text:
Coat of arms of Ireland
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
Coat of arms of Ireland
Details
Armiger
Republic of Ireland
Adopted
1945 (registered: Arms of Ireland)[1] c.1541 (recorded: Kingdom of Ireland), c.1280 (recorded: King of Ireland)
Escutcheon
Azure a harp Or, stringed argent
(Irish: Ar ghorm cláirseach órga na sreanga airgidí)
Earlier versions
Use
The harp is used on all Acts of Oireachtas; the seal of the President; the cover of Irish passports; various government departments; the obverse of Irish euro coins. It is also used in the United Kingdom, where it appears in the lower-left quadrant of the royal coat of arms of the United Kingdom and is incorporated as a badge into devices used by official bodies in Northern Ireland.
The coat of arms of Ireland is blazoned as Azure a harp Or, stringed Argent (a gold harp with silver strings on a blue background). These arms have long been Ireland's heraldic emblem. References to them as being the arms of the king of Ireland can be found as early as the 13th century. These arms were adopted by Henry VIII of England when he ended the period of Lordship of Ireland and declared Ireland to be a kingdom again in 1541. When the crowns of England, Scotland and Ireland were united in 1603, they were integrated into the unified royal coat of arms of kingdoms of England, Scotland and Ireland. The harp was adopted as the emblem of the Irish Free State when it separated from the United Kingdom in 1922. They were registered as the arms of Ireland with the Chief Herald of Ireland on 9 November 1945.[2]
The depiction of the harp has changed over time. In the 17th century, during the period of the Kingdom of Ireland, the pillar of the harp began to be depicted as a bare-breasted woman. When the arms were restored as the arms of the independent Irish state in 1922, a late-medieval Gaelic harp (a cláirseach), the Trinity College Harp, was used as a model.
Several variants of the arms of Ireland exist, including a heraldic badge and an infrequently used crest and torse. The Lordship of Ireland, the medieval realm of Ireland that existed between 1171 and 1541 under the English crown, had a separate arms, which are blazoned Azure, three crowns in pale Or, bordure Argent (three golden crowns ordered vertically on a blue background with a white border). A variant of the arms of the ancient royal province of Meath were also apparently used at one time as the arms of Ireland.
Contents
[hide]
1 History
1.1 Presidential Standard
1.2 Previous arms
2 Achievement
2.1 Supporters and motto
3 Green flag
4 Arms and Flag of the Four Provinces
5 See also
6 Notes
7 References
8 External links
History[edit]
As heraldry is essentially a feudal art, it was not until the Norman invasion of Ireland in 1169 that Irish coats of arms came into being, several decades after the art began to take seed in England and continental Europe. The earliest reference to a herald of arms for Ireland was in 1392 on the creation of the first Ireland King of Arms. The Ireland King of Arms, which was under the English College of Arms, was succeeded by an independent Ulster King of Arms, and an Athlone Pursuivant, in 1552, which despite its name had jurisdiction for arms over all of Ireland. In 1943, the Ulster King of Arms was merged with the Norroy King of Arms in England to form the Norroy and Ulster King of Arms. The office of the Chief Herald of Ireland was created as successor to the Ulster King of Arms and the arms of Ireland were registered by the Chief Herald of Ireland on 9 November 1945.
However, reference to the harp as the arms of the king of Ireland can be found in one of the oldest medieval rolls of arms. The Wijnbergen Roll, a French roll of arms dating from c. 1280 and preserved in The Hague, Netherlands, attributed "D'azure a la harpe d'or" (English: Blue with a harp of gold) to the King of Ireland ("le Roi d'Irlande").[3][4] The harp, traditionally associated with King David, was a rare charge on medieval rolls and only two arms with a harp are listed in a collection of 19 early rolls.[5] Triangular devices appeared on medieval Irish coinage by kings John and Edward I in the 12th and 13th centuries. These devices may have been crude harps or it may be that the harp developed from the use of triangles to distinguish Irish coins.[6] The idea of a harp being the arms of Ireland may have originated as a reference to a fictional character, le roi d'irelande, in the courtly legend cycle of Tristan. Alternatively, it may have derived from a celebrated 13th century bardic poem, Tabhroidh Chugam Cruit mo Riogh, dedicated to the Donnchadh Cairbreach O'Briain (d. 1242), a Gaelic King of Thomond.[7]
Whatever its origins, the harp was adopted as the symbol of the new Kingdom of Ireland, established by Henry VIII, in 1541. A document in the Office of the Ulster King of Arms, from either the late reign of Henry VIII or the early reign his son of Edward VI, states that they were the arms of the kingdom of Ireland.[7] The arms were incorporated into the unified Royal Coats of Arms of England, Ireland and Scotland upon the Union of the Crowns of the three kingdoms in 1603. Upon the secession of the Irish Free State from the United Kingdom in 1922, the harp was taken as the emblem of the independent Irish state.
