit]
A clickable Euler diagram showing the relationships between various Asian regional organisations v • d • e
The idea of co-operation in South Asia was discussed in at least three conferences: the Asian Relations Conference held in New Delhi on April 1947; the Baguio Conference in the Philippines on May 1950; and the Colombo Powers Conference held in Sri Lanka in April 1954.[6]
In the ending years of the 1970s, the seven inner South Asian nations that included Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka agreed upon the creation of a trade bloc and to provide a platform for the people of South Asia to work together in a spirit of friendship, trust, and understanding. President Ziaur Rahman later addressed official letters to the leaders of the countries of the South Asia, presenting his vision for the future of the region and the compelling arguments for region.[7] During his visit to India in December 1977, Rahman discussed the issue of regional cooperation with the Indian Prime Minister, Morarji Desai. In the inaugural speech to the Colombo Plan Consultative Committee which met in Kathmandu also in 1977, King Birendra of Nepal gave a call for close regional cooperation among South Asian countries in sharing river waters.[8] After the USSR's intervention in Afghanistan, the efforts to establish the union was accelerated in 1979 and the resulting rapid deterioration of South Asian security situation.[8] Responding to Rahman and Birendra's convention, the officials of the foreign ministries of the seven countries met for the first time in Colombo in April 1981.[8] The Bangladeshi proposal was promptly endorsed by Nepal, Sri Lanka, Bhutan, and the Maldives but India and Pakistan were sceptical initially.[8] The Indian concern was the proposal’s reference to the security matters in South Asia and feared that Rahman's proposal for a regional organisation might provide an opportunity for new smaller neighbours to renationalise all bilateral issues and to join with each other to form an opposition against India. Pakistan assumed that it might be an Indian strategy to organise the other South Asian countries against Pakistan and ensure a regional market for Indian products, thereby consolidating and further strengthening India’s economic dominance in the region.[8]
However, after a series of diplomatic consultations headed by Bangladesh between South Asian U.N. representatives at the UN headquarters in New York, from September 1979 to 1980, it was agreed that Bangladesh would prepare the draft of a working paper for discussion among the foreign secretaries of South Asian countries.[8] The foreign secretaries of the inner seven countries again delegated a Committee of the Whole in Colombo on September 1981, which identified five broad areas for regional cooperation. New areas of co-operation were added in the following years.[9]
In 1983, the international conference held in Dhaka by its Ministry of Foreign Affairs, the foreign ministers of the inner seven countries adopted the Declaration on South Asian Association Regional Cooperation (SAARC) and formally launched the Integrated Programme of Action (IPA) initially in five agreed areas of cooperation namely, Agriculture; Rural Development; Telecommunications; Meteorology; and Health and Population Activities.[10]
Officially, the union was established in Dhaka with Kathmandu being union's secretariat-general.[11] The first SAARC summit was held in Dhaka on 7–8 December 1985 and hosted by the President of Bangladesh Hussain Ershad.[12] The declaration signed by King of Bhutan Jigme Singye Wangchuk, President of Pakistan Zia-ul-Haq, Prime Minister of India Rajiv Gandhi, King of Nepal Birendra Shah, President of Sri Lanka JR Jayewardene, and President of Maldives Maumoon Gayoom.[12]
