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Storey
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For the bottom floor of a building with no basement, see Solid ground floor. For other uses, see Storey (disambiguation).
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A storey plan
A storey (British English) or story (American English)[1] is any level part of a building with a floor that could be used by people (for living, work, storage, recreation). The plurals are "storeys" and "stories", respectively.
The terms "floor", "level", or "deck" are used in a similar way, except that it is usual to talk of a "24-storey building", but "the 13th floor". The floor at ground or street level is called the "ground floor" in many places.[2] The words "storey" and "floor" exclude levels of the building that are not covered by a roof, such as the terrace on the top roof of many buildings.
Contents
[hide]
1 Overview
2 Numbering
2.1 Consecutive number floor designations
2.2 European scheme
2.3 Canadian schemes
2.4 Latin American schemes
2.5 East Asian schemes
2.6 Hawaiian scheme
2.7 Idiosyncrasies
3 Lift/elevator buttons
3.1 European scheme
3.2 North American scheme
3.3 Subterranean floors
3.4 Half-height/split-level parking garages
3.5 Other labels
4 Room numbering
4.1 Portugal
5 See also
6 References
7 External links
Overview[edit]
Houses commonly have only one or two floors. Buildings are often classified as low-rise, mid-rise and high-rise according to how many levels they contain, but these categories are not well-defined. A single-storey house is often referred to, particularly in the United Kingdom, as a bungalow. The tallest skyscraper in the world, Burj Khalifa, has 163 floors.
The height of each storey is based on the ceiling height of the rooms plus the thickness of the floors between each pane. Generally this is around 10 feet (3.0 m) total; however, it varies widely from just under this figure to well over it. Storeys within a building need not be all the same height—often the lobby is taller, for example. Additionally, higher levels may have less floor area than the ones beneath them (e.g., the Willis Tower).
In English, the principal floor or main floor of a house is the floor that contains the chief apartments; it is usually the ground floor, or the floor above. In Italy the main floor of a home is usually above the ground level, and may be called the piano nobile ("noble floor").
The attic or loft is a storey just below the building's roof; its ceiling is often pitched and/or at a different height than that of other floors. A penthouse is a luxury apartment on the topmost storey of a building. A basement is a storey below the main or ground floor; the first (or only) basement of a home is also called the lower ground floor.
Split-level homes have floors that offset from each other by less than the height of a full storey. A mezzanine, in particular, is typically a floor halfway between the ground floor and the next higher floor. Homes with a split-level entry have the entire main floor raised half a storey height above the street entrance level, and a basement that is half a storey below this level. In Macy's Herald Square, there is a "one-and-a-half" floor between the first and second; this can be considered a split level floor.
There are also multi-storey car parks, also known as parking garages.
Numbering[edit]
Floor numbering is the numbering scheme used for a building's floors. There are two major schemes in use across the world. In one system, used in the majority of European countries, the ground floor is the floor literally at ground level, usually having no number, and identified sometimes as "G" or "0". The next floor up is assigned the number 1 and is the first floor, and so on. The other system, used primarily in the United States and Canada, counts the bottom floor as the first floor, the next floor up as the second floor, and so on.[3] In both systems, the numbering of higher floors continues sequentially as one goes up, as shown in the following table:
Consecutive number floor designations[edit]
Height relative to ground (storeys)
European convention
North American convention
Russian/Soviet convention
Japanese/Korean convention
4 Levels above ground storey 4 ("4th floor") 5 ("5th floor") 5 ("5th floor") 5F or 6F
3 Levels above ground storey 3 ("3rd floor") 4 ("4th floor") 4 ("4th floor") 4F or 5F
2 Levels above ground storey 2 ("2nd floor") 3 ("3rd floor") 3 ("3rd floor") 3F or 4F
1 Level above ground storey 1 ("1st floor") 2 ("2nd floor") 2 ("2nd floor") 2F or 3F
Ground level storey 0, G ("Ground floor") 1, L, G ("1st floor", "Lobby", or "Ground floor") 1 ("1st floor") 1F or 2F
Partially below ground storey LG ("Lower Ground") LL ("Lower Lobby") 0 ("Semi-Basement") GF or 1F
1 Level completely below ground storey −1, B1 ("1st Basement") −1, B1 ("Basement 1" or "Basement") −1, B1 ("1st Basement") B1F
2 Levels completely below ground storey −2, B2 ("2nd Basement") −2, B2 ("Basement 2", or "Sub-basement") −2, B2 ("2nd Basement") B2F
3 Levels completely below ground storey −3, B3 ("3rd Basement") −3, B3 ("Basement 3", or "Sub-sub-basement") −3, B3 ("3rd Basement") B3F
Each scheme has further variations depending on how one refers to the ground floor and the subterranean levels. The existence of two incompatible conventions is a common source of confusion in international communication.
In all English-speaking countries the storeys in a building are counted in the same way: a "seven-storey building" is unambiguous, although the top floor would be called "6th floor" in Britain and "7th floor" in America. Mezzanines may or may not be counted as storeys.[4]
European scheme[edit]
In most of Europe, the "first storey" or "first floor" is the first level above ground level. This scheme is also used in many former British colonies, many Latin American countries (including Argentina, Paraguay, Uruguay, and Brazil),[citation needed] in Hawaii (when using Hawaiian language) and in many of the Commonwealth nations (including Malaysia, except Singapore and most of Canada).
This convention can be traced back to Medieval European usage. In countries that use this system, the floor at ground level is usually referred to by a special name, usually translating as "ground floor" or equivalent. For example, Erdgeschoss ("ground floor") in Germany, piano terra (lit. "ground floor") in Italy, begane grond (lit. "trodden ground") in the Netherlands, planta baja or planta baixa ("bottom floor") in Spain, beheko solairua in Basque, andar térreo ("ground floor") in Brazil, rés-do-chão ("adjacent to the ground") in Portugal, földszint ("ground level") in Hungary (although in Budapest the "fél szint" or "half floor" is an extra level between the ground and first floors, apparently the result of a tax evasion trick in the 19th century), parter (from French par terre, which means "on the ground") in Romania and Poland, prízemie ("by the ground") in Slovakia and pritličje ("close to the ground") in Slovenia. In some countries that use this scheme, the higher floors may be explicitly qualified as being above the ground level, such as in Slovenian "prvo nadstropje" (literally "first upper floor").[citation needed]
In Spain, the level above ground level (the mezzanine) is sometimes called "entresuelo" (entresòl in Catalan, etc., which literally means "interfloor"), and elevators may skip it. The next level is sometimes called "principal". The "first floor" can therefore be three levels above ground level.[citation needed] In Italy, in the ancient palaces the first floor is called piano nobile ("noble floor"), since the noble owners of the palace lived there.