Today, the image of the harp is used on the coins, passports and official seals of Ireland and is incorporated into the emblems of many bodies in Northern Ireland, such as the Police Service of Northern Ireland. The harp is frequently incorporated into the emblems of Irish companies, such as Guinness and Ryanair. It appears on the arms of countries with historical links to Ireland or the United Kingdom, such as Montserrat and Canada. In 1984, exemplars of the modern design, approved by the Chief Herald, were registered by the Government of Ireland with the World Intellectual Property Organization under Article 6ter of the Paris Convention, which relates to state emblems.[8][9][10] The government only registered "left-facing" images, with the harp's sound board on the right. While the Attorney General's office felt that right-facing images should also be registered, patent agents advised this might be interfere with Guinness Brewery's use of such harps in its logo since the 1870s.[11]
Presidential Standard[edit]
Standard of the President of Ireland
As well as being the arms of Ireland, since 1945 the harp is the arms of each President of Ireland whilst in office. Typically the arms are borne as a banner in the form of a Presidential Standard. The standard is flown over Áras an Uachtaráin, the President's residence in Dublin, at Dublin Castle when the President is in residence and on vehicles used by the President. As with other Presidential and Royal Standards, it is never flown at half mast. However, the Presidential Standard never takes precedence over the flag of Ireland, whereas, for example, the Royal Standard of the United Kingdom takes precedence over the flag of the United Kingdom.
Previous arms[edit]
Arms of the Lordship of Ireland.
Arms of Kingdom of Ireland.
The Lordship of Ireland, the medieval realm of Ireland that existed between 1171 and 1541 under the English crown, had separate arms. A commission of Edward IV in c. 1467-8 into the arms of Ireland found them to be blazoned Azure, three crowns in pale Or, bordure Argent (three golden crowns ordered vertically on a blue background with a white border).[7][12][13] The association of these arms with Ireland is likely to have originated with Irish magnates (both Norman and Gaelic) who fought in Edward I's Scottish wars at the turn of the 14th century. These were the arms of Edmund the Martyr, which the Irish lords adopted as their banner in the same way as English lords identified with the banner of St. George. However, these arms were also well known in other medieval contexts and are often attributed to King Arthur.[7]
It is believed that the three crowns were abandoned as the arms of Ireland after Henry VIII's split with the Papacy. Strictly speaking, following the Norman invasion of the 12th century, Ireland was a feudal possession of the Pope under the overlordship of the English monarch. The decision to change the three crowns arms may have sprung "from an idea that they might denote the feudal sovereignty of the pope" — whose tiara has three crowns — "whose vassal the king of England was, as lord of Ireland."[3][13]
Despite this, the memory of the three crowns arms may have remained for a time with one Elizabethan variant of the harp, sometimes found on coins, maps and seals as early as 1562, using of the three harps, one replacing each of the three crowns of the lordship's arms. This appears to have been a creation of the newly established Ulster King of Arms and never captured the popular imagination sufficiently to replace the single Harp arms that was in use from the reign of Henry VIII. Thus, at the funeral cortège of Elizabeth I in 1603 depicted in a manuscript at the British Library, the Earl of Clanrickarde is shown carrying the banner of Ireland just as in the Wijnbergen Roll.[7]
A variant of arms of the royal province of Meath were also apparently used at one time as the arms of Ireland. Meath, now a part of the province of Leinster was once the province of the High Kings of Ireland. Its arms are of a king sitting on a throne on a blue field. The variant apparently used as the arms of Ireland were of a majesty on a sable (black) background instead of an azure (blue) field.[8]
Achievement[edit]
The armorial achievement of the Kingdom of Ireland, including the infrequently used crest.