Members and observers[edit]
Economic data is sourced from the International Monetary Fund, current as of April 2015, and is given in US dollars.[13]
Members[edit]
Country
Population[14] (2016)
GDP
(Nominal)
GDP
(PPP)
GDP per Capita
(PPP)
GDP Growth Rate
(2014)
Exports
(2014)
Foreign Direct Investment
(2013)
Foreign Exchange Reserves(million)
Defense Budget(% of GDP)
(2014)[15]
Literacy Rate(Given Age & above)
Life Expectancy
Population below Poverty Line
Primary School Enrollment [16]
Secondary School enrollment [17]
Population undernourished(%)
(2015)[18]
Human
Development
Index
Democracy
Index
Global
Terrorism
Index
G20
BRICS
BIMSTEC
IORA
APTA
BBIN
SASEC
AIIB
ACU
ACD
ADB
World Bank
Nuclear Weapons
Afghanistan 34,656,032 $21.3 bn $63.5 bn $1,976 3.2% $0.3 bn N/A $6,442 N/A 28.1%(Age 15) 60 15.8% N/A 54% 26.8% 0.465
(171)
2.77
(147)
9.233
(2)
✖ ✖ ✖ ✖ ✖ ✖ ✖ ✖ ✖ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✖
Bangladesh 162,951,560 $205.3 bn $572.6 bn $3,581 6.2% $31.2 bn $0.66 bn $24,072 $2.2 bn(1.2%) 57.7%(Age 15) 70 31.5% 92% 54% 16.4% 0.570
(142)
5.73
(86)
0
(124)
✖ ✖ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✖
Bhutan 797,765 $2.2 bn $6.3 bn $8,158 6.4% $0.7 bn $63 mln N/A N/A 52.8%(age 15) 68 23.7% 91% 78% N/A 0.605
(132)
4.93
(101)
0.305
(107)
✖ ✖ ✔ ✖ ✖ ✔ ✔ ✖ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✖
India 1,324,171,354 $2308.0 bn $7996.6 bn $6,266 7.3% $464.0 bn $31.0 bn $351,557 $45 bn(1.9%) 74.4%(age 15) 67 21.9% 94% 69% 15.2% 0.609
(130)
7.74
(35)
4.222
(39)
✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔
Maldives 427,756 $3.0 bn $5.2 bn $14,980 4.5% $0.28 bn N/A $356 N/A 99%(age 15) 77 16% N/A N/A 5.2% 0.706
(104)
__ __ ✖ ✖ ✖ ✖ ✖ ✖ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✖ ✔ ✔ ✖
Nepal 28,982,771 $21.6 bn $70.7 bn $2,488 5.5% $1.0 bn $10 mln $5,439 N/A 66%(age 15) 68 25.2% 98% 67% 7.8% 0.548
(145)
4.77
(105)
4.791
(32)
✖ ✖ ✔ ✖ ✖ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✖
Pakistan 193,203,476 $250 bn $928.0bn $4,886 4.2% $25.1 bn $0.709 bn(2014) $16,305 $7.4 bn(3.5%) 55%(age 15) 66 22.6% 72% 34% 22% 0.538
(147)
4.40
(112)
10
(1)
✖ ✖ ✖ ✖ ✖ ✖ ✖ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔
Sri Lanka 20,798,492 $80.4 bn $233.7 bn $11,068 7% $11.8 bn $0.9 bn $8,314 $1.4 bn(2.3%) 98.1%(age 15) 75 8.9% 94% 99% 22% 0.756
(73)
6.42
(69)
4.077
(42)
✖ ✖ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✖ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✖
The member states are Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka.[19]
SAARC was founded by seven states in 1985. In 2005, Afghanistan began negotiating their accession to SAARC and formally applied for membership on the same year.[20][21] The issue of Afghanistan joining SAARC generated a great deal of debate in each member state, including concerns about the definition of South Asian identity because Afghanistan is a Central Asian country.[22]
The SAARC member states imposed a stipulation for Afghanistan to hold a general election; the non-partisan elections were held in late 2005.[22] Despite initial reluctance and internal debates, Afghanistan joined SAARC as its eighth member state in April 2007.[22][23]
Observers[edit]
States with observer status include[24] Australia,[25] China, the European Union,[26] Iran, Japan,[26] Mauritius,[27] Myanmar, South Korea and the United States.[28]
On 2 August 2006, the foreign ministers of the SAARC countries agreed in principle to grant observer status to three applicants;[29] the US and South Korea (both made requests in April 2006),[29] as well as the European Union (requested in July 2006).[30] On 4 March 2007, Iran requested observer status,[31] followed shortly by Mauritius.
