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Trinity Church (Manhattan)
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Not to be confused with Holy Trinity Episcopal Church (Manhattan).
Trinity Church and Graveyard
U.S. National Register of Historic Places
U.S. National Historic Landmark
NYC Landmark
Trinity Church from Wall Street
Trinity Church
Trinity Church
Trinity Church
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Location
75 Broadway
Manhattan, New York City
Coordinates
40°42′29″N 74°0′44″W / 40.70806°N 74.01222°W / 40.70806; -74.01222Coordinates: 40°42′29″N 74°0′44″W / 40.70806°N 74.01222°W / 40.70806; -74.01222
Built
1839-46[1]
Architect
Richard Upjohn
Architectural style
Gothic Revival
NRHP reference #
76001252
Significant dates
Added to NRHP
December 8, 1976[2]
Designated NHL
December 8, 1976,[3]
Designated NYCL
August 16, 1966
Trinity Church is a historic, well-endowed[4] parish church in the Episcopal Diocese of New York. It is located near the intersection of Wall Street and Broadway in the lower Manhattan section of New York City, New York. Trinity, a traditional High church, is an active parish centered around the Episcopal Church and the worldwide Anglican Communion in missionary, outreach, and fellowship.
Contents
[hide]
1 History and architecture
1.1 First Trinity Church
1.2 Second Trinity Church
1.3 Third Trinity Church
1.4 Trinity today
1.4.1 September 11, 2001
1.4.2 Occupy Wall Street
2 Burial grounds
3 Bells
4 Doors
5 Services
6 Music and arts
7 Property holdings
8 Staff
9 In popular culture
10 See also
11 References
12 External links
History and architecture[edit]
The Trinity Church has been significant to New York City’s history for over 300 years. In 1696, Governor Benjamin Fletcher approved the purchase of land in Lower Manhattan by the Church of England community for construction of a new church. The parish received its charter from King William III on May 6, 1697. Its land grant specified an annual rent of 60 bushels of wheat.[5] The first rector was William Vesey (for whom nearby Vesey Street is named), a protege of Increase Mather, who served for 49 years until his death in 1746.
First Trinity Church[edit]
Loyalist Charles Inglis, Rector of Trinity Church (1765-1783)
The first Trinity Church building, a modest rectangular structure with a gambrel roof and small porch, was constructed in 1698, on Wall Street, facing the Hudson River. The land on which it was built was formerly a formal garden and then a burial ground.[6][better source needed][7][8][9] It was built because in 1696, members of the Church of England (Anglicans) protested to obtain a “charter granting the church legal status” in New York City. According to historical records, Captain William Kidd lent the runner and tackle from his ship for hoisting the stones.[10][11]
Anne, Queen of Great Britain, increased the parish's land holdings to 215 acres (870,000 m2) in 1705. Later, in 1709, William Huddleston founded Trinity School as the Charity School of the church, and classes were originally held in the steeple of the church. In 1754, King's College (now Columbia University) was chartered by King George II of Great Britain, and instruction began with eight students in a school building near the church.
During the American Revolutionary War the city became the British military and political base of operations in North America, following the departure of General George Washington and the Continental Army shortly after Battle of Long Island and subsequent local defeats. Under British occupation clergy were required to be Loyalists, while the parishioners included some members of the revolutionary New York Provincial Congress, as well as the First and Second Continental Congresses.
The church was destroyed in the Great New York City Fire of 1776, which started in the Fighting Cocks Tavern, destroying nearly 400 to 500 buildings and houses, and leaving thousands of New Yorkers homeless. Six days later, most of the city's volunteer firemen followed General Washington north.
The Rev. Samuel Provoost was appointed Rector of Trinity (1784-1800) in 1784, and the New York State Legislature ratified the charter of Trinity Church, deleting the provision that asserted its loyalty to the King of England. Whig patriots were appointed as vestrymen. In 1787, Provoost was consecrated as the first Bishop of the newly formed Diocese of New York. Following his 1789 inauguration at Federal Hall, George Washington attended Thanksgiving service, presided over by Bishop Provoost, at St. Paul's Chapel, a chapel of the Parish of Trinity Church. He continued to attend services there until the second Trinity Church was finished in 1790. St. Paul's Chapel is currently part of the Parish of Trinity Church and is the oldest public building in continuous use in New York City.