Arms of Kingdom of Ireland after 1707.
The design of the harp used by the modern Irish state is based on the Brian Boru harp, a late-medieval Gaelic harp now in Trinity College, Dublin.[note 1] The design is by an English sculptor, Percy Metcalfe. Metcalfe's design was in response to a competition held by the state to design Irish coinage, which was to start circulation in December 1928. Metcalfe's design became the model for future official interpretations of the harp as an emblem of the state.[citation needed]
The modern design is markedly different from earlier depictions. During the 17th century, it became common to depict the harp with a woman's head and breasts, like a ship's figurehead, as the pillar.
It is not necessary to show a full complement of thirty strings, provided that the numbers do not fall below nine (notwithstanding the illustration to the left).[8] The strings are always silver and the harp is always gold.
The harp is shown on a blue background. The colour of the field is sometimes called St. Patrick's blue, a name applied to shades of blue associated with Ireland. In current designs, used by the UK and Irish states, the field is invariably a deep blue. The use of blue in the arms has been associated with Gormfhlaith, a Gaelic mythological personification of Ireland. The word Gormfhlaith is a compound of the Irish words gorm ("blue") and flaith ("sovereign"); it is noted in early Irish texts as the name of several queens closely connected with dynastic politics in the 10th and 11th century Ireland. The National Library of Ireland, in describing the blue background of the arms, notes that in early Irish mythology the sovereignty of Ireland (Irish: Flaitheas Éireann) was represented by a woman often dressed in a blue robe.[8]
A crest, which was little used, is thought to have been created for the ascension of James I.[14] This crest was blazoned: A tower triple towered or, from the portal a hart springing argent, attired and unguled also or.[15] The torse was Or and azure.[15] The torse and crest were apparently little used even during the period of the Kingdom of Ireland. From the Acts of Union in 1801 until the declaration of the Republic of Ireland in 1949, the crest was used only intermittently. Unlike Scotland, Ireland did not reserve the right to bear a distinct coat of arms within the United Kingdom. The crest and torse are not employed by the Irish state today.
Historically, the harp was frequently seen surmounted by a crown. In this case, the depiction is as heraldic badge, a device used to indicate allegiance to or the property of someone or something. Elizabeth I used the badge as her second Great Seal of 1586. This motif had earlier featured of the coins of the Lordship of Ireland during the Tudor period and continued to be used on the coins of the Kingdom of Ireland. Following the creation of the United Kingdom, the device was used on the cap badges of the Royal Irish Constabulary and later the Royal Ulster Constabulary. The badge can be seen today on the cap badge of the Royal Irish Regiment of the British Army. The harp, unsurmounted by a crown, is used as a badge in the Republic of Ireland today, but the harp surmounted by a crown is also found (e.g. in 'colours' ties of Trinity College sports teams).
Supporters and motto[edit]
The heraldic badge of Ireland, created during the Tudor era, is distinguished from the arms of Ireland by being ensigned with a royal crown.
The arms of Ireland are without supporters. However, historically, some depictions of the arms have been accompanied by various supporters. For example, during the late Tudor period, depictions of the arms appeared accompanied by a dragon and a lion, representing Wales and England. The Tudors were monarchs of England but of Welsh descent. In later centuries, following the union of the crowns of England and Scotland, depictions appeared accompanied by a lion and a unicorn, representing England and Scotland. Other depictions included two stags, representing Ireland, or a stag and a lion. However, none of these were ever a part of the blazon and should be interpreted in terms of artistic licence.
Several mottos associated with Ireland and have also been used alongside representations of the harp, including the patriotic slogan, Erin Go Bragh (English: Ireland Forever), Quis separabit? (English: Who will separate [us]?), the motto of the Most Illustrious Order of Saint Patrick, and It is new strung and shall be heard, the motto of the Society of United Irishmen. However, no heraldic motto has ever been granted to Ireland and none ever accompanies the coat of arms.