Potential future members[edit]
Myanmar has expressed interest in upgrading its status from an observer to a full member of SAARC.[32] Russia has applied for observer status membership of SAARC.[33][34][35] Turkey applied for observer status membership of SAARC in 2012.[33][34][35] South Africa has participated in meetings.[36]
Secretariat[edit]
Secretariat of the South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation in Kathmandu, Nepal
The SAARC Secretariat was established in Kathmandu on 16 January 1987 and was inaugurated by Late King Birendra Bir Bikram Shah of Nepal.[37]
Regional Centres[edit]
The SAARC Secretariat is supported by following Regional Centres established in the Member States to promote regional co-operation. These Centres are managed by Governing Boards comprising representatives from all the Member States, SAARC Secretary-General and the Ministry of Foreign/External Affairs of the Host Government. The Director of the Centre acts as Member Secretary to the Governing Board which reports to the Programming Committee. After 31 December 2015, there 6 regional centers were stopped by unanimous decision. These are SMRC, SFC, SDC, SCZMC, SIC, SHRDC.[38]
Regional Centre
Location
Country
Website
SAARC Agricultural Centre (SAC) Dhaka Bangladesh Official website
SAARC Meteorological Research Centre (SMRC) STOPPED Dhaka Bangladesh
SAARC Forestry Centre (SFC) STOPPED Thimphu Bhutan
SAARC Development Fund (SDF) Thimphu Bhutan Official website
SAARC Documentation Centre (SDC) STOPPED New Delhi India
SAARC Disaster Management Centre (SDMC) Gandhinagar India Official website
SAARC Coastal Zone Management Centre (SCZMC) STOPPED Malé Maldives
SAARC Information Centre (SIC) STOPPED Kathmandu Nepal
SAARC Tuberculosis and HIV/AIDS Centre (STAC) Kathmandu Nepal Official website
SAARC Human Resources Development Centre (SHRDC) STOPPED Islamabad Pakistan
SAARC Energy Centre (SEC) Islamabad Pakistan Official website
SAARC Cultural Centre (SCC) Colombo Sri Lanka Official website
Apex and Recognised Bodies[edit]
SAARC has six Apex Bodies,[39] they are-
SAARC Chamber of Commerce & Industry (SCCI),
South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARCLAW),[40]
South Asian Federation of Accountants (SAFA),
South Asia Foundation (SAF),
South Asia Initiative to End Violence Against Children (SAIEVAC),
Foundation of SAARC Writers and Literature (FOSWAL)
Amjad Hussain B Sial is the current Secretary General of SAARC.
SAARC also has about 17 recognised bodies.[39]
Political issues[edit]
Lasting peace and prosperity in the Indian subcontinent has been elusive because of the various ongoing conflicts in the region. Political dialogue is often conducted on the margins of SAARC meetings which have refrained from interfering in the internal matters of its member states.[41] During the 12th and 13th SAARC summits, extreme emphasis was laid upon greater cooperation between the SAARC members to fight terrorism.[42][43]
The 19th SAARC summit scheduled to be held in Pakistan was called off as India, Bangladesh, Bhutan and Afghanistan decided to boycott it.[44][45] It was for the first time that four countries boycotted a SAARC summit, leading to its cancellation.[46][47]
South Asian Free Trade Area[edit]
Countries under the South Asian Free Trade Area
SAFTA was envisaged primarily as the first step towards the transition to a South Asian Free Trade Area (SAFTA) leading subsequently towards a Customs Union, Common Market and the Economic Union. In 1995, the Sixteenth session of the Council of Ministers (New Delhi, 18–19 December 1995) agreed on the need to strive for the realisation of SAFTA and to this end an Inter-Governmental Expert Group (IGEG) was set up in 1996 to identify the necessary steps for progressing to a free trade area. The Tenth SAARC Summit (Colombo, 29–31 July 1998) decided to set up a Committee of Experts (COE) to draft a comprehensive treaty framework for creating a free trade area within the region, taking into consideration the asymmetries in development within the region and bearing in mind the need to fix realistic and achievable targets.
The SAFTA Agreement was signed on 6 January 2004 during Twelfth SAARC Summit held in Islamabad, Pakistan. The Agreement entered into force on 1 January 2006, and the Trade Liberalisation Programme commenced from 1 July 2006. Under this agreement, SAARC members will bring their duties down to 20 percent by 2009. Following the Agreement coming into force the SAFTA Ministerial Council (SMC) has been established comprising the Commerce Ministers of the Member States.[48] In 2012 the SAARC exports increased substantially to US$354.6 billion from US$206.7 billion in 2009. Imports too increased from US$330 billion to US$602 billion over the same period. But the intra-SAARC trade amounts to just a little over 1% of SAARC's GDP. In contrast, in ASEAN (which is actually smaller than SAARC in terms of the size of the economy) the intra-bloc trade stands at 10% of its GDP.