In France, there are two distinct names for storeys in buildings which have two "ground floors" at different levels (on two opposite faces, usually). The lower one is called rez-de-chaussée (lit. "adjacent to the road"), the upper one is rez-de-jardin (lit. "adjacent to the garden"). The same differentiation is used as well in some buildings in Croatia. The lower level is called razizemlje (abbr. RA), and the upper prizemlje (PR). If there's only one ground floor, it's called prizemlje. The latter usage is standard for smaller buildings, such as single-family homes.
Canadian schemes[edit]
The English-speaking parts of Canada generally follow the American convention, where the "first" floor is the floor at the ground level and the floor above it is the "second" floor. Canada, however, uses the spelling "storey", not "story". In Quebec, the European scheme was formerly used (as in France), but by now it has been mostly replaced by the US system, so that rez-de-chaussée and premier étage ("first stage") are now generally equivalent in Quebec. Mexico, on the other hand, uses the European system.
Latin American schemes[edit]
In Latin America, planta baja and primer piso ("first floor"), which are distinct in Spain and Mexico, are equivalent in Chile and Peru, and refer both to the ground-level floor (although primer piso is used mainly for indoor areas, while planta baja is also used for areas outside the building).
East Asian schemes[edit]
Most parts of eastern Asia—including China except for Hong Kong, Japan, Korea, and Singapore—follow this system[vague]. In the grammar of the respective languages, the numbers precede the word "floor", and are cardinals rather than ordinals, so they would translate literally as "1 floor, 2 floor" (etc.), rather than "1st floor, 2nd floor", or "floor 1, floor 2".
In Vietnam, the European scheme is used in the southern part of the country (most notably in the country's largest city, Ho Chi Minh City), but the American scheme is more prevalent in the northern and central regions (including in Hanoi, the capital). Cardinal numbers usually follow the word "floor" (i.e. floor 1, floor 2, or floor 3). The northern Vietnamese system is also used in Indonesia.
In Singapore, the British system of numbering originally prevailed. This was replaced in the 1980s with the North American scheme for compatibility with other Asian countries. To emphasise the difference from the original scheme, reference is frequently made to storeys rather than floors, where the third (3rd) floor becomes either the fourth (4th) storey (or storey 4) or fourth (4th) level (or level 4). Many buildings continue to label storeys or levels rather than floors. However, in the absence of clear official distinction between the terms, the meaning of "floors" and "levels" have become interchangeable with "storey"; this is reflected in newer buildings. Some buildings in Singapore do use SL (Street Level) for ground level.
In Japan and Korea, "Floor 1" (1F) is usually assigned to the lowest floor that is at least partially above the ground level, so occasionally, 1F in these countries corresponds to the "lower ground floor" in the UK. 2F then corresponds to the "ground floor", 3F to the "first floor", and so on. However, some buildings in Japan do adopt the semi-European scheme of floor numbering, with G or GL (Ground Floor/Level) as the lowest floor partially above ground level and its 1F/1L is the lowest floor completely above ground level and so on.
In the Philippines, the American scheme is widely used but some buildings (including Ayala Malls developments and older government offices) adopt the European scheme. The Lower and Upper Ground floor tagging is most used in shopping malls but, though rare, it can be used in office buildings. In these buildings, the word "first floor" means "ikalawang palapag" in Tagalog.
Hawaiian scheme[edit]
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In Hawaii, the Hawaiian-language floor label uses British floor numbering; however, the English-language floor label use American floor numbering. Formerly, the English floor label also used British floor numbering (Ground floor, First floor, Second floor, which in Hawaiian is (Lepo papa, Papa akahi, Papa alua, respectively), but it was also replaced by North American scheme to make it the same as the rest of the US. To emphasise this difference, buildings in Hawaii use"level" rather than "floor". Thus, Lepo papa = Ground floor = Level 1, Papa akahi = First floor = Level 2, etc.
Idiosyncrasies[edit]
Unusual floor numbering that reads B (basement floor), LG (lower ground floor), G, (ground floor), UG (upper ground floor), 1 (first floor), L2 (lower 2nd floor) and 2 (second floor).
A large elevator panel in a North American high-rise omits several floors as well as designating three separate levels as penthouse floors.
Some American high-rise buildings follow the British/European system, often out of a desire on the part of the building's architect or owners.
An arrangement often found in high rise public housing blocks, particularly those built in the United Kingdom during the 1960s and 1970s, is that elevators would only call at half the total number of floors, or at an intermediate level between a pair of floors; for example a lift of a 24-storey building would only stop at 12 levels, with staircases used to access the "upper" or "lower" level from each intermediate landing. This was commonly used as a cost-saving measure to reduce the number of elevator shaft doors.
A few buildings in the United States and Canada have both a "first floor" (usually the main floor of the building) and a "ground floor" below it. This typically happens when both floors have street-level entrances, as is often the case for hillside buildings. In the UK, the lower of these floors would be called the "lower ground floor", while the upper would be called either the "upper ground floor" or simply the "ground floor". Multi-storey car parks which have a staggered arrangement of parking levels sometimes use a convention where there may be an "upper" and "lower" level of the same floor number, (e.g.: "1U/U1" = Upper 1st, "L2/2L" = "Lower 2nd" and so on), although the elevators will typically only serve one of the two levels, or the elevator lobby for each floor pair may be between the two levels.
In 19th-century London, many buildings were built with the main entrance floor a metre above ground, and the floor below that being two metres below ground. This was done partly for aesthetics, and partly to allow access between the lower level and the street without going through the main floor. In this situation, the lower level is called Lower Ground, the main floor is called Upper Ground, and floors above it are numbered serially from 1. There may also be a storage floor called "Cellar" below Lower Ground.
Sometimes, floor number 1 may be the lowest basement level; in that case the ground floor may be numbered 2 or higher. Sometimes two connected buildings (such as a store and its car park) have incongruent floor numberings, due to sloping terrain or different ceiling heights. To avoid this, shopping centres may call the main floors by names such as Upper Mall, Lower Mall & Toilet Mezzanine, with the parking floors being numbered Pn
In Norway and Sweden the floors are numbered as in the North American scheme ("1st" = "ground", "2nd", etc.)[citation needed], but one can also refer to them by how many flights of stairs one needs to climb to reach them from the ground floor. So, in Swedish 2:a våningen ("2nd floor") is the same as 1 trappa upp ("1 flight up"); 3:e våningen ("3rd floor") is also 2 trappor upp ("2 flights up"); and so on. In modern lifts, however, floors are usually numbered according to British convention, where the street level is referred to E (for "entré", or entrance) or BV (for bottenvåning, or bottom floor) and the next floor is given the number 1.