Second Trinity Church[edit]
Construction on the second Trinity Church building began in 1788; it was consecrated in 1790. St. Paul’s Chapel was used while the second Trinity Church was being built.
The second Trinity Church was built facing Wall Street; it was 200 feet tall, and longer and wider than its predecessor. Building a bigger church was beneficial because the population of New York City was expanding. The church was torn down after being weakened by severe snows during the winter of 1838–39.
The second Trinity Church was politically significant because President Washington and members of his government often worshiped there. Additional notable parishioners included John Jay and Alexander Hamilton.[citation needed]
Bird's-eye view of Trinity Church, 1846
View from church steeple, 1872
Trinity Church ca. 1900
Third Trinity Church[edit]
The third and current Trinity Church began construction in 1839 and was finished in 1846.[1] When the Episcopal Bishop of New York consecrated Trinity Church on Ascension Day (May 1) 1846, its soaring Neo-Gothic spire, surmounted by a gilded cross, dominated the skyline of lower Manhattan. Trinity was a welcoming beacon for ships sailing into New York Harbor.
In 1843, Trinity Church's expanding parish was divided due to the burgeoning cityscape and to better serve the needs of its parishioners. The newly formed parish would build Grace Church, to the north on Broadway at 10th street, while the original parish would re-build Trinity Church, the structure that stands today. Both Grace and Trinity Churches were completed and consecrated in 1846.
Trinity Church held the title of tallest building in the United States until 1869, when it was surpassed by St. Michael's Church, Old Town, Chicago. At the time of its completion, Trinity's 281-foot (86 m) spire and cross comprised the highest point in New York, until it was surpassed in 1883 by the stone tower of the Brooklyn Bridge, and in 1890 by the New York World Building.[12]
In 1876-1877 a reredos and altar were erected in memory of William Backhouse Astor, Sr., to the designs of architect Frederick Clarke Withers.
Architectural historians consider the third and present Trinity Church building, built in 1846 and designed by architect Richard Upjohn, the first and finest example of Gothic Revival (aka Neo-Gothic architecture.[13] In 1976 the United States Department of the Interior designated Trinity Church a National Historic Landmark because of its architectural significance and its place within the history of New York City.[3][14][15]
Trinity today[edit]
On July 9, 1976, Queen Elizabeth II and Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh visited Trinity Church. Vestrymen presented the Queen with a symbolic "back rent" of 279 peppercorns.
Since 1993, Trinity Church has hosted the graduation ceremonies of the High School of Economics and Finance. The school is located on Trinity Place, a few blocks away from the church. Guided tours of the church are offered daily at 2 PM.[citation needed]
September 11, 2001[edit]
During the September 11 terrorist attacks, as the first World Trade Center tower collapsed, people took refuge from the massive debris cloud inside the church. Falling wreckage from the collapsing tower knocked over a giant sycamore tree that had stood for nearly a century in the churchyard of St. Paul's Chapel, which is part of Trinity Church's parish and is located several blocks north of Trinity Church. Sculptor Steve Tobin used its roots as the base for a bronze sculpture titled Trinity Root, which stood in front of the church at the corner of Wall Street and Broadway until December, 2015 when it was moved by the church to its conference center in Connecticut. The move was controversial as it seriously damaged the sculpture, and the artist has objected to its eviction.[16]
Occupy Wall Street[edit]
Trinity is located near Zuccotti Park, the location of the Occupy Wall Street protest. It offered both moral and practical support to the demonstrators but balked when church-owned land adjoining Juan Pablo Duarte Square was demanded for an encampment. For withholding this property the church hierarchy were criticized by others within the Anglican movement, most notably Archbishop Desmond Tutu.[17] On December 17, 2011, occupiers, accompanied by a few clergy, attempted to occupy the land (known as LentSpace), which is surrounded by a chain-link fence. After demonstrating in Duarte Park and marching on the streets surrounding the park, occupiers climbed over[18] and under the fence. Police responded by arresting about 50 demonstrators, including at least three Episcopal clergymen and a Roman Catholic nun.[19]
Burial grounds[edit]
Main article: Trinity Church Cemetery
There are three burial grounds closely associated with Trinity Church:
Trinity Churchyard, at Wall Street and Broadway, is where Alexander Hamilton, Elizabeth Schuyler, Angelica Schuyler, Philip Hamilton, William Bradford, Franklin Wharton, Robert Fulton, Captain James Lawrence and Albert Gallatin are buried.
