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Meet the Press
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This article is about the American public affairs program. For the Australian program, see Meet the Press (Australian TV program).
Meet the Press
Genre
Public affairs/news analysis program
Created by
Martha Rountree[1][2]
Lawrence E. Spivak[1]
Directed by
Rob Melick[3]
Presented by
Chuck Todd
(for past moderators, see section)
Narrated by
Fred Facey
Bert Pence
Dennis Haysbert
Theme music composer
John Williams
Opening theme
"The Pulse of Events"[4] (fourth part of The Mission)
Country of origin
United States
Original language(s)
English
No. of seasons
70
No. of episodes
3,600+ [weekly] (as of 2017)
Production
Executive producer(s)
John Reiss
Location(s)
NBC News Washington Bureau, Washington, D.C.
Camera setup
Multi-camera
Running time
30 minutes (1947–1992)
52 minutes (1992–present)
Production company(s)
NBC News Productions
Release
Original network
NBC
Picture format
480i (4:3 SDTV)
(1947–2010)
720p (4:3 SDTV)
(1996–2010)
1080i (16:9 HDTV)
(2010–present)
Original release
November 6, 1947 (1947-11-06) – present
External links
Website
www.nbcnews.com/meet-the-press
Meet the Press[5][6] is a weekly American television news/interview program broadcast on NBC. It is the longest-running program in television history, though the current format bears little resemblance to the debut episode on November 6, 1947.[7] Meet the Press specializes in interviews with leaders in Washington, D.C., across the country and even the world on issues of politics, economics, foreign policy and other public affairs, along with panel discussions that provide opinions and analysis. It originates from NBC's bureau in Washington, D.C.
The longevity of Meet the Press can be illustrated in consideration of the fact that the program debuted during what was only the second official "network television season" for American television. One historical landmark of the program is that it was the first on which a sitting U.S. President, Gerald Ford, appeared on a live television network news program, which occurred on the November 9, 1975 broadcast.
The program has been hosted by 12 different moderators to date, beginning with creator Martha Rountree. The show's moderator since 2014 is Chuck Todd, who also serves as political director for NBC News.[8]
Currently, the hour-long program airs in most markets on Sundays at 9:00 a.m. live in the Eastern Time Zone and on tape delay elsewhere. Meet the Press is also occasionally pre-empted due to network coverage of sports events held outside of the U.S. The program is also rebroadcast on Sundays at 2:00 p.m., and Mondays at 2:00 a.m. and sometimes 4:00 a.m. Eastern Time on MSNBC, whose audio feed is also simulcast on Sirius/XM Satellite Radio. The program is also syndicated by Westwood One to various radio stations around the United States, as well as on C-SPAN Radio as part of its replays of the Sunday morning talk shows.
Contents
[hide]
1 Format
2 History
2.1 Under Russert
2.1.1 Guest moderators
2.2 After Russert
2.2.1 Interim Brokaw era
2.3 Under Gregory
2.4 Transition to Todd
2.4.1 Meet the Press Daily
2.5 High-definition broadcasting
3 Moderators
3.1 On-remote broadcasts (outside D.C. studios)
3.2 Notable guests and events
4 Distribution
5 See also
6 References and footnotes
7 External links
Format[edit]
The program's format consists of an extended one-on-one interview with the host, and is sometimes followed by a roundtable discussion or one-on-two interview with figures in adversarial positions, either Congressional members from opposite sides of the aisle or political commentators. Originally a half-hour program for most of its history, the show expanded to 60 minutes starting with the September 20, 1992, broadcast.[9]
The program also features in-depth examinations of facts behind political and general news stories (particularly as part of a segment called the "Data Download", introduced after Chuck Todd assumed duties as moderator, which is conducted on a touchscreen within the main set.
History[edit]
Meet the Press set, November 1975. On this broadcast, a sitting American president (Gerald Ford) was, for the first time, a guest on a live television network news program.
Meet the Press began on radio on the Mutual Broadcasting System in 1945 as American Mercury Presents: Meet the Press,[10] a program to promote The American Mercury, a magazine that Lawrence E. Spivak purchased in 1935.[11] Before the program aired, Spivak asked journalist Martha Rountree, who had worked in radio and had been employed by Spivak as a roving editor for the magazine, to critique the plans for the new radio show. Based on her advice, Rountree created a new radio program that she called The American Mercury, on October 5, 1945.[2]
On November 6, 1947, while still on the Mutual Broadcasting System, the television rights to the program were purchased by General Foods which began to air the show on the NBC television network with the title shortened to simply Meet the Press; the radio version also adopted the new name. Although some sources credit Spivak with the program's creation,[1][7] Rountree developed the idea on her own, and Spivak joined as co-producer and business partner in the enterprise after the show had already debuted.[2]
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Meet the Press was originally presented as a 30-minute press conference with a single guest and a panel of questioners. Its first guest was James Farley, who served as Postmaster General, Democratic National Committee chairman and campaign manager to Franklin Delano Roosevelt under the first two terms of the New Deal Administration. Creator Rountree served as its first host, the program's only female moderator to date.[2] She stepped down on November 1, 1953, and was succeeded by Ned Brooks, who remained as moderator until his retirement on December 26, 1965.[2] Spivak became the moderator on January 1, 1966, moving up from his role as a permanent panelist. He retired on November 9, 1975, on a special one-hour edition that featured, for the first time, a sitting president, Gerald Ford, as guest. The next week, Bill Monroe, previously a weekly panelist like Spivak had been years before, took over as moderator and stayed until June 2, 1984.
For the next seven and a half years, the program then went through a series of hosts as it struggled in the ratings against ABC's This Week with David Brinkley. Roger Mudd and Marvin Kalb, as co-moderators, followed Monroe for a year, followed by Chris Wallace (who would later to go on to a much longer run as host of the rival program Fox News Sunday) from 1987 to 1988. Garrick Utley, then hosting Weekend Today, concurrently hosted Meet the Press from 1989 through December 1, 1991. All this occurred despite the increasing ratings of NBC News' other programs (and those of the network generally) during that period. The program originally aired at noon Eastern Time every Sunday, before moving to a 9:00 a.m. slot by the early 1990s.
Under Russert[edit]
Meet the Press logo used from September 10, 1995 to June 2008.
Russert interviews General Peter Pace in 2006.
Network officials, concerned for the show's future, turned to Tim Russert, the network's Washington, D.C., bureau chief. He took over as moderator of Meet the Press on December 8, 1991, and remained with the program until his death on June 13, 2008, becoming the longest serving moderator in the program's history.[12]
Under Russert, the program was expanded to one hour and became less of a televised press conference, focusing more on Russert's questions and comments; Russert also engaged in longer in-depth interviews and hosted panels of experts to discuss the topics featured in that week's broadcast. Russert signed off each edition by saying, "That's all for today. We'll be back next week. If it's Sunday, it's Meet the Press."
During the professional football season, Russert, a native of Buffalo, New York, and an avid fan of the Buffalo Bills,[13][14] sometimes added, "Go Bills!," and occasionally would ask panelists, "How 'bout those Sabres?" if Buffalo's NHL hockey team was doing well. Spoofs of the show featured in a recurring sketch on Saturday Night Live often reflected his impromptu additions in support of the two professional sports franchises. By 2006, Meet the Press was the highest-rated program among the Sunday morning talk shows.[15]
Russert died on June 13, 2008, of a sudden coronary thrombosis (caused by a cholesterol plaque rupture).[16] Former NBC Nightly News anchor Tom Brokaw hosted a special edition of Meet the Press dedicated to the life of Russert on June 15, 2008, in which Russert's chair was left empty as a tribute.[17]
Guest moderators[edit]
Andrea Mitchell (from August 15, 2004)[18]
After Russert[edit]
Mark Whitaker was named by NBC News as the division's Washington D.C. Bureau Chief and was given "executive oversight" of Meet the Press.