In The Podium, the first basement of the expansion wing is called Lower Ground Floor, since the mall has a supermarket (shared with parking); however, its next basement is Basement 2 which serves the mall's carpark, instead of Basement 1 to continue its floor numbering. In City of Dreams Manila Carpark Building, the 4th floor of the carpark is called Upper Ground Floor although the first three parking levels are from Ground to 3rd level. The parking floor actually serves the Upper Ground Floor of the resort.
An elevator control panel in an apartment building in Shanghai. Floors 4, 13 and 14 are missing.
In some instances, buildings may omit the thirteenth floor in their floor numbering because of common superstition surrounding this number. The floor numbering may either go straight from 12 to 14, or the floor may be given an alternative name such as "Skyline" or "14A".
Letter boxes of a residential building built in the 1970s in Hong Kong. The Chinese and English floor numberings use the traditional Chinese and the British systems, respectively, resulting in different numbers.
In Hong Kong the British numbering system is now generally used, in English and Chinese alike. In some older residential buildings, however, the floors are identified by signs in Chinese characters that say "二樓" ("2 floor") at the floor just above ground, as in the North American system. For those buildings, the Chinese phrase "三樓" or its English equivalent "3rd floor" may refer either to the storey three levels above ground (as in the modern numbering), which is actually labelled "四樓" ("4 floor"), or to the storey with the sign "三樓" ("3 floor"), which is only two levels above ground. This confusing state of affairs has led, for example, to numerous errors in utility billing.[5] To avoid ambiguity, business forms often ask that storey numbers in address fields be written as accessed from a lift.
In some mainland Chinese and Taiwanese buildings (typically high-rises), the 4th floor is actually omitted or skipped, along with other floor numbers ending in 4 such as 14th and 24th. The floor above the third would be numbered as the fifth, and so on. This is because of tetraphobia: in many varieties of Chinese (as well as the Chinese-derived numbers used in Korean, Japanese and Vietnamese) the pronunciation of the character 四 ("four") is very similar to the pronunciation of the character 死 ("dead" or "to die"). Also for this reason, apartments on the 4th floor in Asian countries such as Taiwan have traditionally been cheaper to rent. It is also common in China for the thirteenth floor to also be omitted.
In Hawaii, the Hawaiian-language floor label uses the British System, but the English-language floor label uses the American system. For example, Papa akolu (P3) = Level 4 (4 or L4).
Lift/elevator buttons[edit]
A Dover Custom Impulse Elevator control panel with floor numbering. In most buildings in the US and Canada, there is no thirteenth floor.[6] The ☆ indicates the main entry floor.
In most of the world, elevator buttons for storeys above the ground level are usually marked with the corresponding numbers. In many countries, modern elevators also have Braille numbers—often mandated by law.
European scheme[edit]
In countries that use the European system, the ground floor is either marked 0, or with the initial letter of the local word for ground floor (G, E, etc.), successive floors are then marked 1, 2, etc. However, even when the ground floor button is marked with a letter, some digital position indicators may show 0 when the lift / elevator is on that floor. If the building also contains floors below ground, negative numbers are common. This then gives a conventional numbering sequence –2, –1, 0, 1, 2, 3, ... In Spain and other countries whose official language is Spanish or Portuguese, the ground floor is usually marked PB (planta baja, planta baixa, etc.), and in buildings where these exist, the entresuelo or entresòl and principal are marked E and P, respectively. In France, floors are usually marked the same way as in Spain; however, the letters for the ground floor are RC (rez-de-chaussée), seldom simplified to R. Where these exist, there are high ground RCH (rez-de-chaussée haut) and lower ground RCB (rez-de-chaussée bas), or garden ground RJ (rez-de-jardin) and former ground RC. In Portugal, the letters corresponding to the ground floor are R/C (rés-do-chão) or simply R.
For example, in the Polish language there is a clear distinction: the word parter means ground floor and piętro means a floor above the parter, usually with an ordinal: 1st piętro, 2nd piętro etc. Therefore, a parter is the zeroth piętro. Older elevators in Poland have button marked P for the ground floor (parter) and S for basement (suterena). Elevators installed since 1990 have 0 for parter and -1, -2 etc. for underground floors.
In Hawaiian language, the labels, from the ground floor to the sixth (UK) / seventh (US) floor are, in order: LP, P1, P2, P3, P4, P5 and P6.
North American scheme[edit]
In countries that use the North American system, where "floor 1" is the same as "ground floor", the corresponding button may be marked either with 1 or with a letter, as in the European scheme. In either case, the next button will be labelled 2. In buildings that have both a "1st floor" and a "ground floor", they may be labelled 1 and G (as in Russian scheme) or M (for "Main") and LM (for "Lower Main"). M may also be used to designate a mezzanine level, when it is not counted as a separate floor in the building's numbering scheme.
In modern signage, at least in North America, a five-pointed star (★) additionally appears beside the button for the main entry floor. In the United States, the five-pointed-star marking is mandated by Title III of the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA), as described in Section 4.10.12(2) of the ADA Accessibility Guidelines for Buildings and Facilities (ADAAG).[7]
Subterranean floors[edit]
There is no particular standard convention for the numbering of levels below ground. In English-speaking countries, the first level below ground may be labelled B for "Basement", LL for "Lower Level" or "Lower Lobby", C for "Cellar" or, in the case of the Andy Warhol Museum in Pittsburgh, U for "Underground". In British buildings, LG for "Lower Ground" is commonly encountered.
If there is more than one basement, the next level down may be marked SB for "Sub-Basement". The lower levels may also be numbered B1, B2, B3, B4, B5, B6, B7, B8, B9, B10, etc.. Negative numbers are sometimes used: −1 for the first level below ground, −2 for the second one, and so on. Letters are sometimes used: A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, J, etc.
In Hawaii these levels are numbered I1, I2, I3, ...; "I" stands for "ilelo", basement.
Half-height/split-level parking garages[edit]
In malls, one may find half-height parking garages, in which the floors are named after the mall, but the floors that between the mall's floors may have suffixes like "A" or "M" added. For example, "1", "1A", "2", "2A", etc. The floors may be numbered as 1, 1½, 2, 2½, or "1", "1.5", "2", "2.5" etc. Elevators in half-height parking garages in malls usually stop only at the mall levels and not the parking levels between the mall levels.