Green flag[edit]
The unofficial green ensign of Ireland from Bowles's Universal Display of the Naval Flags of all Nations maritime flag chart, 1783.
As well as the coat of arms, which shows the harp on an Azure (blue) field, Ireland has long been associated with a flag also bearing the harp. This flag is identical to the coat of arms but with a green field, rather than blue, and is blazoned Vert, a Harp Or, stringed Argent (a gold harp with silver strings on a green field).
The earliest-known record of the green flag is attributed to Eoghan Ruadh Ó Néill, a 17th-century exile and soldier in the Irish brigade of the Spanish army. His ship, the St. Francis, is recorded as flying from her mast top "the Irish harp in a green field, in a flag" as she lay at anchor at Dunkirk en route to Ireland.[8] Ó Néill was returning to Ireland in order to participate in the Irish Confederate Wars (1641—1653), during the Wars of the Three Kingdoms (a series of civil wars engulfing England, Ireland and Scotland), where he would contribute as a leading general. Variants of the green flag were flown by United Irishmen during the 1798 Rebellion and by the Irish émigré in foreign armys, such as the Irish Brigade of the Union Army during the American Civil War (1861–1865) and Saint Patrick's Battalion in the Mexican Army during the Mexican-American War (1846–1848).
Although the Kingdom of Ireland never had an official flag, this flag is recorded as the flag of Ireland by 18th and 19th century sources. It was used as a naval jack and as the basis for the unofficial green ensign of Ireland, particularly during the 18th and 19th centuries. The flag is identical to the arms of the province of Leinster. It is believed that the Leinster arms are derived from it, rather than the other way around.
Arms and Flag of the Four Provinces[edit]
Main article: Four Provinces Flag of Ireland
The traditional arms of the four provinces of Ireland quartered to form the popular arms of Ireland.
The flag of the four provinces of Ireland, quartered to form a popular flag of all of Ireland.
The arms of the four traditional provinces of Ireland are popularly displayed quartered as arms of Ireland. The quartering is usually in the order Leinster first, Connacht second, Ulster third and Munster fourth. The resulting arms are frequently displayed in the form of a banner. They also appear as charges in other arms and emblems. For example, the arms of the Genealogical Office, which is headed by the Chief Herald of Ireland, are the four provinces shown quartered beneath a chief Gules, charged with a Tudor Portcullis Or between two Scrolls Argent (a red band with a gold Tudor portcullis between two silver scrolls).[7]
The arms of Leinster (Vert, a Harp Or, stringed Argent) are believed to have likely evolved from the arms of Ireland itself with a change of tincture. Similarly, Munster's arms (Azure, three antique crowns Or) are thought to have been derived from those of the former Lordship of Ireland, or from the short-lived dukedom of Ireland created for Robert de Vere in 1386. The crowns now usually depicted as "antique" or "eastern": a gold rim with eight sharp, triangular rays, of which five are seen.[16][17]
The arms of Ulster are the arms of the de Burgh, Earls of Ulster, combined with the red hand seal of the O'Neills. These two dynasties and symbols are inseparably linked to Ulster. The combination of them is blazoned Or, on a Cross Gules, an inescutcheon Argent, charged with a dexter hand erect aupaumee and couped at the wrist Gules.[7]
Finally, Connacht's arms are blazoned Party Per Pale Argent and Azure, in the first an eagle dimidiated and displayed Sable in the second issuant from the partition an arm embowed and vested, the hand holding a sword erect, all Argent. These are believed to have been adopted from the arms of the medieval Schottenklöster (Gaelic monastery) in Regensburg, Germany. The arms of the Regensburg Schottenklöster, which date from at least the 14th century, combined the arms of the Holy Roman Emperor (from whom the abbey received protection) dimidiated with a symbol that may be linked with the crest of the O'Brien dynasty arms (an 11th-century O'Brien is listed as the "fundator" of the abbey). The arms may have been granted to Ruaidrí Ua Conchobair, King of Connacht and the last High King of Ireland before the Norman invasion, by the abbey as a gift to return his patronage. The arms were given as the "old tyme arms" of Ireland by the Athlone Pursuivant, Edward Fletcher, c. 1575 and, with slight change of tinctures, became the arms of Connacht in the seventeenth century.[7]
See also[edit]
Coat of arms of Northern Ireland
Flag of Ireland
Irish heraldry
List of flags of Ireland
Shamrock
Great Seal of the Irish Free State
Seal of the President of Ireland
Notes[edit]
Jump up ^ The Trinity College Harp was once thought to have belonged to Brian Boru, the 11th century High King of Ireland. However, the harp has since been dated to the 14th or 15th century and so cannot have actually belonged to him. It is on permanent display in the Long Room of the library of Trinity College, Dublin
References[edit]
Jump up ^ National Library of Ireland (Genealogical Office) (17 September 2011). "Grant of Arms (Registration): Arms of Ireland". National Library of Ireland Catalogue. National Library of Ireland. Archived from the original on 18 May 2013.