Interim Brokaw era[edit]
NBC Nightly News anchor Brian Williams acted as moderator of the first show following the June 15 tribute to Russert, with the same guests and subject matter that Russert was planning for when he died.[19]
Following Russert's death, Tom Brokaw was named the interim moderator through the 2008 general elections.[20] Brokaw followed Russert's tradition by signing off with "We'll be back next Sunday because if it's Sunday, it's Meet the Press" (a sign-off that would continue to be used by his successors as moderator). In September of that year, the show was presented with limited commercial interruption.
On August 10, David Gregory moderated the panel discussion during the second half-hour of the broadcast, while Brokaw anchored the first half-hour from the site of the Summer Olympics in Beijing. The following week on August 17, he moderated the entire broadcast. It was also reported on December 1, 2008, that the December 7 broadcast would be Brokaw's last, with Gregory becoming the new permanent host the following Sunday.[21]
Under Gregory[edit]
David Gregory began his tenure as moderator on December 14, 2008. Four days after Gregory's first regular broadcast, on December 18, NBC News political director Chuck Todd was named contributing editor of Meet the Press. Throughout Gregory's tenure as moderator, Meet the Press experienced significant ratings declines. In the final three months of 2013, the program placed third among the Sunday morning talk shows in total viewership, behind CBS's Face the Nation and ABC's This Week for the first time since 1992; it also experienced the lowest ratings in the show's entire history among the key 25-to-54 age viewing demographic during this period.[22] NBC management became uncertain as to the future direction of the program.[23]
A new set was introduced on May 2, 2010, featuring video screens and library-style bookshelves; David Gregory would preview the guests to be featured during each week's broadcast using a large video screen. Different, modified intro music was also introduced, with the Meet the Press theme music in a shorter "modernized [style]... the beginning repeated with drum beats" (see "High-definition broadcasting" below for additional information).[24]
Transition to Todd[edit]
U.S. President Barack Obama participates in an interview with Todd in the Cabinet Room of the White House; September 6, 2014.
In response to declining viewership, rumors surfaced in August 2014 that Gregory would be replaced as the program's moderator. NBC News President Deborah Turness apparently had held discussions with Jon Stewart (host of Comedy Central's satirical news program The Daily Show) to replace Gregory,[25] which Stewart later confirmed in a Rolling Stone interview, saying, "My guess is they were casting as wide and as weird a net as they could. I'm sure part of them was thinking, 'Why don't we just make it a variety show?'"[26]
On August 14, 2014, Turness announced that Chuck Todd, NBC's chief White House correspondent, would take over the role of moderator on September 7, 2014.[8]
Meet the Press Daily[edit]
On September 28, 2015, Meet the Press Daily, hosted by Chuck Todd, debuted on MSNBC.[27]
High-definition broadcasting[edit]
The set utilized from March 17, 1996, to April 25, 2010,[28] had been designed as an experimental set for high-definition broadcasting; several editions of the program (including the first broadcast of a regular series on a major television network in HD) had aired in the format in the 1990s over experimental HD station WHD-TV in Washington, D.C.[29] Despite this, the program continued to be transmitted in 480i standard definition over the NBC network itself. On May 2, 2010, Meet the Press became the last NBC News program to convert to high definition, and unveiled a new set consisting of large video screens mostly used to display Washington scenery, satellite interview subjects and moderator and subject talking points, along with graphics produced for the format.[30]
Moderators[edit]
The following is the list of moderators for Meet the Press:[1]
Martha Rountree 1947–1953
Ned Brooks 1953–1965
Lawrence E. Spivak 1966–1975
Bill Monroe 1975–1984
Roger Mudd and Marvin Kalb
(co-moderators) 1984–1985
Marvin Kalb 1985–1987
Chris Wallace 1987–1988
Garrick Utley 1989–1991
Tim Russert 1991–2008
Tom Brokaw 2008
David Gregory 2008–2014
Chuck Todd 2014–present
On-remote broadcasts (outside D.C. studios)[edit]
Date
Location
Event/Reason
July 17, 1988 Atlanta, Georgia 1988 Democratic National Convention[31]
August 14, 1988 New Orleans, Louisiana 1988 Republican National Convention
December 3, 1989 Malta Malta Summit
July 16, 1989 Paris, France G7
September 9, 1990 Helsinki, Finland Helsinki summit
July 12, 1992 New York City, New York 1992 Democratic National Convention
August 16, 1992 Houston, Texas 1992 Republican National Convention
April 4, 1993 Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada Clinton–Yeltsin summit
January 30, 1994 Atlanta, Georgia Super Bowl XXVIII at the Georgia Dome[32]
September 16, 2001 Camp David Interview with Dick Cheney in the aftermath of the September 11 attacks
January 18, 2004 Des Moines, Iowa 24 hours before the Iowa caucuses[33]
January 25, 2004 Bedford, New Hampshire 48 hours before the New Hampshire primary[34]
February 1, 2004 Milwaukee, Wisconsin Interview with Howard Dean[35]
February 8, 2004 Oval Office Interview with George W. Bush[36]
July 25, 2004 Boston, Massachusetts 2004 Democratic National Convention[37]
August 29, 2004 New York City, New York 2004 Republican National Convention[38]
October 31, 2004 New York City, New York Two days before the U.S. presidential election[39]
October 8, 2007 Des Moines, Iowa Interview with John Edwards[40]
November 11, 2007 Des Moines, Iowa Interview with Barack Obama[41]
December 30, 2007 Des Moines, Iowa Interview with Mike Huckabee, two days before the 2008 Iowa caucuses[42]
January 6, 2008 Bedford, New Hampshire Two days before the New Hampshire primaries
January 13, 2008 South Carolina Interview with Hillary Clinton during her 2008 presidential campaign[43]
January 20, 2008 New York City, New York Roundtable discussion[44]
January 27, 2008 Tampa, Florida[45]
June 29, 2008 Jackson Hole, Wyoming Western Governors' Association annual meeting[46] and Simi Valley, California (Reagan Library)[47]
July 27, 2008 London, England Barack Obama's overseas trip[48]
August 10, 2008 Beijing, China 2008 Beijing Olympics[49]
August 24, 2008 Denver, Colorado 2008 Democratic National Convention[50]
August 31, 2008 Saint Paul, Minnesota 2008 Republican National Convention[51]
September 7, 2008 Wilmington, Delaware Senator Joe Biden appears on the show
October 26, 2008 Waterloo, Iowa John McCain's campaign stop[52]
December 7, 2008 Chicago, Illinois Interview with president-elect Barack Obama; while taped in Chicago, Brokaw introduced and ended the show in D.C.[53]
June 14, 2009 Wilmington, Delaware Vice President Joe Biden appears on the show
August 29, 2010 New Orleans, Louisiana Special broadcast five years after Hurricane Katrina, moderated by Brian Williams
January 1, 2012 Des Moines, Iowa Interview with Rick Santorum, two days before the 2012 Iowa caucuses[54]
January 8, 2012 Bedford, New Hampshire Two days before the New Hampshire primaries
November 2, 2014 New York City, New York Two days before midterm elections
January 31, 2016 Des Moines, Iowa 24 hours before the Iowa caucuses[55]
Notable guests and events[edit]
The following is a partial list of notable guests and milestones for the show.[1]
First guest: James A. Farley, the former Postmaster General of the United States and former Democratic National Committee Chair.
Whittaker Chambers states Alger Hiss was a communist on August 27, 1948, radio broadcast, which leads to libel suit from Hiss, the Pumpkin Papers, and Justice's indictment of Hiss by December 1948.
First female guest: Elizabeth Bentley, a courier for a Communist spy ring, on September 12, 1948.
An interview with Fidel Castro aired April 19, 1959.[56]
Every U.S. President since John F. Kennedy has appeared on Meet the Press, although not necessarily during his presidency. Jimmy Carter used his appearance on January 20, 1980, to announce the United States' boycott of the 1980 Summer Olympics. Ronald Reagan appeared seven times before being elected president, but did not appear during his presidency. Bill Clinton was the guest for the 50th anniversary broadcast on November 9, 1997. The February 8, 2004, interview with George W. Bush was conducted in the Oval Office at the White House. The December 7, 2008, interview was with then President-elect Barack Obama. Donald Trump has appeared on the program a number of times, most recently in October 2016.