In split-level parking garages, the lower level may have the suffix "A" and the upper level have the suffix "B", like "1A", "1B", "2A", "2B", etc. Elevators in split-level parking garages normally stop at one of the two split levels or between the two split levels, and the levels in elevators may be named just "1", "2", etc.
Other labels[edit]
Elevator buttons may also be labelled according to their main function. In English-speaking countries, besides the common L for "Lobby", one may find P for "Pool"[citation needed] or "Parking"[8] (and P1, P2, P3, P4, P5, P6, P7, P8, P9, P10, etc. for multiple parking floors), S for "Skyway" or "Street", R for "Restaurant" or Roof, PH for "Penthouse", OD for "observation deck", W for Walkway, T for Tunnel, Ticketing or Trains, etc. In some US buildings, the label G on the elevator may stand for the building's "Garage", which need not be located on the "Ground" floor.
Fairmont Royal York Hotel in Toronto marks the first six floors as A, L, MM, C, H and 1 (for "Arcade", "Lobby", "Main Mezzanine", "Convention", "Health Club" and "1st floor"). The North Carolina Museum of Art, whose entrance is on the third floor up, has the floors lettered C, B, A (the main floor) and O (for "Office"). The Festival Walk mall in Hong Kong has floors labelled LG2 and LG1 ("Lower Ground 2" and "1"), G ("Ground") and UG ("Upper Ground").
Room numbering[edit]
Main article: Room number
In modern buildings, especially large ones, room or apartment numbers are usually tied to the floor numbers, so that one can figure out the latter from the former. Typically one uses the floor number with one or two extra digits appended to identify the room within the floor. For example, room 215 could be the 15th room of floor 2 (or 5th room of floor 21), but to avoid this confusion one dot is sometimes used to separate the floor from the room (2.15 refers to 2nd floor, 15th room and 21.5 refers to 21st floor, 5th room) or a leading zero is placed before a single-digit room number (i.e. the 5th room of floor 21 would be 2105). Letters may be used, instead of digits, to identify the room within the floor—such as 21E instead of 215. Often odd numbers are used for rooms on one side of a hallway, even numbers for rooms on the other side.
An offset may be used to accommodate unnumbered floors. For example, in a building with floors labelled G, M, 1, 2, ..., 11 and 12, the fourth room in each of those floors could be numbered 104, 114, 124, 134, ..., 224 and 234, respectively—with an offset of 110 in the floor numbers. This trick is sometimes used to make the floor number slightly less obvious, e.g. for security or marketing reasons.
In some buildings with numbered rooms, as in this Eastern European example, UK-like G, 1, ... floor numbering is used, but with rooms numbered from 200 on the "first floor" (above the ground floor), 300 on the 2nd floor, and so on.
Portugal[edit]
In Portugal, the rule (official standard)[citation needed] is:
In buildings with only two corridors, all the apartments are marked as Esq. (Esquerdo = Left) or Dto. (Direito = Right). So we have C/V Esq. (Underground Floor Left), R/C Esq. (Ground Floor Left), 1º. Esq (1st Floor Left), etc.; and C/V Dto. (Underground Floor Right), R/C Dto. (Ground Floor Right) 1º. Dto. (1st Floor Right), etc.
Buildings with more than two apartments per floor, are marked with letters, clockwise within each deck. So apartment 8º-D (not 8D) means the 8th floor (hence the character "º" meaning ordinal number), apartment D (counting in clockwise direction, for those who are in the floor entrance). But a very common form for buildings with three apartments per floor is, Esq.-Frt./Fte. (Frente, en: Front - for the apartment located between left and right)-Dto.
These universal rules simplify finding an apartment in a building, particularly for blind people, who do not need to ask where a given apartment is.
See also[edit]
Deck
Floor
Mechanical floor
Thirteenth floor
List of buildings with 100 floors or more
References[edit]
Jump up ^ See spelling differences.
Jump up ^ "Story | Define Story at Dictionary.com". Dictionary.reference.com.
Jump up ^ Rick Steves' Europe through the back door 2011
Jump up ^ sameish - Which Floor is Which?
Jump up ^ http://hk.news.yahoo.com/080409/12/2s3az.html Archived April 13, 2008, at the Wayback Machine.
Jump up ^ Perkins, Broderick (2002-09-13). "Bottom Line Conjures Up Realty's Fear Of 13". Realty Times. Retrieved 2008-04-14.
Jump up ^ ADA Accessibility Guidelines for Buildings and Facilities (ADAAG), Section 4.10: Elevators
Jump up ^ P may also stand for Parterre in some countries: http://onlinedictionary.datasegment.com/word/parterre.
External links[edit]
Look up storey in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.
Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Storey". Encyclopædia Britannica. 25 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 968.
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Grand Inquisitor
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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This article is about the inquisitorial office. For the Fyodor Dostoyevsky story, see The Grand Inquisitor.
Grand Inquisitor
Inquisitor Generalis
Appointer
Monarch
Inaugural holder
Tomás de Torquemada
Formation
1483
Final holder
Jerónimo Castillón y Salas
Abolished
1820
Grand Inquisitor (Latin: Inquisitor Generalis, literally Inquisitor General or General Inquisitor) was the lead official of the Inquisition. The title usually refers to the chief inquisitor of the Spanish Inquisition, even after the reunification of the inquisitions. Secretaries-general of the Roman Inquisition were often styled as Grand Inquisitor but the role and functions were different.
The most famous Inquisitor General was the Spanish Dominican Tomás de Torquemada, who spearheaded the Spanish Inquisition.