Trinity Church Cemetery and Mausoleum on Riverside Drive at 155th Street, formerly the location of John James Audubon's estate, is where John James Audubon, Alfred Tennyson Dickens, John Jacob Astor, and Clement Clarke Moore are buried. It is the only active cemetery remaining in the borough of Manhattan.
The Churchyard of St. Paul's Chapel is where memorials to the United Irishmen Addis Emmet and Dr. William MacNeven are located.
Bells[edit]
The tower of Trinity Church currently contains 23 bells, the heaviest of which weighs 27 U.S. hundredweight (1225 kg).
Eight of these bells were cast for the tower of the second church building and were hung for ringing in the English change ringing style. Three more bells were added later. In 1946 these bells were adapted for swing chiming and sounded by electric motors.
A project to install a new ring of 12 additional change ringing bells was initially proposed in 2001 but put on hold in the aftermath of the 9/11 attacks, which took place three blocks north of the church. This project came to fruition in 2006, thanks to funding from the Dill Faulkes Educational Trust. These new bells form the first ring of 12 change-ringing bells ever installed in a church in the United States. The installation work was carried out by Taylors, Eayre and Smith of Loughborough, England, in September 2006.
In late 2006, the ringing of the bells for bell practice and tuning caused much concern to local residents, some of whose windows and residences are less than 100 feet at eye level from the bell tower. The church then built a plywood deck right over the bells and placed shutters on the inside of the bell chamber's lancet windows. With the shutters and the plywood deck closed, the sound of the bells outside the tower is minimal. The shutters, and hatches in the plywood deck, are opened for public ringing.
Public ringing takes place before and after 11:15 a.m. Sunday service and on special occasions, such as 9/11 commemorations, weddings, and ticker-tape parades. Details of the individual bells can be found at Dove's Guide for Church Bellringers.[20]
Interior of Trinity Church
Doors[edit]
Trinity Church has three sets of impressive bronze doors conceived by Richard Morris Hunt. These date from 1893 and were produced by Karl Bitter (east door), J. Massey Rhind (south door), and Charles Henry Niehaus (north door). The doors were a gift from William Waldorf Astor, 1st Viscount Astor in memory of John Jacob Astor III. The north and east doors each consists of six panels from Church history or the Bible, and the south door depicts the history of New York in its six panels.[citation needed]
Services[edit]
Trinity Church, as an Episcopal parish in the Anglican Communion, offers a full schedule of Daily Prayer and Eucharist services throughout the week, and based on the Book of Common Prayer; it is also available for special occasions, such as weddings and baptisms. In addition to daily worship, Trinity Church provides Christian fellowship and outreach to the community.
Sunday
8am: St. Paul’s Chapel, Low Eucharist
9am: Trinity Church, Holy Eucharist with music (Webcast)
9:15am: St. Paul’s Chapel, Family Eucharist
11:15am: Trinity Church, Solemn Eucharist (Webcast)
8pm: St. Paul’s Chapel, Compline by Candlelight
Monday–Friday
8:15am: Morning Prayer
9:00am: Morning Prayer
12:05pm: Holy Eucharist (Webcast)
5:15pm: Evening Prayer
Thursday
5:15pm: Evensong
Music and arts[edit]
Trinity Church has a rich music program with an annual budget of $2.5 million as of 2011.[4] Concerts at One has been providing live professional classical and contemporary music for the Wall Street community since 1969, and the church has several organized choirs, featured Sunday mornings on WQXR 105.9 FM in New York City. Trinity presents world-class music programs both in New York City and around the world via high definition video streaming.
The mainstay of Trinity's music program is The Choir of Trinity Wall Street, a professional ensemble that leads liturgical music at Trinity Church and St. Paul's Chapel, presents new-music concerts in New York City, produces recordings, and performs in international tours. The Choir is often joined by the Trinity Baroque Orchestra, Trinity's ensemble of period instrumentalists, and NOVUS NY, Trinity's contemporary music orchestra.
Trinity is also home to a Youth Chorus, Youth Orchestra, Family Choir, Downtown Voices, change bell ringers, and a wide variety of arts programming through Congregational Arts. Visiting choirs from around the world perform at Trinity weekly. The entire music program is under the leadership of Julian Wachner, Director of Music and the Arts, a renowned conductor, composer, and keyboard artist.