The first live communications satellite television interview occurred on Meet the Press on September 19, 1965, with the British Prime Minister Harold Wilson.
Distribution[edit]
In addition to its broadcasts on NBC, Meet the Press also airs on various other NBCUniversal-owned channels domestically and internationally, including MSNBC, CNBC in the United States and Canada, CNBC Europe in Europe and CNBC Asia in Asia. It is also broadcast in Australia on the Seven Network and in the Philippines on 9TV.
Meet the Press is also available as an audio or video podcast,[57] and is simulcast on radio stations by Westwood One (which also handles distribution of all other NBC-produced radio programming, including NBC News Radio).[58]
See also[edit]
The Mission (theme music)
References and footnotes[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b c d e "60th anniversary background information". msnbc.com. Archived from the original on 2007-11-21.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e "Martha Rountree: Radio/Television Producer, Writer, Host". shemadeit.org. Paley Center for Media. Archived from the original on 2016-03-04.
Jump up ^ "Meet the Press - Crdits". NBCUniversal. Retrieved July 31, 2017.
Jump up ^ "The Sounds of War". Slate. April 2003.
Jump up ^ "Meet the Press: Cast & Details". TV Guide. Retrieved December 30, 2008.
Jump up ^ "About Meet The Press". MSNBC.com. Retrieved December 30, 2008.
^ Jump up to: a b "Meet the Press: U.S. Public Affairs/Interview". Museum of Broadcast Communications. Archived from the original on September 25, 2012.
^ Jump up to: a b "Chuck Todd Takes Helm of 'Meet the Press'". NBC News. Retrieved August 14, 2014.
Jump up ^ David Paul Kuhn (2008-06-13). "Memorable Tim Russert moments". Politico. Retrieved 2008-06-14.
Jump up ^ "60 Years Ago in News History: America Meets the Press". Newseum. Archived from the original on November 17, 2008.
Jump up ^ "American Mercury Sold to L. E. Spivak". The New York Times. January 23, 1935. Retrieved 2017-08-02.
Jump up ^ "Fast facts about the longest-running program in TV history". MSNBC.com.
Jump up ^ "In the Hot Seat". The Washington Post. May 23, 2004. Retrieved May 12, 2010.
Jump up ^ "Tim Russert's Commencement Address – CUA Office of Public Affairs".
Jump up ^ "Tim Russert hits ratings milestone". USA Today. April 24, 2006.
Jump up ^ Jill Lawrence (June 14, 2008). "NBC's Tim Russert dead at 58". USA Today. Retrieved December 14, 2008.
Jump up ^ "NBC remembers Russert on first 'Meet the Press' since his death". CNN.com/US. June 15, 2008. Retrieved December 14, 2014.
Jump up ^ "Transcript for August 15 – Meet the Press". msnbc.com. August 15, 2004.
Jump up ^ "June 22: Sen. Joe Biden (D-DE), Sen. Lindsey Graham (R-SC), political roundtable". MSNBC.com. June 22, 2008.
Jump up ^ "NBC's Tom Brokaw to moderate 'Meet the Press' through election". MSNBC.com. Retrieved June 22, 2008.
Jump up ^ Mike Allen (December 1, 2008). "Gregory to host 'Meet the Press'". Politico.
Jump up ^ "NBC's 'Meet The Press' hits historic lows in the final quarter of 2013". Politico. Retrieved August 14, 2014.
Jump up ^ Claire Atkinson (December 21, 2013). "C staff irked as NBC News eyes cuts". New York Post. Retrieved December 23, 2013.
Jump up ^ Mike Allen (December 2, 2008). "Gregory to host 'Meet the Press'". Politico. Retrieved December 30, 2008.
Jump up ^ Gabriel Sherman (October 8, 2014). "NBC Wanted to Hire Jon Stewart to Host Meet the Press". New York Magazine Daily Intelligencer. Retrieved December 14, 2014.
Jump up ^ Andy Greene (October 30, 2014). "Jon Stewart on 'Meet The Press' Offer: 'They Were Casting a Wide and Weird Net'". Rolling Stone. Retrieved December 14, 2014.
Jump up ^ de Moraes, Lisa (September 29, 2015). "Chuck Todd’s ‘MTP Daily’ Debut Clocks 483K Viewers". deadline.com. Archived from the original on June 15, 2017. Retrieved June 15, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Meet the Press reflects on set change". NBCNews.com. Retrieved August 14, 2014.
Jump up ^ Hilliard, Robert L; Keith, Michael C (February 18, 2010). The Broadcast Century and Beyond: A Biography of American Broadcasting. Focal Press. ISBN 978-0240812366. Retrieved May 7, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Sunday, May 2: 'Meet the Press' to broadcast in HD, debut a new set". msnbc.com. May 2, 2010.
Jump up ^ "THE DEMOCRATS IN ATLANTA; Today's Schedule". The New York Times. July 17, 1988. Retrieved November 3, 2013.
Jump up ^ Tim O’Shei (August 1999). "Tim Russert: Sharing Buffalo with America – Part II". Living Primetime.
Jump up ^ "January 18, 2004 – Meet the Press". msnbc.com. January 18, 2004.
Jump up ^ "January 25, 2004 – Meet the Press". msnbc.com. January 25, 2004.
Jump up ^ "February 1, 2004 – Meet the Press". msnbc.com. February 1, 2004.
Jump up ^ "February 8, 2004 – Meet the Press". msnbc.com. February 8, 2004.
Jump up ^ "Transcript for July 25 – Meet the Press". msnbc.com. July 25, 2004.
Jump up ^ "Transcript for August 29 – Meet the Press". msnbc.com. August 29, 2004.
Jump up ^ "Transcript for October 31 – Meet the Press". msnbc.com. October 31, 2004.
Jump up ^ "MTP transcript for Oct. 7, 2007 – Meet the Press". msnbc.com. October 7, 2007.
Jump up ^ "MTP transcript for Nov. 11, 2007 – Meet the Press". msnbc.com. November 11, 2007.
Jump up ^ "Dec. 30: Mike Huckabee, Barack Obama: Meet the Press". msnbc.com. December 30, 2007.
Jump up ^ "Jan. 13: Hillary Clinton – Meet the Press". msnbc.com. January 13, 2008.
Jump up ^ "Jan. 20: Political roundtable – Meet the Press". msnbc.com. January 20, 2008.
Jump up ^ "Jan. 27: John McCain, political roundtable – Meet the Press". msnbc.com. January 27, 2008.
Jump up ^ "June 29: Gov. Arnold Schwarzenegger (R-CA), Gov. Dave Freudenthal (D-WY), Gov. Bill Ritter (D-CO), Chuck Todd – Meet the Press". msnbc.com. June 29, 2008.
Jump up ^ "June 29: Gov. Arnold Schwarzenegger (R-CA), Gov. Dave Freudenthal (D-WY), Gov. Bill Ritter (D-CO), Chuck Todd – Meet the Press". msnbc.com. June 29, 2008.
Jump up ^ "July 27: Sen. Barack Obama (D-IL) – Meet the Press". msnbc.com. July 27, 2008.
Jump up ^ "Aug. 10: Henry Paulson, political roundtable – Meet the Press". msnbc.com. August 10, 2008.
Jump up ^ "Aug. 24: Caroline Kennedy, Speaker of the House Nancy Pelosi (D-CA), political roundtable – Meet the Press". msnbc.com. August 24, 2008.
Jump up ^ "Aug. 31: Gov. Tim Pawlenty (R-MN), political roundtable – Meet the Press". msnbc.com. August 31, 2008.
Jump up ^ "BEHIND THE SCENES: KWWL will host "Meet the Press" this Sunday". KWWL.
Jump up ^ "Dec. 7: President-elect Barack Obama – Meet the Press". msnbc.com. December 7, 2008.
Jump up ^ "NBCNews.com Video Player". MSNBC. Retrieved August 14, 2014.