SAFTA was envisaged to gradually move towards South Asian Economic Union, but the current intra-regional trade and investment relation are not encouraging and it may be difficult to achieve this target. The SAARC intra-regional trade stands at just five per cent on the share of intra-regional trade in overall trade in South Asia. Similarly, foreign direct investment is also dismal. The intra-regional FDI flow stands at around four per cent of the total foreign investment.[49]
The Asian Development Bank has estimated that inter-regional trade in SAARC region possessed potential of shooting up agricultural exports by $14 billion per year from existing level of $8 billion to $22 billion.The study by Asian Development Bank states that against the potential average SAARC intra-regional trade of $22 billion per year, the actual trade in South Asia has been only around $8 billion. The uncaptured potential for intra-regional trade is therefore $14 billion per year, i.e. 68%.[50][51]
SAARC Visa Exemption Scheme[edit]
The SAARC Visa Exemption Scheme was launched in 1992. The leaders at the Fourth Summit (Islamabad, 29–31 December 1988), while realising the importance of having people to people contacts, among the peoples of SAARC countries, decided that certain categories of dignitaries should be entitled to a Special Travel document, which would exempt them from visas within the region. As directed by the Summit, the Council of Ministers regularly kept under review the list of entitled categories. Currently, the list included 24 categories of entitled persons, which include Dignitaries, Judges of higher courts, Parliamentarians, Senior Officials, Businessmen, Journalists, Sportsmen etc. The Visa Stickers are issued by the respective Member States to the entitled categories of that particular country. The validity of the Visa Sticker is generally for one year. The implementation is reviewed regularly by the Immigration Authorities of SAARC Member States.[52]
Awards[edit]
SAARC Award[edit]
The Twelfth Summit approved the SAARC Award to support individuals and organisations within the region. The main aims of the SAARC Award are:
To encourage individuals and organisations based in South Asia to undertake programmes and activities that complement the efforts of SAARC
To encourage individuals and organisations in South Asia contributing to bettering the conditions of women and children
To honour outstanding contributions and achievements of individuals and organisations within the region in the fields of peace, development, poverty alleviation, environment protection and regional cooperation
To honour any other contributions and achievement not covered above of individuals and organisations in the region.
The SAARC Award consists of a gold medal, a letter of citation, and cash prize of US $25,000 (₹15 lakhs). Since the institution of the SAARC Award in 2004, it has been awarded only once and the Award was posthumously conferred upon the late President Ziaur Rahman of Bangladesh.[53]
SAARC Literary Award[edit]
Recipients of SAARC Literary Award 2013
The SAARC Literary Award is an annual award conferred by the Foundation of SAARC Writers and Literature (FOSWAL) since 2001[54][55] which is an apex SAARC body.[56] Shamshur Rahman, Mahasweta Devi, Jayanta Mahapatra, Abhi Subedi, Mark Tully, Sitakant Mahapatra, Uday Prakash, Suman Pokhrel and Abhay K are some of the prominent recipients of this award.[57]
Nepali poet, lyricist and translator Suman Pokhrel is the only poet/writer to get this award twice.[58]
SAARC Youth Award[edit]
The SAARC Youth Award is awarded to outstanding individuals from the SAARC region. The award is notable because of the recognition it gives to the Award winner in the SAARC region. The award is based on specific themes which apply to each year. The award recognises and promotes the commitment and talent of the youth who give back to the world at large through various initiatives such as Inventions, Protection of the Environment and Disaster relief. The recipients who receive this award are ones who have dedicated their lives to their individual causes to improve situations in their own countries as well as paving a path for the SAARC region to follow. The Committee for the SAARC Youth Award selects the best candidate based on his/her merits and their decision is final.[59]