Property holdings[edit]
Beginning in the 1780s, the church's claim on 62 acres of Queen Anne's 1705 grant was contested in the courts by descendants of a 17th-century Dutchwoman, Anneke Jans Bogardus, who, it was claimed, held original title to that property. The basis of the lawsuits was that only five of Bogardus' six heirs had conveyed the land to the English crown in 1671.[21][22] Numerous times over the course of six decades, the claimants asserted themselves in court, losing each time. The attempt was even revived in the 20th century. In 1959, the Internal Revenue Service sued over the compensation of the church's property manager, but the church prevailed in Stanton v. United States.
Close-up of statues of Trinity Church
Tree Sculpture at Trinity Church, made out of giant sycamore destroyed on 9/11
Disclosure resulting from a lawsuit filed by a parishioner revealed total assets of about $2 billion as of 2011.[4] Although Trinity Church has sold off much of the land that was part of the royal grant from Queen Anne,[21] it is still one of the largest landowners in New York City with 14 acres of Manhattan real estate including 5.5 million square feet of commercial space in Hudson Square.[4][23] The parish's annual revenue from its real estate holdings was $158 million in 2011 with net income of $38 million,[4] making it perhaps one of the richest individual parishes in the world.[21]
Staff[edit]
Clergy
The Rev. Dr. William Lupfer (Rector)
The Rev. Philip Jackson (Vicar)
The Rev. Elizabeth Blunt (Priest for Congregational Life and the Arts)
The Rev. Dr. Mark Francisco Bozzuti-Jones (Priest for Pastoral Care & Community)
The Rev. Frank Hakoola (Priest and Program Officer for Africa)
The Rev. C. Alfred Loua (Priest for Pastoral Care and Community)
The Rev. Kristin Miles (Priest and Director for Pastoral Care & Community)
The Rev. Daniel Simons (Priest and Director of Spiritual Formation and Pilgrimage)
The Rev. Canon Benjamin Musoke-Lubega (Priest and Director of Anglican Relaions)
The Rev. Winnie Varghese (Priest and Director of Justice and Reconciliation)
The Rev. Deacon Robert Zito (Parish Deacon)
Lay
Ellen Andrews (Program Manager, Pastoral Care & Community)
Sister Promise Atelon (Sisters of Saint Margaret)
Melissa Attebury (Associate Director of Music)
Wendy Claire Barrie (Program Manager for Children & Youth)
Dr. Kathy Bozzuti-Jones (Associate Director of Faith Formation & Education)
Jennifer Chinn (Program Manager, Justice and Reconciliation)
Mandy Culbreath (Program Coordinator for Social Outreach)
Ruth Frey (Senior Program Officer, Justice and Reconciliation)
Robert Scott (Director, Faith Formation and Education)
Anne Damassa Graff (Program Assistant, Music)
Dane Miller (Sacristan)
Yunjeong Seol (Sacristan)
Sister Gloria Shirley (Sisters of Saint Margaret)
Scott Smith (Head Sacristan)
Avi Stein (Associate Organist and Chorusmaster)
Dr. Julian Wachner (Director, Music and the Arts)
Sister Ann Whittaker (Sisters of Saint Margaret)
In popular culture[edit]
Trinity Church was the site of the Templar treasure in the feature film National Treasure (2004), starring Nicolas Cage.[24][25][26]
See also[edit]
Anglicanism portal
Architecture portal
National Register of Historic Places portal
New York City portal
List of Anglican churches
List of National Historic Landmarks in New York City
List of New York City Designated Landmarks in Manhattan below 14th Street
National Register of Historic Places listings in Manhattan below 14th Street
Charlotte Temple
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission; Dolkart, Andrew S. (text); Postal, Matthew A. (text) (2009), Postal, Matthew A., ed., Guide to New York City Landmarks (4th ed.), New York: John Wiley & Sons, ISBN 978-0-470-28963-1 , p.11
Jump up ^ National Park Service (2007-01-23). "National Register Information System". National Register of Historic Places. National Park Service.
^ Jump up to: a b "Trinity Church and Graveyard". National Historic Landmark summary listing. National Park Service. 2007-09-11. Archived from the original on 2007-12-29.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e Otterman, Sharon (April 24, 2013). "Trinity Church Split on How to Manage $2 Billion Legacy of a Queen". The New York Times. Retrieved April 25, 2013.