Jump up ^ "January 31, 2016 – Meet the Press". nbcnews.com. January 31, 2016.
Jump up ^ Harris, Jay S. (editor) (1978). TV Guide: The First 25 Years. New York: New American Library. p. 44. ISBN 0-452-25225-3. CS1 maint: Extra text: authors list (link)
Jump up ^ "Free audio and video downloaded to your PC or portable player". msnbc.com.
Jump up ^ "Meet the Press". Dial Global. Archived from the original on March 15, 2012.
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Meet the Press.
Official website
Meet the Press on IMDb
Meet the Press at TV.com
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Polar moment of inertia
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Polar moment of inertia is a quantity used to predict an object's ability to resist torsion, in objects (or segments of objects) with an invariant circular cross section and no significant warping or out-of-plane deformation.[1] It is used to calculate the angular displacement of an object subjected to a torque. It is analogous to the area moment of inertia, which characterizes an object's ability to resist bending and is required to calculate displacement.
The larger the polar moment of area, the less the beam will twist, when subjected to a given torque.
Polar moment of area should not be confused with moment of inertia, which characterizes an object's angular acceleration due to a torque. See moment (physics).

Note: It has become common to use moment of inertia (MOI) to refer to either or both of the planar second moment of area, I = ∫ A x 2 d A {\displaystyle I=\int _{A}x^{2}\,\mathrm {d} A} , where x is the distance to some reference plane, or the polar second moment of area, I = ∫ A r 2 d A {\displaystyle I=\int _{A}r^{2}\,\mathrm {d} A} , where r is the distance to some reference axis. In each case the integral is over all the infinitesimal elements of area, dA, in some two-dimensional cross-section. Moment of inertia is, strictly, the second moment of mass with respect to distance from an axis: I = ∫ m r 2 d m {\displaystyle I=\int _{m}r^{2}\mathrm {d} m} , where r is the distance to some potential rotation axis, and the integral is over all the infinitesimal elements of mass, dm, in a three-dimensional space occupied by an object. The MOI, in this sense, is the analog of mass for rotational problems.
Contents
[hide]
1 Limitations
2 Definition
3 Unit
4 Conversion from Area Moment of Inertia
5 Application
6 Sample calculation
7 Comparing various moments of inertias for a cylinder
7.1 Polar moment of inertia
8 See also
9 References
10 External links
Limitations[edit]
The polar moment of area cannot be used to analyze shafts with non-circular cross-sections. In such cases, the torsion constant can be substituted instead.
In objects with significant cross-sectional variation(along the axis of the applied torque), which cannot be analyzed in segments, a more complex approach may have to be used. See 3-D elasticity.
However the polar moment of area can be used to calculate the moment of inertia of an object with arbitrary cross-section.
Definition[edit]
A schematic showing how the polar moment of area is calculated for an arbitrary shape about an axis o. ρ is the radial distance to the element dA.
I z = ∫ A ρ 2 d A {\displaystyle I_{z}=\int _{A}\rho ^{2}\,dA}
Iz = the polar moment of area about the axis z
dA = an elemental area
ρ = the radial distance to the element dA from the axis z

For a circular section with radius r:
I z = ∫ 0 2 π ∫ 0 r ρ 2 ρ d ρ d ϕ = π r 4 2 {\displaystyle I_{z}=\int _{0}^{2\pi }\int _{0}^{r}\rho ^{2}\rho \,d\rho \,d\phi ={\frac {\pi r^{4}}{2}}}
Unit[edit]
The SI unit for polar moment of area, like the area moment of inertia, is meter to the fourth power (m4).
Conversion from Area Moment of Inertia[edit]
By the perpendicular axis theorem, the following equation relates Iz to the area moments of inertia about the other two mutually perpendicular axes:[2]
I z = I x + I y {\displaystyle I_{z}=I_{x}+I_{y}}
I x = I y {\displaystyle I_{x}=I_{y}} is only true for a circular or hollow circular section with a constant thickness.
For non circular cross section analytical formulas are needed:[3] torsion constant.
Second moment of inertia, Iz, is the resistance of a solid to being twisted. Polar moment of inertia, Ip or J, is the inertia moment of a rotating solid[4]
Application[edit]
The polar moment of area appears in the formulae that describe torsional stress and angular displacement.
Torsional stresses:
τ = T r J z {\displaystyle \tau ={\frac {Tr}{J_{z}}}}
where T {\displaystyle T} is the torque, r {\displaystyle r} is the distance from the center and J z {\displaystyle J_{z}} is the polar moment of area.
In a circular shaft, the shear stress is maximal at the surface of the shaft.
Sample calculation[edit]
The rotor of a modern steam turbine.
Calculation of the steam turbine shaft radius for a turboset:
Assumptions:
Power carried by the shaft is 1000 MW; this is typical for a large nuclear power plant.
Yield stress of the steel used to make the shaft (τyield) is: 250 × 106 N/m².
Electricity has a frequency of 50 Hz; this is the typical frequency in Europe. In North America the frequency is 60 Hz. This is assuming that there is a 1:1 correlation between rotational velocity of turbine and the frequency of mains power.
The angular frequency can be calculated with the following formula:
ω = 2 π f {\displaystyle \omega =2\pi f}
The torque carried by the shaft is related to the power by the following equation:
P = T ω {\displaystyle P=T\omega }
The angular frequency is therefore 314.16 rad/s and the torque 3.1831 × 106 N·m.
The maximal torque is:
T max = τ max J z r {\displaystyle T_{\max }={\frac {\tau _{\max }J_{z}}{r}}}
After substitution of the polar moment of inertia the following expression is obtained:
r = 2 T max π τ max 3 {\displaystyle r={\sqrt[{3}]{\frac {2T_{\max }}{\pi \tau _{\max }}}}}
The radius is 0.200 m. If one adds a factor of safety of 5 and re-calculates the radius with the maximal stress equal to the yield stress/5 the result is a radius of 0.343 m, or a diameter of 69 cm, the approximate size of a turboset shaft in a nuclear power plant.
Comparing various moments of inertias for a cylinder[edit]
Polar moment of inertia[edit]
Hollow cylinder
I z = π ( D 4 − d 4 ) 32 {\displaystyle I_{z}={\frac {\pi \left(D^{4}-d^{4}\right)}{32}}}
Mass moment of inertia
J z = I z ρ l = π ρ l ( D 4 − d 4 ) 32 {\displaystyle J_{z}=I_{z}\rho l={\frac {\pi \rho l\left(D^{4}-d^{4}\right)}{32}}}
Solid cylinder
I z = π D 4 32 {\displaystyle I_{z}={\frac {\pi D^{4}}{32}}}
Mass moment of inertia
J z = I z ρ l = π ρ l D 4 32 {\displaystyle J_{z}=I_{z}\rho l={\frac {\pi \rho lD^{4}}{32}}}
where:
d {\displaystyle d} is the inner diameter in m
D {\displaystyle D} is the outside diameter in m
J z {\displaystyle J_{z}} is the mass moment of inertia in kg·m2
l {\displaystyle l} is the length of cylinder in m
ρ {\displaystyle \rho } is the specific mass in kg/m3
See also[edit]
Torsion constant
Torsion spring
Torsion bar
Area moment of inertia
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Ugural AC, Fenster SK. Advanced Strength and Applied Elasticity. 3rd Ed. Prentice-Hall Inc. Englewood Cliffs, NJ. 1995. ISBN 0-13-137589-X.
Jump up ^ http://www.efunda.com/math/areas/MomentOfInertia.cfm
Jump up ^ Blodgeit. Design of Welded Structures (1982). Section 2.10.2.