Contents
[hide]
1 List of Spanish Grand Inquisitors
1.1 Separation of Inquisitions of Castile and Aragon
1.1.1 Castile
1.1.2 Aragon
1.2 Reunification of the Inquisitions
2 External links
3 References
List of Spanish Grand Inquisitors[edit]
Tomás de Torquemada, Grand Inquisitor of Spain (1483–1498)
Diego de Deza, Grand Inquisitor of Spain (1498–1507)
From
To
Grand Inquisitor[1]
Other positions held
1483 1498 Tomás de Torquemada Prior of the Dominican Convent of Santa Cruz, Segovia, 1477 - 1498
1499 1506 Diego de Deza Tavera Archbishop of Seville
1506 1507 Diego Ramírez de Guzmán Bishop of Catania, Bishop of Lugo
Separation of Inquisitions of Castile and Aragon[edit]
Castile[edit]
Adrian of Utrecht, Grand Inquisitor of Spain (1518–1522)
From
To
Grand Inquisitor
Other positions held
1507 1517 Francisco Jiménez de Cisneros Cardinal, Archbishop of Toledo
Aragon[edit]
Juan Pardo de Tavera, Grand Inquisitor of Spain (1539–1645)
Fernando Niño de Guevara, Grand Inquisitor of Spain (1600–1602)
Francisco Antonio de Lorenzana, Grand Inquisitor of Spain (1794–1797)
From
To
Grand Inquisitor
Other positions held
1507 1513 Juan Enguera Bishop of Vich, Bishop of Lleida, Bishop of Tortosa
1513 1516 Luis Mercader Escolano Bishop of Tortosa
1516 1517 Adrian of Utrecht Cardinal priest of Ss. Giovanni e Paolo, Bishop of Tortosa
Reunification of the Inquisitions[edit]
From
To
Grand Inquisitor
Other positions held
1518 1522 Adrian of Utrecht Cardinal priest of Ss. Giovanni e Paolo, Bishop of Tortosa
1523 1538 Alonso Manrique de Lara Bishop of Badajoz, Archbishop of Seville, Cardinal
1539 1545 Juan Pardo de Tavera Archbishop of Toledo
1546 1546 García de Loaysa Archbishop of Seville
1547 1566 Fernando de Valdés y Salas Archbishop of Seville
1566 1572 Diego de Espinosa Bishop of Sigüenza, Bishop of Cuenca
1572 1572 Pedro Ponce de León Bishop of Ciudad Rodrigo, Bishop of Plasencia
1573 1594 Gaspar de Quiroga y Vela Archbishop of Toledo
1595 1595 Jerónimo Manrique de Lara Bishop of Cartagena, Bishop of Ávila
1596 1599 Pedro de Portocarrero Bishop of Calahorra, Bishop of Cuenca
1599 1602 Fernando Niño de Guevara Archbishop of Seville
1602 1602 Juan de Zúñiga Flores Bishop of Cartagena
1603 1608 Juan Bautista de Acevedo Bishop of Valladolid, Patriarch of the Indias
1608 1618 Bernardo de Sandoval y Rojas Archbishop of Toledo
1619 1621 Luis de Aliaga Martínez
1622 1626 Andrés Pacheco Bishop of Cuenca, Patriarch of the Indias
1627 1632 Antonio de Zapata Cisneros Archbishop of Burgos
1632 1643 Antonio de Sotomayor Prior of Santo Domingo
1643 1665 Diego de Arce y Reinoso Bishop of Tuy, Bishop of Avila, Bishop of Palencia
1665 1665 Pascual de Aragón Archbishop of Toledo
1666 1669 Juan Everardo Nithard
1669 1695 Diego Sarmiento de Valladares Bishop of Oviedo, Bishop of Plasencia
1695 1699 Juan Tomás de Rocaberti Prior of Santo Domingo, Archbishop of Valencia
1699 1699 Alonso Fernández de Córdoba y Aguilar Appointed Grand Inquisitor, but died before he could assume this office.
1699 1705 Baltasar de Mendoza y Sandoval Bishop of Segovia
1705 1709 Vidal Marín del Campo Archbishop of Burgos
1709 1710 Antonio Ibáñez de Riva Herrera Archbishop of Zaragoza, Archbishop of Toledo
1711 1716 Francesco del Giudice Archbishop of Monreale
1715 1715 Felipe Antonio Gil de Taboada Commissioned as Grand Inquisitor but did not serve.
1717 1717 José de Molines Proclaimed in Rome, but detained by Austrians and died without serving.
1718 1718 Felipe de Arcemendi Died without serving.
1720 1720 Diego de Astorga y Céspedes Archbishop of Toledo
1720 1733 Juan de Camargo y Angulo Bishop of Pamplona
1733 1740 Andrés de Orbe y Larreategui Archbishop of Valencia
1742 1746 Manuel Isidro Orozco Manrique de Lara Archbishop of Santiago
1746 1755 Francisco Pérez de Prado Bishop of Teruel
1755 1774 Manuel Quintano Bonifaz Titular Archbishop of Farsala
1775 1783 Felipe Beltrán Serrano Bishop of Salamanca
1784 1793 Agustín Rubin de Ceballos Bishop of Jaén
1793 1794 Manuel Abad y Lasierra Titular Archbishop of Selymbria
1794 1797 Francisco Antonio Lorenzana y Butrón Archbishop of Toledo
1797 1808 Ramón José de Arce y Rebollar Archbishop of Burgos
1808 1814 Abolition of the Inquisition
1814 1818 Francisco Javier Mier Campillo Bishop of Almería
1818 1818 Cristóbal Bencomo y Rodríguez Titular Archbishop of Heraclea (position rejected by himself)[2]
1818 1820 Gerónimo Castillón y Salas Bishop of Tarazona
External links[edit]
(in Spanish) Council of Inquisition: List of Grand Inquisitors
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Appendix 2 to Henry Charles Lea's A History of the Inquisition of Spain
Jump up ^ Biografía de Cristóbal Bencomo y Rodríguez
Authority control
GND: 1038394708
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Peter Pan (2003 film)
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Peter Pan
North American theatrical release poster
Directed by
P. J. Hogan
Produced by
Lucy Fisher
Douglas Wick
Patrick McCormick
Screenplay by
P. J. Hogan
Michael Goldenberg
Based on
Peter and Wendy
by J. M. Barrie
Starring
Jason Isaacs
Jeremy Sumpter
Rachel Hurd-Wood
Olivia Williams
Lynn Redgrave
Ludivine Sagnier
Music by
James Newton Howard
Cinematography
Donald McAlpine
Edited by
Garth Craven
Michael Kahn
Production
companies
Revolution Studios[1]
Red Wagon Entertainment
Allied Stars Ltd
Distributed by
North America:
Universal Pictures
International and North American television:
Columbia Pictures[1]
Release date
22 November 2003 (2003-11-22) (Australia)
24 December 2003 (2003-12-24) (UK)
25 December 2003 (2003-12-25) (US/Canada)
Running time
113 minutes[2]
Country
United States
United Kingdom
Australia
Budget
$130.6 million[3]
Box office
$122 million[4]
Peter Pan is a 2003 fantasy adventure film released by Universal Pictures, Columbia Pictures, and Revolution Studios. It was the first authorised and faithful film or television adaptation[citation needed] of J.M. Barrie's play Peter Pan, or The Boy Who Wouldn't Grow Up in half a century, after Disney's version in 1953. P. J. Hogan directed a screenplay co-written with Michael Goldenberg which is based on the play and novel by J. M. Barrie. Jason Isaacs plays the dual roles of Captain Hook and George Darling, Olivia Williams plays Mrs. Darling, while Jeremy Sumpter plays Peter Pan, Rachel Hurd-Wood plays Wendy Darling, and Ludivine Sagnier plays Tinker Bell. Lynn Redgrave plays a supporting role as Aunt Millicent, a new character created for the film.