Previous Winners:
1997: Outstanding Social Service in Community Welfare – Mohammed Sukur Salek (Bangladesh)
1998: New Inventions and Shanu — Najmul Hasnain Shah (Pakistan)
2001: Creative Photography: South Asian Diversity – Mushfiqul Alam (Bangladesh)
2002: Outstanding contribution to protect the Environment – Masil Khan (Pakistan)
2003: Invention in the Field of Traditional Medicine – Hassan Sher (Pakistan)
2004: Outstanding contribution to raising awareness of TB and/or HIV/AIDS – Ajij Prasad Poudyal (Nepal)
2006: Promotion of Tourism in South Asia – Syed Zafar Abbas Naqvi (Pakistan)
2008: Protecting the Environment in South Asia – Uswatta Liyanage Deepani Jayantha (Sri Lanka)
2009: Outstanding contribution to humanitarian works in the aftermath of Natural Disasters – Ravikant Singh (India)
2010: Outstanding contribution for the Protection of Environment and mitigation of Climate Change – Anoka Primrose Abeyrathne (Sri Lanka)
Anthem[edit]
SAARC does not have an official anthem like some other regional organisations (e.g. ASEAN).[60] A poem by poet-diplomat Abhay Kumar spurred a search for a better SAARC anthem.[61] Nepal's foreign minister has expressed the need for an SAARC anthem to connect SAARC nations.[62] Nepal at the 18th summit in Kathmandu in November 2014 planned to introduce proposal for an SAARC Anthem in the agenda of summit when heads of all member states meet here.[60]
Secretaries-General of SAARC[edit]
#
Name
Country
Took office
Left office
1 Abul Ahsan Bangladesh 16 January 1985 15 October 1989
2 Kant Kishore Bhargava India 17 October 1989 31 December 1991
3 Ibrahim Hussein Zaki Maldives 1 January 1992 31 December 1993
4 Yadav Kant Silwal Nepal 1 January 1994 31 December 1995
5 Naeem U. Hasan Pakistan 1 January 1996 31 December 1998
6 Nihal Rodrigo Sri Lanka 1 January 1999 10 January 2002
7 Q. A. M. A. Rahim Bangladesh 11 January 2002 28 February 2005
8 Chenkyab Dorji Bhutan 1 March 2005 29 February 2008
9 Sheel Kant Sharma India 1 March 2008 28 February 2011
10 Fathimath Dhiyana Saeed Maldives 1 March 2011 11 March 2012
11 Ahmed Saleem Maldives 12 March 2012 28 February 2014
12 Arjun Bahadur Thapa Nepal 1 March 2014 28 February 2017
13 Amjad Hussain B Sial Pakistan 1 March 2017 Incumbent
SAARC summits[edit]
Main article: List of SAARC summits
No
Date
Country
Host
Host leader
1st 7–8 December 1985 Bangladesh Dhaka Ataur Rahman Khan
2nd 16–17 November 1986 India Bengaluru Rajiv Gandhi
3rd 2–4 November 1987 Nepal Kathmandu Marich Man Singh Shrestha
4th 29–31 December 1988 Pakistan Islamabad Benazir Bhutto
5th 21–23 November 1990 Maldives Malé Maumoon Abdul Gayoom
6th 21 December 1991 Sri Lanka Colombo Ranasinghe Premadasa
7th 10–11 April 1993 Bangladesh Dhaka Khaleda Zia
8th 2–4 May 1995 India New Delhi P V Narasimha Rao
9th 12–14 May 1997 Maldives Malé Maumoon Abdul Gayoom
10th 29–31 July 1998 Sri Lanka Colombo Chandrika Kumaratunga
11th 4–6 January 2002 Nepal Kathmandu Sher Bahadur Deuba
12th 2–6 January 2004 Pakistan Islamabad Zafarullah Khan Jamali
13th 12–13 November 2005 Bangladesh Dhaka Khaleda Zia
14th 3–4 April 2007 India New Delhi Manmohan Singh
15th 1–3 August 2008 Sri Lanka Colombo Mahinda Rajapaksa
16th 28–29 April 2010 Bhutan Thimphu Jigme Thinley
17th 10–11 November 2011[63] Maldives Addu Mohammed Nasheed
18th 26–27 November 2014[64] Nepal Kathmandu Sushil Koirala
19th 9–10 November 2016 Pakistan Islamabad Cancelled
20th TBA
Current leaders of SAARC[edit]
Afghanistan
President Ashraf Ghani
Bangladesh
Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina
Bhutan
Prime Minister Tshering Tobgay
India
Prime Minister Narendra Modi
Maldives
President Abdulla Yameen
Nepal
Prime Minister Sher Bahadur Deuba
Sri Lanka
President Maithripala Sirisena
Pakistan
Prime Minister Shahid Khaqan Abbasi
See also[edit]
SAARC portal
India portal
Nepal portal
ASEAN and India's Look-East connectivity projects
Asia Cooperation Dialogue
Bangladesh Bhutan India Nepal Initiative
BIMSTEC
Indian-Ocean Rim Association
List of SAARC summits
Mekong–Ganga Cooperation
SAARC satellite
South Asian University
South Asia Subregional Economic Cooperation
Notes[edit]
Jump up ^ .asia is representative of all of Asia; member states also have their own TLDs.