Jump up ^ "What is the difference between the Polar Moment of Inertia, IPIP and the torsional constant, JTJT of a cross section?". |first1= missing |last1= in Authors list (help)
External links[edit]
Torsion of Shafts - engineeringtoolbox.com
Elastic Properties and Young Modulus for some Materials - engineeringtoolbox.com
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Polar_moment_of_inertia&oldid=805920942"
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List of Sailor Moon S episodes
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (June 2008) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
Pretty Soldier Sailor Moon S
The anime series title, which originally translates to Pretty Soldier Sailor Moon S, also known as "Bishōjo Senshi Sera Mūn Super"
Country of origin
Japan
No. of episodes
38
Release
Original network
TV Asahi
Original release
March 19, 1994 (1994-03-19) – February 25, 1995 (1995-02-25)
Season chronology
← Previous
Sailor Moon R
Next →
Sailor Moon SuperS
List of Sailor Moon episodes
The third season of the Sailor Moon anime series, titled Pretty Soldier Sailor Moon S[1][2] (美少女戦士セーラームーン S (スーパー), Bishōjo Senshi Sērā Mūn Sūpā), was produced by Toei Animation and directed by Kunihiko Ikuhara. It began broadcasting on TV Asahi on March 19, 1994, and ended on February 25, 1995. Like the rest of the series, it adapts the manga series by Naoko Takeuchi and follows the adventures of Usagi Tsukino and her friends. In 2000, Cloverway Inc. licensed the season for an unedited English-language broadcast in North America. Optimum Productions continued to dub the series. The series aired on YTV, who adjusted the episode numbers to match those of the original Japanese version,[3] from June 12, 2000 to August 1, 2000. Edited and unedited videotapes as well as uncut bilingual DVDs of their adaptation were released by Pioneer Entertainment. In contrast to DIC Entertainment's dub of the first two seasons, Cloverway retained the background music and sound effects from the original Japanese version. Eventually, in 2014, Viz Media licensed the series from the start for an uncut release, and released the first part of the season on November 15, 2016 and the second part on June 20, 2017. While Sailor Moon S began very similarly to the first two seasons, Sailor Moon S eventually took a darker, more emotional turn.
One of the controversies surrounding Sailor Moon S is in the romantic-lesbian relationship of Sailor Uranus and Sailor Neptune, who are subtly depicted as romantic lovers, although this is never mentioned directly. Takeuchi has openly admitted they are a romantic couple,[4] and their voice actresses were instructed to play the characters "as if they are a married romantic couple."[5] However, because of differing cultural standards, most countries outside Japan, excluding Greece, Germany, Sweden, Spain and Mexico, have censored the relationship. Alternatively, in the Cloverway/Optimum English-dubbed version, this subtext was made more taboo by way of portraying Neptune and Uranus as biological cousins who were involved in a romantic relationship with each other.[6] The Studiopolis/Viz Media English-language ReDub preserves the subtext of the original material.
In the 1995 favorite episode polls for Animage, "Death of Uranus and Neptune!? Talismans Appear" came in first place, "The Bond of Destiny! The Distant Days of Uranus" came in eighth place, and "The Labyrinth of Water! Ami the Targeted" came in ninth place.[7] The following year, "A Bright Shooting Star! Saturn, and the Messiah" came in fifteenth place.[8]
Three pieces of theme music used: one opening theme and two ending themes. The opening theme, an updated version of "Moonlight Densetsu" is performed by Moon Lips. The first ending theme, used for the first two episodes, is "Otome no Policy" performed by Yoko Ishida. The second ending theme, used for the remainder of the season, is "Tuxedo Mirage" performed by Peach Hips, a group consisting of voice actresses Kotono Mitsuishi, Michie Tomizawa, Aya Hisakawa, Emi Shinohara and Rika Fukami. Cloverway used the English-language version of "Moonlight Densetsu" first commissioned for DiC Entertainment's dub of the first season and R for their adaptation.
Contents
[hide]
1 Episode list (1994–1995)
2 Video and DVD releases
2.1 English
2.1.1 DVD
2.1.1.1 United States
2.1.2 Blu-ray
2.1.2.1 United States
3 References
Episode list (1994–1995)[edit]
No.
Cloverway inc. title[3]
Original Japanese[9] and Viz Media [10] titles
Episode director(s)
Writer(s)
Art director(s)
Animation director(s)
Original airdate[9]
English airdate (United States)
90
"Star Struck, Bad Luck"
"Premonition of the Apocalypse: The Mysterious New Guardians Appear"
"Chikyū hōkai no yokan? Nazo no shin Senshi shutsugen" (地球崩壊の予感?謎の新戦士出現) Junichi Sato Sukehiro Tomita Kenichi Tajiri Masahiro Andō March 19, 1994 June 12, 2000
After experiencing apocalyptic visions, Rei is attacked by a powerful monster called a Daimon that Sailor Moon is unable to fight after it disables her brooch, reversing her transformation. The Daimon is defeated by a pair of mysterious new warriors, leaving the girls to despondently realize that a new conflict has begun.
91
"Crystal Clear Again"
"The Rod of Love Is Born: Usagi's New Transformation"
"Ai no roddo tanjō! Usagi no shin henshin" (愛のロッド誕生!うさぎの新変身) Yūji Endō Shigeru Yanagawa Yoshiyuki Shikano Katsumi Tamegai March 26, 1994 June 13, 2000
While Mamoru strives to cheer Usagi up after her failure in the previous battle, a young girl is the latest target of the Death Busters. Due to Usagi's inability to transform, the under-powered Sailor Team struggles to fight off the Daimon and are once again forced to rely on the mysterious two warriors. Once they determine the girl's pure heart is not a talisman, they leave the Sailor Team to fend for themselves. Meanwhile, Tuxedo Mask and Usagi hold hands after the latter's refusal to escape, and through the power of their love, Usagi's disabled Crystal Star brooch transforms into the Cosmic Heart Compact, and she gains the Spiral Heart Moon Rod and, along with it, the ability to transform and defeat the new enemy.
92
"Driving Dangerously"
"A Handsome Boy? Haruka Tenoh's Secret"
"Suteki na bishōnen? Ten'ō Haruka no himitsu" (素敵な美少年?天王はるかの秘密) Kunihiko Ikuhara Katsuyuki Sumisawa Kazuhisa Asai Hisashi Kagawa April 16, 1994 June 14, 2000
Avoiding their study group, Usagi and Minako meet Haruka Tenou, an attractive and supposedly male student of a prestigious local school, with whom they both become infatuated. After Minako is defeated in a racing game, Michiru arrives to pick up Haruka, and the two depart with Usagi and Minako soon following behind them. Once Michiru and Haruka separate at a mechanic's shop, Usagi and Minako take this as their chance, and Haruka tells them about "him"-self until a Daimon arrives to attack Kameda, the shop mechanic. The Daimon starts to escape when Usagi and Minako transform into their Guardian forms to chase it down, when Uranus and Neptune arrive to investigate Kameda's pure heart crystal. When it turns out not to be a talisman they retreat and Sailor Moon defeats the Daimon. Later, the rest of the girls are at Crown Game Center with Usagi and Minako in hopes of seeing the cute boy they'd told them about; Michiru arrives with a blonde girl, whom Usagi and Minako initially fail to realize is Haruka; once they do, Minako falls to the ground in anguish, and Haruka notes that she'd never said she was male.
93
"Bad Harmony"
"Usagi's Idol: The Graceful Genius Michiru"
"Usagi no akogare! Yūbi no tensai Michiru" (うさぎの憧れ!優美な天才みちる) Hiroki Shibata Megumi Sugihara Kazuyuki Hashimoto Taichi Nakamura April 23, 1994 June 15, 2000
When Usagi is concerned that she is not smart enough to be with Mamoru after being scolded by the other girls, she seeks advice from Michiru Kaioh, who suggests that Usagi and Mamoru go to a violin recital.
94
"Swept Off Her Feet"
"Protect the Pure Heart: The Three-Way Battle"
"Pyua na kokoro wo mamore! Teki mikata mittsu tomoe ransen" (純な心を守れ!敵味方三つ巴乱戦) Noriyo Sasaki Sukehiro Tomita Kenichi Tajiri Ikuko Itō April 30, 1994 June 16, 2000
Usagi's friend, Unazuki, is attacked by a Daimon and has her pure heart crystal stolen. But when Sailor Moon tries to take the crystal back to Unazuki, Uranus and Neptune attempt to steal it in order to claim the Talisman.