Contrary to the traditional stage casting, the film featured a young boy in the title role. Since the first stage production of the story, the title role has usually been played by a woman, a tradition followed in the first film adaptation. Two subsequent animated adaptations have featured a male voice actor as Peter Pan, and a Soviet live-action film adaptation for television cast a boy to play the role. This film was the first live-action theatrical release with a boy playing the part. The casting of a single actor to play both George Darling and Captain Hook follows a tradition also begun in the first staging of the play.
Peter Pan received positive reviews from critics, and grossed $48.5 million in the United States and Canada, and $122 million worldwide[4] from a $130.6 million budget.[3]
Contents
[hide]
1 Plot
2 Cast
3 Production
4 Deleted epilogue
5 Merchandise
6 Release
7 Reception
7.1 Critical response
7.2 Box office
8 Accolades
8.1 Academy of Science Fiction, Fantasy and Horror Films
8.2 Broadcast Film Critics Association Awards
8.3 Las Vegas Film Critics Society Awards
8.4 Phoenix Film Critics Society Awards
8.5 Visual Effects Society Awards
8.6 Young Artist Awards
9 References
10 External links
Plot[edit]
This article's plot summary may be too long or excessively detailed. Please help improve it by removing unnecessary details and making it more concise. (September 2015) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
In the nursery of the Darling household located in Edwardian era London, Wendy Darling tells her younger brothers John and Michael the story of Cinderella, who went to the ball and found herself surrounded by pirates. Life is disrupted when their Aunt Millicent arrives to visit. Judging Wendy to be an "almost" full-grown woman, Aunt Millicent advises Mr. and Mrs. Darling to think of Wendy's future, saying that Wendy should spend less time in the nursery, and more time with herself, to become a grown woman. The very idea frightens the children.
At school, Wendy daydreams about having seen Peter in the night, and, after being caught with a drawing of him over her bed, is in trouble with the teacher, who sends a letter by a boy messenger to Wendy's father at the bank, and as she tries to stop him, along with the family's "nurse" dog Nana, embarrasses her father in front of his superiors. As a punishment, Mr. Darling chains Nana outside and declares it time for Wendy to grow up. Peter visits the nursery again looking for his shadow, which Nana had bitten off, and introduces himself. After being acquainted, Wendy sews his shadow back on and is enchanted by Peter's ability to fly and his description of Neverland and how nicely he talks about girls. She asks Peter if she can kiss him, but because he does not know what a kiss is, ends up giving him a thimble instead. He returns the "kiss" by plucking an acorn from his shirt and giving it to her. Peter invites her to tell stories to his gang of Lost Boys. She asks to bring her brothers, John and Michael, to which Peter agrees. He grabs Tinker Bell and shakes fairy dust on the children and tells them to think of happy thoughts. Nana, having escaped her chain, leads Mr. and Mrs. Darling back home from a party, but they arrive too late to stop the children.
The children fly over London and then to Neverland. They observe Captain Hook's (Isaacs) ship from a cloud. The pirates spot them and attack with their cannons. One knocks Wendy far away and the other causes Michael and John to fall towards the island below. Peter tells Tinker Bell to find Wendy while he takes care of Hook. But Tinker Bell reaches the hideout as Wendy is still falling from the sky, and out of jealousy, tricks the Lost Boys into shooting Wendy with an arrow. The boys learn the truth and confess to Peter but Wendy is revealed not to have been killed as the arrow hit the acorn necklace hung around her neck. Angry, Peter banishes Tinker Bell and ends their friendship. When Wendy finally awakens she finds the Lost Boys on their knees begging her to be their mother, which she accepts. They blindfold her and lead her to their hideout, and she finally realises her brothers are missing. Michael and John stumble across the crocodile that ate Hook's hand then encounter the Native American princess Tiger Lily (Carsen Gray). All three are then captured by Hook and taken to the Black Castle to use as bait for Peter Pan. Wendy and Peter visit the mermaids' lagoon to ask the dark and mysterious creatures to help in locating John and Michael, and learn that Hook has her brothers. Peter and Hook engage in a duel but it is stopped when the ticking crocodile arrives and tries to eat Hook, allowing the children to all escape.
That night, after a celebration at the Native American camp, Peter shows Wendy the fairies' home and the two share a dance. Hook spies on the two and soon comes across Tinker Bell, who is still hurt and upset from being banished, and charms her into telling him more about Peter and Wendy. Peter becomes upset with Wendy after she tries to get him to express his feelings and that he will never love and never grow up, and tells her to go home and grow up if she's not happy. Wendy, hurt, leaves to be alone. Hook has the sleeping Wendy carried to his ship. There, he entices her to become a pirate but sends a spy to follow her to the Lost Boys' underground hideout afterwards. Wendy soon comes to her senses and tells her brothers that the three of them will be going home, which upsets Peter. The Lost Boys ask if they can go too, upsetting Peter even more. Wendy tries to say goodbye to Peter but he turns away in sadness. She leaves him a cup of "medicine" and tells him not to forget to take it.
The pirates capture the boys outside and Hook goes down into the tree and puts a drop of poison in Peter's medicine. He is about to drink the medicine, but Tinker Bell intervenes and drinks the poison herself. Peter telepathically reaches out to children sleeping around the world, the Darlings, Aunt Millicent, the Lost Boys, and even the pirates to assert their belief in fairies, which brings Tinker Bell back to life.
Peter and Tinker Bell save Wendy and the boys from walking the plank by making the pirates think the crocodile is on board, and a battle soon breaks out. Hook sprinkles himself with Tinker Bell's fairy dust and fights Peter in a duel while flying. Hook taunts him about Wendy abandoning him and forgetting all about him when she grows up. Weakened by those thoughts and unable to fight, Peter gives in to his inevitable death. Seeing this as goodbye, Wendy gives Peter her hidden kiss, which gives him the strength to recover. Peter reengages Hook, who loses his confidence and falls into the waiting jaws of the crocodile.