Jump up ^ "TRINITY CHURCH PROPERTY.; Outline of the Legal History of the Trinity "Church Farm."". The New York Times. November 18, 1859.
Jump up ^ "The Castello Plan". Retrieved 2017-05-16.
Jump up ^ "Digital redraft of the Castello Plan of New Amsterdam in New Netherland in 1660 [Beta]". Retrieved 2017-05-16.
Jump up ^ "INDEX TO PLOTS ON THE CASTELLO PLAN MAP". Ancestry.com. Retrieved 2017-05-16.
Jump up ^ "New York City 1695". University of Texas Libraries. Retrieved 2017-05-15.
Jump up ^ "Historical Timeline". TrinityChurch.org.
Jump up ^ "Question of the Day: Trinity's Very Own Pirate?". The Archivist's Mailbag. Trinity Church. November 19, 2008. Retrieved December 18, 2011.
Jump up ^ "Trinity Church". trinitywallstreet.org. Retrieved 2016-11-17.
Jump up ^ "Trinity Church". Trinity Church. Retrieved 2016-11-17.
Jump up ^ "National Register of Historic Places Inventory-Nomination" (PDF). National Park Service. August 1976.
Jump up ^ "National Register of Historic Places Inventory-Nomination (photos)" (PDF). National Park Service. August 1976.
Jump up ^ "Artist still in shock after Trinity Church uproots and breaks his 9/11 work". The New York Times. July 6, 2016.
Jump up ^ Matt Flegenheimer (December 16, 2011). "Occupy Group Faults Church, a Onetime Ally". The New York Times. Retrieved December 17, 2011.
Jump up ^ Nathan Schneider (December 19, 2011). "Re-Occupy: A Movement Seeks a Sanctuary: On occupying Trinity Church—and the Occupy movement's relationship with established institutions". Yes!. Retrieved December 31, 2011.
Jump up ^ Al Baker; Colin Moynihan (December 17, 2011). "Arrests as Occupy Protest Turns to Church". The New York Times. Retrieved December 18, 2011.
Jump up ^ "Dove's Guide for Church Bellringers". cccbr.org.uk.
^ Jump up to: a b c Nevius, Michelle & Nevius, James (2009), Inside the Apple: A Streetwise History of New York City, New York: Free Press, ISBN 141658997X , pp.22-23
Jump up ^ "A Dutchwoman's Farm.; The Hon. James W. Gerard On The Anneke Jans Bogardus Claims". The New York Times. May 7, 1879.
Jump up ^ "Trinity Real Estate". Archived from the original on 2009-11-30.
Jump up ^ "New York City: Trinity Church". Sacred Destination.
Jump up ^ "Trinity Church, New York City". TripAdvisor.
Jump up ^ "National Treasure Film Locations". On the Set of new York.
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Trinity Church (New York City).
Trinity Wall Street.org – Trinity Church Official Website
Trinity Music Programs – Trinity Music & Arts Program
Trinity History – Trinity Historical and Archival Resources
Trinity Real Estate – Official website for Trinity Church's real estate holdings
Trinity Tombstone & Churchyard Gallery
Search Churchyard burials and registers of official acts
Trinity Gift Shop – Trinity and St. Paul's Gift Shop
Trinity Preschool – Trinity Preschool
"Trinity Church" in the George Washington Digital Encyclopedia
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Organ Mountains (New Mexico)
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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For the Brazilian mountain range of similar name, see Serra dos Órgãos
Organ Mountains
The Organ Mountains seen from the west
Dimensions
Length
85 mi (137 km) N-S
Width
42 mi (68 km) W-E
Geography
Location of the Organ Mountains within New Mexico
Country
United States
State
New Mexico
Region
(northwest)-Chihuahuan Desert
District
Doña Ana County, NM
Range coordinates
32°19.6′N 106°33.35′W / 32.3267°N 106.55583°W / 32.3267; -106.55583Coordinates: 32°19.6′N 106°33.35′W / 32.3267°N 106.55583°W / 32.3267; -106.55583
Borders on
San Andres Mountains
Geology
Type of rock
granite, rhyolite
The Organ Mountains are a rugged mountain range in southern New Mexico in the Southwestern United States. Organ Mountains-Desert Peaks National Monument was declared a national monument on May 21, 2014.[1] They lie 10 miles (16 km) east of the city of Las Cruces, in Doña Ana County.[2]
Contents
[hide]
1 Geography
2 Geology
3 Botany
4 Hiking and climbing
5 National monument status
6 See also
7 References
Geography[edit]
The Organ Mountains are near the southern end of a long line of mountains on the east side of the Rio Grande's rift valley. The range is nearly contiguous with the San Andres Mountains to the north and the Franklin Mountains to the south, but is very different geologically. Whereas the San Andres and Franklin Mountains are both formed from west-dipping fault blocks of mostly sedimentary strata (with limestone most prominent), the Organ Mountains are made primarily of igneous rock (intrusive granite and extrusive rhyolite). Their name reflects their similarity in appearance (particularly the granite "needles" in the highest part of the range) with pipes that would be part of a pipe organ.