95
"Blinded By Love's Light"
"Let Moon Help With Your Love Problems"
"Koi no otasuke wa Mūn ni omakase" (恋のおたすけはムーンにおまかせ) Harume Kosaka Shigeru Yanagawa Yoshiyuki Shikano Mari Tominaga May 7, 1994 June 19, 2000
Naru and Umino enter an affection contest in order to prove their strong mutual romantic love for each other, but find themselves targeted by a Daimon.
96
"Lita Borrows Trouble"
"Coldhearted Uranus: Makoto in Danger"
"Reikoku na Uranusu? Makoto no pinchi" (冷酷なウラヌス?まことのピンチ) Kōnosuke Uda Yoji Enokido Kazuhisa Asai Masahiro Andō May 14, 1994 June 20, 2000
Makoto is targeted by a Daimon, but manages to temporarily evade it. Keen to analyze her pure heart crystal, Haruka befriends Makoto in order to get close to her.
97
"Damp Spirits"
"The Labyrinth of Water: Ami Targeted"
"Mizu no rabarinsu! Nerawareta Ami" (水のラビリンス!ねらわれた亜美) Junichi Sato Megumi Sugihara Kazuyuki Hashimoto Katsumi Tamegai May 21, 1994 June 21, 2000
Ami's desire to avoid competition leads her to offending Michiru inadvertently in a swimming race, as well as Usagi accidentally hurting Ami's feelings. Meanwhile, a Daimon selects Ami as a target.
98
"Friendly Foes"
"To Save Our Friends: Moon and Uranus Join Forces"
"Tomodachi wo sukue! Mūn Uranusu rengō" (友達を救え!ムーンウラヌス連合) Yūji Endō Sukehiro Tomita Kenichi Tajiri Taichi Nakamura May 28, 1994 June 22, 2000
After Sailor Neptune is captured and possibly killed by Kaolinite, Sailor Moon and Sailor Uranus find themselves shackled together and forced to reassess their less-than-friendly attitudes toward each other in order to save Sailor Neptune from further harm.
99
"Mixed Emotions"
"A Man’s Kindness: Yuichiro Heartbroken by Rei"
"Otoko no yasashisa! Yūichirō Rei ni shitsuren?" (男の優しさ!雄一郎レイに失恋?) Harume Kosaka Megumi Sugihara Yoshiyuki Shikano Shinya Hasegawa June 18, 1994 June 23, 2000
Worried by Rei's intensive meditation, Yuuichirou becomes concerned that she has fallen deeply head-over-heels in love for another man. When he sees her with Haruka and mistakes her for a man, Yuuichirou is convinced that "he" is Rei's new romantic suitor.
100
"Individual Happiness"
"I Want to Quit Being a Sailor Guardian: Minako's Dilemma"
"Sērā Senshi wo yametai!? Minako no nayami" (S戦士を辞めたい!?美奈子の悩み) Hiroki Shibata Yoji Enokido Kazuhisa Asai Mari Tominaga June 25, 1994 June 26, 2000
Minako is despondent about her double life of being a Sailor Guardian and a normal girl. Meanwhile, an old friend of hers, who she once fell in love with, is attacked by a Daimon, and Minako, as Sailor Venus, must use her skills of volleyball to save him.
101
"Birthday Blues, Part 1"
"Usagi in Tears: a Glass Slipper for My Birthday"
"Usagi namida! Tanjōbi ni garasu no kutsu wo" (うさぎ涙!誕生日にガラスの靴を) Yūji Endō Katsuyuki Sumisawa Kazuyuki Hashimoto Masahiro Andō July 2, 1994 June 27, 2000
Usagi is furious when Mamoru forgets her 15th birthday. When Mamoru buys her an expensive pair of glass slippers to make up for it, he fails to realize that Kaolinite sabotaged the shoes with a Daimon egg to steal her pure heart crystal. To make matters worse, Kaolinite steals Usagi's Cosmic Heart Compact leaving her unable to transform, and Tuxedo Mask gets captured.
102
"Birthday Blues, Part Two"
"The Stolen Pure Heart: Usagi's Crisis"
"Ubawareta pyua na kokoro! Usagi zettai zetsumei" (奪われた純な心!うさぎ絶体絶命) Noriyo Sasaki Katsuyuki Sumisawa Kenichi Tajiri Taichi Nakamura July 16, 1994 June 28, 2000
With the Cosmic Heart Compact stolen and Tuxedo Mask kidnapped, Usagi and the four other Sailor Guardians, along with Sailors Uranus and Neptune, go to retake the compact so Usagi can become Sailor Moon again, rescue Tuxedo Mask and face Kaolinite in a final showdown at Tokyo Tower.
103
"Hello, Sailor Mini Moon"
"The Arrival of a Tiny Pretty Guardian"
"Yatte kita chiccha na Bishōjo Senshi" (やって来たちっちゃな美少女戦士) Kunihiko Ikuhara Shigeru Yanagawa Yoshiyuki Shikano Kazuya Kuroda August 6, 1994 June 29, 2000
Eudial, and the Witches 5 are tasked to take over from Kaolinite's position, in which they target a genius drummer recruited to play at a festival for Rei. The Sailor Guardians cannot defeat the Daimon who attacks her, but Chibiusa arrives as the Guardians' newest ally, Sailor Chibi-Moon.
104
"Tainted Tea Party"
"Making New Friends: Chibi Moon's Adventure"
"Tomodachi wo motomete! Chibi Mūn no katsuyaku" (友達を求めて!ちびムーンの活躍) Junichi Sato Megumi Sugihara Kazuhisa Asai Ikuko Itō August 20, 1994 June 30, 2000
Chibiusa, who has returned from Crystal Tokyo for further training, attempts to adapt to her new home by making friends her age. She tries to befriend a master who does tea ceremonies, only to become the Death Busters' latest target.
105
"People Who Need People"
"I Want Power: Mako Lost in Doubt"
"Pawā ga hoshī! Mako-chan no mayoi michi" (力が欲しい!まこちゃんの迷い道) Hiroki Shibata Shigeru Yanagawa Yoshiyuki Shikano Mari Tominaga August 27, 1994 July 3, 2000
Makoto is training in the mountains, trying to become much stronger after being easily defeated by a Daimon before. Her trainer is attacked, and tells her that nobody can live alone. She attacks the Daimon, fails, and realizes she needs her best friends in order to win.
106
"Related By Destiny"
"The Bond of Destiny: Uranus's Distant Past"
"Unmei no kizuna! Uranusu no tōi hi" (運命のきずな!ウラヌスの遠い日) Takuya Igarashi Yoji Enokido Kenichi Tajiri Katsumi Tamegai September 3, 1994 July 4, 2000
Haruka remembers the past when she first met Michiru, who told her that she was destined to become Sailor Uranus. Haruka initially refused that destiny, for she loved her life too much and was afraid of change. Haruka was attacked, and Sailor Neptune was injured while defending her. In her anguish, Haruka took the transformation pen and accepted her destiny as Sailor Uranus, the Sailor Guardian of the Sky.
107
"Art Appreciation"
"Art Is an Explosion of Love: Chibiusa’s First Love"
"Geijutsu wa ai no bakuhatsu! Chibiusa no hatsukoi" (芸術は愛の爆発!ちびうさの初恋) Yūji Endō Katsuyuki Sumisawa Minoru Ōkōchi Taichi Nakamura September 10, 1994 July 5, 2000
Chibiusa meets a boy named Masanori at her art class and develops a crush on him. Unfortunately, he already has a crush on Michiru, who is taking a class at that school as well. When a Daimon attacks Masanori, Chibiusa must take a stand to protect him.
108
"Everything's Coming Up Rosey"
"Usagi Dancing to the Waltz"
"Usagi no dansu wa warutsu ni notte" (うさぎのダンスはワルツに乗って) Harume Kosaka Megumi Sugihara Kazuhisa Asai Masahiro Andō September 17, 1994 July 6, 2000
An English gentleman named Edwards invites Mamoru and the girls to a fancy party, where Usagi accidentally becomes drunk and the team is forced to confront a fashionable Eudial and her latest Daimon.