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "CURRICULUM VITAE OFH. E. MR. AMJAD HUSSAIN B. SIAL SECRETARY GENERAL OF SAARC". SAARC Secretariat. Retrieved 12 October 2017.
Jump up ^ "World Urbanization Prospects — Population Division — United Nations". un.org.
^ Jump up to: a b c "Report for Selected Countries and Subjects". imf.org.
Jump up ^ "Rest in peace SAARC: The tug of war between India and Pakistan".
Jump up ^ "Charter of SAARC". SAARC Secretariat. Retrieved 10 November 2013.
Jump up ^ http://jang.com.pk/important_events/saarc_2004/history.html
Jump up ^ "History and mission of SAARC". Daily News. Colombo. 1 August 2008. Retrieved 10 November 2013.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f Muhammad, Jamshed Iqbal. "SAARC: Origin, Growth, Potential and Achievements" (PDF). National Institute of Historical and Cultural Research in Islamabad. Retrieved 11 November 2013.
Jump up ^ "A Brief on SAARC." South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation. No date. See for a complete historical account of SAARC e.g. Michael, Arndt (2013). India's Foreign Policy and Regional Multilateralism (Palgrave Macmillan), pp. 57–112.
Jump up ^ "History and Evolution of SAARC". Jang Media Research Unit. Retrieved 11 November 2013.
Jump up ^ "About SAARC". SAARC Secretariat. Retrieved 11 November 2013.
^ Jump up to: a b "1st Summit Declaration" (PDF). SAARC Secretariat. Retrieved 10 November 2013.
Jump up ^ "Report for Selected Countries and Subjects". imf.org.
Jump up ^ "World Population Prospects: The 2017 Revision". ESA.UN.org (custom data acquired via website). United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division. Retrieved 10 September 2017.
Jump up ^ "The World Factbook". cia.gov.
Jump up ^ "Net enrolment rate, primary, both sexes (%) - Data". worldbank.org.
Jump up ^ "Gross enrolment ratio, secondary, both sexes (%) - Data". worldbank.org.
Jump up ^ UN
Jump up ^ "South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation". SAARC Secretariat. Retrieved 27 June 2014.
Jump up ^ "Afghanistan keen to join SAARC". rediff web services. 28 August 2005. Retrieved 11 November 2013.
Jump up ^ "Afghanistan inducted as 8th member: 14th Saarc summit begins". Dawn. 4 April 2004. Retrieved 11 November 2013.
^ Jump up to: a b c Sáez, Lawrence (2012). The South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC): An emerging collaboration architecture. Abingdon, Oxon: Routledge. pp. 58–. ISBN 978-1-136-67108-1.
Jump up ^ "South Asia: Afghanistan Joins World's Largest Regional Grouping." Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty, 3 April 2007.
Jump up ^ "Cooperation with Observers". SAARC Secretariat. Retrieved 8 March 2014.
Jump up ^ "Sri Lanka, 7 - 30 - 2008: Australia and Myanmar to admit as SAARC observers - Sri Lanka official". ColomboPage.
^ Jump up to: a b thehimalayantimes.com Archived 9 February 2009 at the Wayback Machine.
Jump up ^ "The Island-News". island.lk.
Jump up ^ "Cooperation with Observers". SAARC Secretariat. Retrieved 16 November 2012.
^ Jump up to: a b "SAARC to grant observer status to US, S Korea, EU." Hindustan Times. 2 August 2006.