The San Andres Mountains-(southern subrange of San Augustin Mountains), are separated from the Organ Mountains by San Augustin Pass, through which U.S. Highway 70 passes on its way to White Sands Missile Range, White Sands National Monument and Alamogordo. The Franklin Mountains are separated from the Organ Mountains by a 10-mile wide low area known as Anthony Gap. Much of this intervening land is part of Fort Bliss.
Geology[edit]
Orthoclase specimen from the Organ Mountains
The Organ Mountains are made up of three major sections:
On the north end is a narrow ridge of vertically-jointed Tertiary granite[3] (more specifically, quartz monzonite) called The Needles. This is the most picturesque section and includes the highest point in the range, Organ Needle at an elevation of 8,990 feet (2,740 m).
On the south side of The Needles is a much wider section of extrusive igneous rock, mostly a purplish-gray rhyolite. This section forms the bulk of the mountain range and reaches heights nearly as great as The Needles. This section is cut in half by Soledad Canyon, which extends west from the east side of the range, separated by a low ridge and Soledad Pass from Bar Canyon on the west side.
The third portion of the Organ Mountains consists of the Bishop's Cap Hills on the southwest side of the range and Rattlesnake Ridge on the southeast side of the range. This third section is much smaller and lower in elevation than the other sections of the range, and consists of fault-block limestone similar to that of the San Andres and Franklin Mountains.
Sugarloaf Peak is an interesting feature on the East side of the Organ Mountains
View of Organ Needle, the highest of the Organ Mountains at 8,990 feet (2,740 m).
Botany[edit]
The Organ Mountains may be the most botanically diverse mountain range in New Mexico, with approximately 870 vascular plant species. Several of these, including the Organ Mountains evening-primrose (Oenothera organensis) and smooth figwort (Scrophularia laevis), are endemic to the mountain range and occur only in small, scattered populations.
The Organ Mountains also have surprisingly high diversity in ferns, with 30 of the 56 species reported for New Mexico occurring within it. The high diversity and endemism of the range makes the Organ Mountains a very rewarding destination for the botanically-inclined, as well as a focus of botanical study.
The flora differs greatly between the three sections of the mountain range, with the two igneous sections (The Needles and the central extrusive portion) sharing relatively few species with the southern limestone portions. The limestone section includes some of the northernmost populations of lechuguilla (Agave lecheguilla), often considered an indicator species of the Chihuahuan Desert, whereas the igneous sections of the range include all of the endemic taxa and have botanical affinity with Madrean flora typical of the southwestern sky islands.
Hiking and climbing[edit]
Winter snowfall in the Organ Mountains
The first documented climbs of Organ Mountain peaks were in the early 1890s, but most were done in the mid-1950s by climbers stationed at nearby Fort Bliss Army Base. The most prominent of these was R.L Ingraham, whose Guide to Climbing in the Organ Mountains [4] remains a definitive reference. To quote from this work:
"There are fragmentary records and local hearsay which affirm that certain students of the (then) A and M College climbed the Organ Needle and the Rabbit Ears Plateau, two of the very few Organ peaks with walk-up routes, between 1900 and 1910; little San Agustin was probably climbed at or before this time, too. Technical climbing began only in the late 1940's, with some ascents by a group of German rocket scientists brought here to work at the White Sands Proving Grounds directly after the fall of Germany. In 1955 a group of local mountaineering enthusiasts banded together into a climbing club, which was briefly called the "Tularosa Climbing Club" before it took its present name of "The Southwestern Mountaineers". From then on technical climbing went on apace, until today there are at least several routes up every peak."