With the ship covered in fairy dust, Peter flies Wendy and the boys back to London. Mr. and Mrs. Darling are overjoyed at the return of their children, and adopt the Lost Boys. Slightly, who got lost on the way to London and arrives at the house too late, is adopted by the lonely Aunt Millicent. Peter promises never to forget Wendy and to return someday before heading back to Neverland with Tinker Bell. According to the adult Wendy, she never saw Peter again, but she continues to tell his story to her own children and grandchildren so that his legacy will last forever.
Cast[edit]
Jeremy Sumpter as Peter Pan: A young boy who does not want to grow up, and lives in Neverland. He is brave, determined, cocky, and optimistic as he is only able to think happy thoughts. He develops romantic feelings for Wendy, clearly evident when Hook torments him by insinuating Wendy will forget about him and he will be replaced by a husband. He cares about Tink even though he gets angry at her, and attempts to revive her after she drinks the poison to save his life. He wants to always be a young boy who has everlasting fun and adventure. Unlike other versions, Peter Pan's own feelings, emotions and even mere presence affect various aspects of the weather.
Jason Isaacs as Mr. George Darling and Captain Hook: George is the Darling children's father and a banker who knows the cost of everything, even a hug. Captain Hook is Peter Pan's archenemy since Peter cut off his hand and fed it to a crocodile which has followed him ever since. He is the Captain of the Jolly Roger and many of his happy thoughts are murderous. He admits his hook can be quite useful, but mourns the loss of his right hand.
Rachel Hurd-Wood as Wendy Darling: The eldest child of the Darling family. She is a motherly figure to the Lost Boys and her younger brothers, John and Michael. Initially she does not want to grow up, but eventually, accepts she must and returns home. She takes up the title name "Red-handed Jill" at one point, before returning home. She cares for Peter's safety and wellbeing and reciprocates his romantic feelings for her. Saffron Burrows, plays the adult Wendy, who narrates the film, recounting the story's events. Burrows appears in the deleted epilogue.
Lynn Redgrave as Aunt Millicent: The maternal aunt of the three Darling children, who wants to help Wendy grow into becoming an adult.
Richard Briers as Mr. Smee: Hook's humorous first-mate.
Olivia Williams as Mrs. Mary Darling: The matriarch of the Darling family who is the loveliest lady in Bloomsbury. She is said to have a kiss that Wendy can never get and that is perfectly conspicuous on the right-hand corner of her mouth.
Harry Newell as John Darling: The second-oldest child of the Darling family. Tiger Lily gives him a kiss which gives him strength to open the gate.
Freddie Popplewell as Michael Darling: The youngest child of the Darling family, who carries a teddy bear with him.
Ludivine Sagnier as Tinker Bell: A tinker fairy, and Peter Pan's friend. She is jealous of Wendy and cares so deeply for Peter that she willingly sacrifices her life for him.
Rebel as Nana: The dog nurse of the Darling family.
Carsen Gray as Tiger Lily: The daughter of a Native American chief captured by Hook along with John and Michael as bait for Peter Pan.
Mathew Waters as the Messenger Boy.
Theodore Chester as Slightly: One of the Lost Boys.
Rupert Simonian as Tootles: One of the Lost Boys.
George MacKay as Curly: One of the Lost Boys.
Harry Eden as Nibs: One of the Lost Boys.
Patrick Gooch and Lachlan Gooch as twin members of the Lost Boys.
Production[edit]
After the script was written, Stephen Cox, Chief Press Officer for Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Trust, gave the hospital's approval, saying, "We have read the script by P. J. Hogan and Michael Goldenberg and are delighted to report that we feel that it is in keeping with the original work whilst communicating to an audience with modern sensibilities."[5] The visual effects in the film are a mixture of practical and digital. The fairies that appear in the film are actors composited into the film with some digital enhancements. According to actor Jason Isaacs, the filmmakers were impressed with actress Ludivine Sagnier's performance and decided to abandon their plans to make Tinker Bell entirely computer animated.[6] The film also features a large, computer-generated crocodile. Another character, an animatronic parrot, appears in some scenes on the pirate ship. A complex harness was built to send the live-action actors rotating and gliding through the air for the flight sequences. They were then composited into the shots of London and Never Land, although they are sometimes replaced with computer-generated figures. One other aspect of bringing the story to life was the complex sword-fighting sequences, for which the actors were trained. Sumpter said that, "I had to train for five months before the shoot. I had to do harness training to learn how to fly and learn how to swordfight," and that, "I got stabbed a couple of times with a sword."[7] Hogan says that the flying scenes were very difficult to accomplish, but that, "it was tougher on the kids than it was for me. They were up there on the harness 12' off the ground, having to make it look like flying is easy and fun."[8] Sumpter grew several inches over the course of the film's production, requiring staging tricks to retain Hook's height advantage over Peter in face-to-face scenes late in the process. Hollywood-based producer Lucy Fisher also said that, "The window he flies out of had to be enlarged twice."[6]
The film is dedicated to Dodi Al-Fayed, who was executive producer of the 1991 film Hook. Al-Fayed planned to produce a live action version of Peter Pan, and shared his ideas with Princess Diana (who was President of Great Ormond St Hospital), who said she "could not wait to see the production once it was underway." Al-Fayed's father, Mohammed Al-Fayed, co-produced the 2003 adaptation of the tale after his son died in the car crash which also killed Princess Diana.[9] Finding Neverland, a film about J. M. Barrie and the creation of Peter Pan, was originally scheduled to be released in 2003, but the producers of this film – who held the screen rights to the story – refused permission for that film to use scenes from the play unless its release was delayed until the following year.[citation needed] Filming, which lasted about twelve months and ended in June 2003, took place entirely inside sound stages on Australia's Gold Coast, Queensland.[10] According to Fisher, the decision to shoot in Australia was based on the low value of the Australian dollar at that time.[10] Hogan had originally planned on filming in a variety of locations such as Tahiti, New Zealand, and London but abandoned this idea after scouting some of the locations.[11] Filming on sound stages did help "retain some of the theatricality of the original play", something which Hogan thought was important.[12] Universal distributed in France and in all countries where English was the primary language (including the US and Canada), while Columbia released the film in the rest of the world. Worldwide digital and television rights are held by Sony/Revolution. As a result, the film is distributed on digital and television platforms by Debmar Murcury and 20th Television
Deleted epilogue[edit]
An alternate, extended ending based on Barrie's epilogue is featured on the DVD, but with unfinished special effects and no music. In this version, Peter returns to the London house years later, finding an adult Wendy. He is deeply hurt when she tells him she has grown up, and walks over to her own daughter, asleep in bed. His sobbing awakes the little girl, and she introduces herself as Jane. Peter grins excitedly at Wendy, and with her mother's permission, Jane flies away with Peter to Neverland as Wendy watches them through the window.