109
"No Turning Back"
"The Shocking Moment: Everyone’s Identities Revealed"
"Shōgeki no toki! Akasareta tagai no shōtai" (衝撃の刻!明かされた互いの正体) Junichi Sato Sukehiro Tomita Yoshiyuki Shikano Kazuya Kuroda September 24, 1994 July 7, 2000
Minako becomes jealous that a Daimon has not yet attacked her, and she fears that she does not have a pure heart. After doing as many "pure" things as she can, she is attacked, and her pure heart is taken from her. When Eudial nearly gets away, Usagi is forced to reveal her identity to Haruka & Michiru, who in turn, reveal their identities as Sailors Uranus and Neptune to Sailor Moon.
110
"Destiny's Arrival"
"The Death of Uranus and Neptune: The Talisman Appear"
"Uranusu-tachi no shi? Tarisuman shutsugen" (ウラヌス達の死?タリスマン出現) Kunihiko Ikuhara Yoji Enokido Kenichi Tajiri Mari Tominaga October 15, 1994 July 10, 2000
Faced with losing her position at Witches 5, Eudial creates a computer program to find the true owners of the three Talismans, and learns that Haruka and Michiru are the ones who hold two of the Talismans within their own hearts! They take away Usagi's brooch, and follow Eudial onto a lonely island. However, the invitation turns out to be a trick, and Michiru’s pure heart is taken, which turns into the mystical Deep Aqua Mirror. Haruka, in order to release her own talisman, shoots herself with Eudial's gun. Her pure heart transforms into the mystical Space Sword.
111
"The Purity Chalice"
"The Holy Grail's Mystical Power: Moon's Double Transformation"
"Seihai no shinpi na chikara! Mūn nidan henshin" (聖杯の神秘な力!ムーン二段変身) Hiroki Shibata Sukehiro Tomita Kazuyuki Hashimoto Ikuko Itō October 22, 1994 July 11, 2000
Sailor Pluto appears and reawakens Sailors Uranus and Neptune, and the three talismans resonate with each other (the third and last being Sailor Pluto's Garnet Orb). The Holy Grail appears, and Sailor Moon grabs it and evolves into Super Sailor Moon, who drives Eudial out. Mimete then kills Eudial by sabotaging her car with snails.
112
"Show Stoppers"
"Who is the True Messiah? Chaos of Light and Darkness"
"Shin no kyūseishu wa dare? Hikari to kage no kaosu" (真の救世主は誰?光と影のカオス) Noriyo Sasaki Shigeru Yanagawa Minoru Ōkōchi Shinya Hasegawa November 5, 1994 July 12, 2000
The girls end up watching the filming of a movie, where Chibiusa encounters Hotaru, whom she quickly befriends. But in the end, she is revealed to be the 12-year-old daughter of Professor Souichi Tomoe, the possessed leader of the Death Busters. Super Sailor Moon uses her new "Rainbow Moon Heartache" attack to defeat the Daimon of the day.
113
"Rini's Risky Friendship"
"A House Filled With Evil Presence: The Beautiful Hotaru’s Secret"
"Yōki tadayou ie! Bishōjo Hotaru no himitsu" (妖気漂う家!美少女ほたるの秘密) Kōnosuke Uda Megumi Sugihara Kenichi Tajiri Taichi Nakamura November 12, 1994 July 13, 2000
The three Outer Guardians appear to Tuxedo Mask, and tell him why they cannot fight alongside Sailor Moon and the other four Sailor Guardians. Usagi and Chibiusa visit Hotaru, and see a woman who looks like Kaolinite. The Messiah of Silence appears demanding pure hearts.
114
"Mimet's Mess"
"I Love Idols: Mimete's Dilemma"
"Aidoru daisuki! Nayameru Mimetto" (アイドル大好き!悩めるミメット) Harume Kosaka Yoji Enokido Yoshiyuki Shikano Masahiro Andō November 19, 1994 July 14, 2000
Minako and Mimete enter a beauty contest at the same time, with Mimete willing to risk it all to obtain victory. Both fall short of the needed votes to win the idol position, and Mimete decides to just go back to her evil ways.
115
"The Shadow of Silence"
"Shadow of Silence: The Pale Glimmer of a Firefly"
"Chinmoku no kage!? Awaki Hotaru hi no yurameki" (沈黙の影!?あわき蛍火のゆらめき) Takuya Igarashi Yoji Enokido Kenichi Tajiri Katsumi Tamegai November 26, 1994 July 17, 2000
Hotaru overexerts herself, and is hospitalized, during which her past without friends is shown, and the reasons for it. Meanwhile, Mimete targets a soap opera actor, during which the attacking Daimon runs near Hotaru, who glows and completely freezes the Daimon.
116
"Thorny Weather"
"Sunny Skies After a Storm: A Friendship Dedicated to Hotaru"
"Arashi nochi hare! Hotaru ni sasageru yūjō" (嵐のち晴れ!ほたるに捧げる友情) Yūji Endō Megumi Sugihara Kazuhisa Asai Jouji Yanase December 3, 1994 July 18, 2000
Mamoru takes Usagi, Chibiusa and Hotaru to a botanical garden that is tended by Yoshiki Kurebayashi, an old classmate of his. While there, Mimete targets Yoshiki's pure heart and causes a storm that puts the plants at risk. Sailor Moon defeats the accompanying Daimon, U-Bara.
117
"Heightened Hazard"
"Higher and Stronger: A Cheer from Usagi"
"Yori takaku yori tsuyoku! Usagi no ōen" (より高くより強く!うさぎの応援) Kunihiko Ikuhara Shigeru Yanagawa Minoru Ōkōchi Taichi Nakamura December 10, 1994 July 19, 2000
Hotaru wishes to give a letter to Shun Hayase, a famous athlete. He becomes targeted when she goes to give it to him, and she possessively blasts the enemy with a hugely strong amount of energy. She talks to Shun about being frail and weak, and he thanks her for talking to him.
118
"It's In The Cards"
"The Battle Inside the Demonic Space: The Sailor Guardians' Gamble"
"Makū no tatakai! Sērā Senshi no kake" (魔空の戦い!セーラー戦士の賭け) Noriyo Sasaki Katsuyuki Sumisawa Kenichi Tajiri Masahide Yanagisawa December 17, 1994 July 20, 2000
Mimete attempts to create a Daimon by herself, throwing the entire Tomoe house into another dimension. The Guardians enter the dimension and are defeated by a game-master Daimon named U-Ikasaman. Hotaru manages to assist in her defeat by the use of a bluff.
119
"Goodness Eclipsed"
"The Messiah of Silence Awakens? Stars of Destiny"
"Chinmoku no Meshia kakusei? Unmei no hoshiboshi" (沈黙のメシアの覚せい?運命の星々) Harume Kosaka Yoji Enokido Kazuhisa Asai Shinya Hasegawa December 24, 1994 September 13, 2000
The Sailor Guardians visit a planetarium, where a man is attacked by a Daimon. The symbol of Saturn appears on Hotaru's forehead, and she attacks the Daimon. However, Sailor Uranus, Neptune, and Pluto attack Hotaru, since she is both Sailor Saturn, the Sailor Guardian of Silence, Ruin and Birth, and also possessed by the Messiah of Silence. Super Sailor Moon takes the blow to protect Hotaru.
120
"Next In Line"
"An Invasion from an Another Dimension: Mystery of Infinity Academy"
"Ijigen kara no shinryaku! Mugen Gakuen no nazo" (異次元からの侵略!無限学園の謎) Kōnosuke Uda Megumi Sugihara Minoru Ōkōchi Katsumi Tamegai January 7, 1995 July 21, 2000
Chibiusa goes to Hotaru's house to find that Hotaru has disappeared, and is devastated about it. At the same time, the Sailor Guardians investigate Infinity Academy, where Mimete tries one final time to defeat them before Tellu literally pulls the plug on her operation.