The Bureau of Land Management maintains hiking trails accessed from four sites in the Organ Mountains:
Aguirre Springs Campground and Baylor Canyon Road offer access to trails in The Needles from the east and west sides, respectively, and offer access to a trail that leads over Baylor Pass.[5] Trails include the 4.5 mile Pine Tree Trail loop, where visitors can hike from 5,600 feet up to 6,880 feet. This trail covers a wide ecological range, from lower-elevation mountain mahogany scrub to ponderosa pine woodland on its upper parts.
Dripping Springs Natural Area[6] on the west side of the central rhyolitic portion of the Organ Mountains has a set of interconnected low-elevation trails around La Cueva and entering the lower parts of Fillmore and Ice Canyons.
The Soledad Canyon Day Use Area[7] provides a loop trail in the lower part of Bar Canyon, south of Dripping Springs on the west side of the range.
The southern limestone section is difficult to access and rarely visited. Bishop's Cap can be reached through rugged dirt roads, but has no developed trails. Rattlesnake Ridge is entirely within Fort Bliss and closed to the general public.
National monument status[edit]
President Obama designated the Organ Mountains-Desert Peaks a national monument by executive authority on Wednesday, May 21, 2014. White House press secretary Jay Carney stated that "By establishing the monument, the president will permanently protect more than 496,000 acres to preserve the prehistoric, historic and scientific values of the area for the benefit of all Americans."[8]
See also[edit]
Rio Grande Trail
Prehistoric Trackways National Monument
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Organ Mountains — Desert Peak National Monument, May 21, 2014
Jump up ^ Mesilla Valley: Organ Mountains.
Jump up ^ Halka Chronic, Roadside Geology of New Mexico, Mountain Press, 1987, ISBN 0-87842-209-9, p. 132-133.
Jump up ^ http://web.nmsu.edu/~amato/ingrahamguide/Intro/Intro_master.html
Jump up ^ USDI Bureau of Land Management: Aguirre Spring Campground
Jump up ^ USDI Bureau of Land Management: Dripping Springs Natural Area
Jump up ^ USDI Bureau of Land Management: Soledad Canyon Day Use Area
Jump up ^ Madhani, Aamer. "Obama gives Organ Mountains-Desert Peaks monument status." Article in USA Today, May 19, 2014.
Denver Nicks (08:37pm),"Obama Designates Half-Million Acre National Monument in New Mexico" Time.com accessdate=2014-05-22
[hide]
v
t
e
Mountains of New Mexico
Big Burro Mountains
Soldiers Farewell Hill
Big Hatchet Mountains
Big Hatchet Peak
Black Range
Black Mountain (Catron County)
McKnight Mountain
Chuska Mountains
Beautiful Mountain
Cookes Range
Massacre Peak
Jemez Mountains
Cerro Grande
Chicoma Mountain
Redondo Peak
Magdalena Mountains
South Baldy
Manzano Mountains
Manzano Peak
Mogollon Mountains
Mogollon Baldy
Whitewater Baldy
Organ Mountains
Organ Needle
Peloncillo Mountains
Steins Peak
Pyramid Mountains
Pyramid Peak
Raton-Clayton Volcanic Field
Capulin Volcano
Sierra Grande
Sacramento Mountains
Cathey Peak
San Andres Mountains
Salinas Peak
San Augustin Mountains
San Mateo Mountains
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Mount Taylor
West Blue Mountain
Sangre de Cristo Mountains
Cimarron Range
Baldy Mountain (Colfax County)
Mount Phillips
Taos Mountains
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Wheeler Peak
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San Antonio Mountain
San Mateo Mountains (Socorro County)
Sandia Mountains
Sierra Aguilada
Sierra Blanca
Sierra de las Uvas
West Potrillo Mountains
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Organ Mountains.
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Minerals of Organ Mts.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Organ_Mountains_(New_Mexico)&oldid=830626275"
Categories:
Volcanoes of New Mexico
Mountain ranges of New Mexico
Mountain ranges of Doña Ana County, New Mexico
Bureau of Land Management areas in New Mexico
Bornhardts
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Tularosa Basin
Organ Mountains-Desert Peaks National Monument
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