Merchandise[edit]
For the promotion of the film, the original novel of Peter Pan by J.M. Barrie was released with the cover that was the same look as the teaser poster. A video game was also released only for the Game Boy Advance on 4 November 2003. In it players can fly, fight, and solve various puzzles and collect special objects for special prizes and bonus points. The game received mixed reviews overall with Gamezone giving it a 6.4/10, Cubed3 giving it a 5.2/10, and Nintendo Power giving it a 2.2/5.[citation needed] Cubed3 criticised the game for the bad dialogue and repetitive and rushed gameplay, but praising the graphics and sound.
Release[edit]
This film was released in theatres on 22 November 2003 in Australia, on 24 December 2003 in the United Kingdom and on 25 December 2003 in the United States of America and Canada. On March 2004, The film was released on VHS and DVD on 4 May 2004. This film had airs on Encore Starz on Demand with Babe: Pig in the City, Casper, The Borrowers and The Little Rascals since March 2004 and on HDNet Movies since July 2005.
Reception[edit]
Critical response[edit]
Review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes gives the film a score of 78% based on 144 reviews, and an average rating of 6.8/10. The website's critical consensus reads, "Solid if far from definitive, this version of Peter Pan is visually impressive, psychologically complex and faithful to its original source."[13] On Metacritic, the film has a weighted average score of 64 out of 100, based on 33 critics, indicating "generally favorable reviews".[14]
Film critic Roger Ebert gave the film three and a half out of four stars.[15] MovieGuide has also favourably reviewed the film, calling it "a wonderfully crafted, morally uplifting movie that intentionally emphasizes the fantasy elements of the story both in dialogue and design of the film."[16]
Box office[edit]
Peter Pan earned $48,462,608 at the box office in the United States and another $73.5 million outside the US, which brings the worldwide total to nearly $122 million.[4] It faced competition from the highly anticipated The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King released the week before, and Cheaper by the Dozen, which opened on the same day.
Accolades[edit]
Academy of Science Fiction, Fantasy and Horror Films[edit]
Year
Nominee/work
Award
Result
2003 Jeremy Sumpter Best Performance by a Younger Actor Won
Best Fantasy Film Nominated
Rachel Hurd-Wood Best Performance by a Younger Actor Nominated
Janet Patterson Best Costumes Nominated
Broadcast Film Critics Association Awards[edit]
Year
Nominee/work
Award
Result
2003 Peter Pan Best Family Film – Live Action Nominated
Las Vegas Film Critics Society Awards[edit]
Year
Nominee/work
Award
Result
2003 Rachel Hurd-Wood Best Youth in Film Nominated
Phoenix Film Critics Society Awards[edit]
Year
Nominee/work
Award
Result
2003 Peter Pan Best Live Action Family Film Nominated
Jeremy Sumpter Best Performance by a Youth in a Lead or Supporting Role – Male Nominated
Visual Effects Society Awards[edit]
Year
Nominee/work
Award
Result
2003 Yusei Uesugi
Giles Hancock
Outstanding Matte Painting in a Motion Picture Nominated
Ludivine Sagnier Outstanding Performance by a Male or Female Actor in an Effects Film Nominated
Young Artist Awards[edit]
[17]
Year
Nominee/work
Award
Result
2004 Jeremy Sumpter Best Performance in a Feature Film – Leading Young Actor Won
Peter Pan Best Family Feature Film – Drama Won
Rachel Hurd-Wood Best Performance in a Feature Film – Leading Young Actress Nominated
Harry Newell Best Performance in a Feature Film – Supporting Young Actor Nominated
Carsen Gray Best Performance in a Feature Film – Supporting Young Actress Nominated
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b "Peter Pan (2003): Full Production Credits". The New York Times. Retrieved 29 March 2012.
Jump up ^ "Peter Pan (PG)". British Board of Film Classification. 9 December 2003. Retrieved 16 November 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b "'Gigli's' Real Price Tag – Or, How Studios Lie About Budgets". The Wrap.
^ Jump up to: a b c "Peter Pan (2003)". Box Office Mojo. Retrieved 1 September 2009.
Jump up ^ ""Peter Pan" Soars Again". About.com. 24 June 2002. Retrieved 4 January 2009.
^ Jump up to: a b Wloszczyna, Susan (7 August 2003). "A Mature Peter Pan". USA Today. Retrieved 10 September 2008.
Jump up ^ Murray, Rebecca. "Interview with 'Peter Pan' Star, Jeremy Sumpter". about.com. Archived from the original on 29 September 2008. Retrieved 16 September 2008.
Jump up ^ Murray, Rebecca. "Director PJ Hogan Discovers Neverland With 'Peter Pan'". about.com. Archived from the original on 11 June 2008. Retrieved 16 September 2008.
Jump up ^ "Dodi Al-Fayed – Peter Pan". Archived from the original on 20 June 2011. The first step was for Dodi to negotiate an extension of the rights granted by the hospital to his father. He was in the process of doing that when he was killed.
^ Jump up to: a b Mitchell, Peter (23 December 2003). "Dark days loom for Aussie film industry". The Age. Australia: The Age Company Ltd. Retrieved 11 September 2008.
Jump up ^ Whipp, Glenn (29 December 2003). "Latest 'Pan' film lets boys be boys, preserves spirit of classic". Milwaukee Journal Sentinel. Retrieved 16 September 2008. [dead link]
Jump up ^ Ramshaw, Mark. "Peter Pan: Hook, Line and Tinker". VFXWorld. AWN, Inc. Retrieved 15 January 2004.
Jump up ^ "Peter Pan (2003)". Rotten Tomatoes. Fandango Media. Retrieved 12 March 2018.
Jump up ^ "Peter Pan Reviews". Metacritic. CBS Interactive. Retrieved March 11, 2018.
Jump up ^ Ebert, Roger (24 December 2003). "Peter Pan Review". Chicago Sun-Times. Archived from the original on 11 October 2012. Retrieved 25 May 2014.
Jump up ^ "PETER PAN | Movieguide | Movie Reviews for Christians". Movieguide | The Family & Christian Guide to Movie Reviews. 17 August 2012. Retrieved 29 June 2017.
Jump up ^ http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0316396/awards?ref_=tt_awd
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Peter Pan (2003 film).
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values: بيتر بان (فيلم 2003) – Arabic

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