121
"Fiendish Ferns"
"A Bewitching Flower That Steals Hearts: Tellu, the Third Witch"
"Kokoro wo ubau yōka! Daisan no majō Teruru" (心を奪う妖花!第三の魔女テルル) Takuya Igarashi Shigeru Yanagawa Kazuyuki Hashimoto Taichi Nakamura January 14, 1995 July 24, 2000
Tellu develops a new plan to steal pure hearts, using a plant bred for that purpose. Setsuna realizes it is an alien plant made to steal pure hearts, and warns the Sailor Guardians. Tuxedo Mask causes a mutated plant to destroy Tellu, leading to them tracing her back to the mysterious Infinity Academy.
122
"The Science Of Love"
"Believe in Love: Ami, the Kindhearted Guardian"
"Ai wo shinjite! Ami, kokoro yasashiki Senshi" (愛を信じて!亜美心優しき戦士) Yūji Endō Sukehiro Tomita Kenichi Tajiri Hideyuki Motohashi January 21, 1995 July 25, 2000
Ami investigates the Infinity Academy, where she meets Viluy, the fourth of the Witches 5. Viluy attempts to use her nanorobots to steal pure hearts from entrance exam takers. But after her battle, her own microscopic robots turn against her, destroying her in the process.
123
"Wake Up Call"
"Shadows of Destruction: the Messiah of Silence Awakens"
"Hametsu no kage! Chinmoku no Meshia no mezame" (破滅の影!沈黙のメシアの目覚め) Harume Kosaka Megumi Sugihara Minoru Ōkōchi Mari Tominaga January 28, 1995 July 26, 2000
The last of the Witches 5, Cyprine steals pure hearts from Infinity Academy students, and the Sailor Guardians engage Cyprine, and her alter-ego, Ptilol, in a showdown. Meanwhile, Chibiusa is abducted by the recently resurrected Kaolinite, and her pure heart is stolen by Mistress 9, having taken over Hotaru's body, which allows her to awaken as the Messiah of Silence.
124
"Who's Really Who?"
"The Coming Terror of Darkness: Struggle of the Eight Guardians"
"Semari kuru yami no kyōfu! Kusen no Hassenshi" (迫り来る闇の恐怖!苦戦の8戦士) Takuya Igarashi Yoji Enokido Kazuyuki Hashimoto Ikuko Itō February 4, 1995 July 28, 2000
Mistress 9 uses all remaining Daimon eggs to create a powerful energized shield of evil minions around Infinity Academy. Sailor Moon is abducted, as she is the holder of the Holy Grail. After witnessing Sailor Pluto ultimately sacrificing herself to save them by using her forbidden ability to stop time, Sailor Uranus and Sailor Neptune destroy Germatoid, the Daimon possessing Professor Souichi Tomoe with their talismans, the Deep Aqua Mirror and the Space Sword.
125
"Darkness, My Old Friend"
"The Shining Shooting Star: Saturn and the Messiah"
"Kagayaku ryūsei! Satān soshite kyūseishu" (輝く流星!サターンそして救世主) Kōnosuke Uda Yoji Enokido Kenichi Tajiri Ikuko Itō February 11, 1995 July 29, 2000
Sailor Moon is tricked into giving Mistress 9 the Holy Grail, which she uses to summon Pharaoh 90 to Earth. Hotaru regains consciousness with the assistance of Sailor Moon and her father, destroying Mistress 9 and fully awakening the spirit of Sailor Saturn within herself at last. Sailor Saturn herself returns Chibiusa's pure heart crystal, and then appears before Sailor Moon to ultimately sacrifice herself and destroy Pharaoh 90 once and for all with her destructive powers, but Sailor Moon gains the help of the other six Sailor Guardians to become Super Sailor Moon once more, and save both Hotaru and Sailor Saturn, who is reborn as a baby immediately afterward.
126
"Second Chance"
"A New Life: Parting of the Stars of Destiny"
"Atarashiki seimei! Unmei no hoshiboshi betsuri no toki" (新しき生命!運命の星々別離の時) Yūji Endō Megumi Sugihara Kazuhisa Asai Taichi Nakamura February 18, 1995 July 30, 2000
Haruka and Michiru give the newly reborn infant Hotaru to a still-healing Professor Souichi Tomoe, who is finally free of the Death Busters. However, they viciously attack Sailor Moon, for she protected Hotaru's body and Sailor Saturn, and risked the whole entire world for one mere life. The Silver Crystal throws them back, and they kneel to her as their leader and leave the city.
127
"Tough Kindness"
"A Guardian’s Realization: Strength Lies Within a Pure Heart"
"Senshi no Jikaku! Tsuyosa wa Pyua na Kokoro no Naka ni" (戦士の自覚! 強さは純な心の中に) Harume Kosaka Sukehiro Tomita February 25, 1995 August 1, 2000
Chibiusa returns to the future after receiving a letter from her mother, Neo-Queen Serenity. Meanwhile, a final Daimon emerges from the rubble of Infinity Academy, and Chibiusa returns just in time to help defeat it.
Video and DVD releases[edit]
English[edit]
DVD[edit]
United States[edit]
Viz Media (Region 1)
Volume
Episodes
Release date
Ref.
Season 3 Part 1 90-108 November 15, 2016 [11]
Season 3 Part 2 109-127 June 20, 2017 [12]
Blu-ray[edit]
United States[edit]
Viz Media (Region A)
Volume
Episodes
Release date
Ref.
Season 3 Part 1 90-108 November 15, 2016 [13]
Season 3 Part 2 109-127 June 20, 2017 [14]
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "美少女戦士セーラームーンS DVD‐COLLECTION Vol.1". toei-video.co.jp. Toei Video. Retrieved 25 July 2014.
Jump up ^ "美少女戦士セーラームーンS DVD‐COLLECTION Vol.2(完)". toei-video.co.jp. Toei Video. Retrieved 25 July 2014.
^ Jump up to: a b YTV at https://web.archive.org. "YTV - Shows - Sailor Moon". Archived from the original on 2002-02-04. Retrieved 2006-10-15.
Jump up ^ "Interview with Naoko Takeuchi". Retrieved 2007-03-29.
Jump up ^ Johnson, Dany (2001-04-21). "Q & A Rocking the Boat". Akadot. Digital Manga, Inc. Retrieved 2007-02-21. When I was cast to play Haruka, I asked director Kunihiko Ikuhara, "Are they gay?" He answered, "Act as if they are a married couple." And I asked him again, "Married couple? You, mean, with two ladies?" He replied, "Yes." So they are husband and wife.
Jump up ^ Sebert, Paul (2000-06-28). "Kissing cousins may bring controversy Cartoon Network juggles controversial topics contained in the "Sailor Moon S" series". The Daily Athenaeum Interactive. Archived from the original on 2008-02-08. Retrieved 2007-02-21.
Jump up ^ 第17回アニメグランプリ　［1995年5月号］ (in Japanese). Animage.jp. Archived from the original on 2010-10-19. Retrieved 2009-07-19.
Jump up ^ 第18回アニメグランプリ　［1996年5月号］ (in Japanese). Animage.jp. Archived from the original on 2010-10-19. Retrieved 2009-07-19.
^ Jump up to: a b "Official list of Sailor Moon episodes". Sailor Moon Memorial Song Box (CD booklet). Nippon Columbia CO., LTD. 1997. pp. 100–108. COCC-14459-64.
Jump up ^ Sailor Moon page at Hulu. "Watch Sailor Moon online - at Hulu". Retrieved 2016-02-14.
Jump up ^ https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/B01LYD3NMW/
Jump up ^ http://www.rightstufanime.com/Sailor-Moon-S-Part-2-Blu-ray-DVD-GWP
Jump up ^ https://www.amazon.com/Sailor-Moon-Season-Standard-Blu-ray/dp/B01M0MV3QB
Jump up ^ http://www.rightstufanime.com/Sailor-Moon-S-Part-2-Blu-ray-DVD-GWP
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