Jump up ^ Waliur Rahman. "US and S Korea to observe SAARC." BBC News, 11 April 2008.
Jump up ^ "Iran requests for observer status in SAARC". China Daily. 4 March 2007.
Jump up ^ SAARC and Myanmar: Observer Research Foundation
^ Jump up to: a b "Russia, Turkey seek observer status in SAARC". The Economic Times. IANS. 16 February 2014.
^ Jump up to: a b SAARC The Changing Dimensions: UNU-CRIS Working Papers United Nations University Archived 20 October 2013 at the Wayback Machine., Comparative Regional Integration Studies
^ Jump up to: a b Russia keen to join SAARC as observer, Oneindia News
Jump up ^ "SAARC nations call for transparency in social sector". thaindian.com.
Jump up ^ "Features | Online edition of Daily News - Lakehouse Newspapers". archives.dailynews.lk. Retrieved 2017-06-05.
Jump up ^ http://saarc-sec.org/saarc-regional-centres
^ Jump up to: a b "South Asian Association For Regional Cooperation — Apex and Recognised Bodies". saarc-sec.org.
Jump up ^ "SAARCLAW — South Asian Association for Regional Co-operation in Law". saarclaw.org.
Jump up ^ See for this aspect Michael, Arndt (2013). Sovereignty vs. Security: SAARC and its Role in the Regional Security Architecture in South Asia. Harvard Asia Quarterly Summer 2013, Vol. VX, No.2: 37-45
Jump up ^ Jhawar, Shiv (2004). Building a Noble World. p. 44. ISBN 978-0-9749197-0-6.
Jump up ^ "The Nobel Peace Prize for 2012". Retrieved 12 October 2012.
Jump up ^ https://www.geo.tv/latest/116144-SAARC-conference-in-Pakistan-postponed-confirm-official-sources
Jump up ^ http://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-news-india/dhaka-kabul-thimphu-too-blame-islamabad-saarc-summit-to-be-called-off-3054953/
Jump up ^ http://www.hindustantimes.com/world-news/saarc-summit-collapses-after-india-and-3-other-members-pull-out/story-kIMWfSqirGLzB6MEfuS3CN.html
Jump up ^ http://www.dawn.com/news/1286684
Jump up ^ "South Asian Association For Regional Cooperation — Area of Cooperation". saarc-sec.org.
Jump up ^ http://thehimalayantimes.com/business/safta-meet-likely-next-month/
Jump up ^ https://www.thenews.com.pk/print/142861-ADB-urges-Safta-to-exploit-rich-trade-potential-of-member-countries
Jump up ^ http://www.thehindu.com/opinion/op-ed/Coming-closer-together-for-trade/article14628676.ece
Jump up ^ "South Asian Association For Regional Cooperation — SAARC Visa Exemption Scheme". saarc-sec.org.
Jump up ^ "South Asian Association For Regional Cooperation — SAARC Award". saarc-sec.org.
Jump up ^ [1] FOSWAL Website
Jump up ^ [2] Five Writers honoured at SAARC Litearure Festival, Hindustan Times 11 March 2013
Jump up ^ [3] Official website of SAARC:Apex and Recognized Bodies
Jump up ^ Mahasweta Devi to get SAARC Literary Award Oneindia.in 30 March 2007
Jump up ^ Hindustan Times, New Delhi, Saturday, 14 February 2015
Jump up ^ http://saarc-sec.org/SAARC-Youth-Award/71/
^ Jump up to: a b Will SAARC have an anthem like ASEAN? Hindustan Times, 3 November 2014
Jump up ^ Indian diplomat's poem spurs search for SAARC anthem IANS 9 January 2014
Jump up ^ Nepal foreign minister expresses need for an anthem to connect SAARC nations Business Standard, 6 June 2014
Jump up ^ "Maldives holiday reviews — Travel Guides — Maldives Traveller". maldivestraveller.mv.
Jump up ^ "Press Releases, 18th SAARC Summit Declaration, November 27, 2014". SAARC. Retrieved 2 December 2015.
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation.
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Member states   Observer states

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values: Jihoasijské sdružení pro regionální spolupráci – Czech

values: South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation – Danish

values: Südasiatische Vereinigung für regionale Kooperation – German

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