Jump up ^ Office of the Chief Herald, Arms of Ireland Archived 18 May 2013 at the Wayback Machine., The National Library of Ireland (Grant Type: Registration; Register volume: G.O. MS 111G; Folio number: 20; Date: 9 November 1945)
^ Jump up to: a b Michael C. O'Laughlin, 2001, The Irish Book of Arms, Irish Genealogical Association, p 15
Jump up ^ Hartemink, Ralf (1996). "Civic Heraldry of Ireland, National arms of Ireland". Heraldry of the World. ngw.nl. Archived from the original on 9 June 2011. Retrieved 2011-07-13.
Jump up ^ Velde, François. "Heraldry in Ireland". Heraldica.
Jump up ^ William Henry Grattan Flood, 1905, The Story of the Harp; James Simon, 1810, Simon's Essay on Irish coins, and of the currency of foreign monies in Ireland
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h Kennedy, John (Autumn 1991), "The Arms of Ireland: Medieval and Modern", Coat of Arms (155)
^ Jump up to: a b c d e Carragin, Eoin (2007-04-18). "Heraldry in Ireland" (PDF). National Library of Ireland. p. 3. Retrieved 2008-03-17.
Jump up ^ "Glossary". Irish Patents Office. pp. Article 6ter. Retrieved 31 May 2013.
Jump up ^ "C.4304-551" (PDF). WIPO Circular (4304). 15 February 1985. Retrieved 31 May 2013.
Images: IE1 IE2 IE3 IE4 IE5 IE6 IE7 IE8 IE9 IE10
Jump up ^ Humphreys, Joe (28 December 2013). "State feared Guinness objections over plan to make harp logo a trademark". The Irish Times. p. 1. Retrieved 29 December 2013.
Jump up ^ W. G. Perrin and Herbert S. Vaughan, 1922, "British Flags. Their Early History and their Development at Sea; with an Account of the Origin of the Flag as a National Device", Cambridge University Press: Cambridge, pp. 51-52
^ Jump up to: a b Chambers's Encyclopædia: A Dictionary of Universal Knowledge, 1868, p. 627
Jump up ^ Questions and Answers, Notes and Queries, 1855, p. 350
^ Jump up to: a b Fox-Davies, A.C., 1915, The Book of Public Arms, London
Jump up ^ Boutell, Charles; Fox-Davies, A. C. (1914), The Handbook to English Heraldry (Illustrated 11th ed.), Teddington, United Kingdom: The Echo Library, p. 160, ISBN 978-1-4068-2770-5
Jump up ^ Swyrich Corporation. "antique crown". Symbolism. Swyrich Corporation. Archived from the original on 25 January 2013. Retrieved 11 July 2011.
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Coats of arms of Ireland.
Office of the Chief Herald of Ireland
Two "Ireland" images in Ulster Office's Draft Grants of Arms ca. 1580-1690: folio 18 (top left) and folio 71
[hide]
v
t
e
Coats of arms of Europe
Sovereign states
Albania
Andorra
Armenia
Austria
Azerbaijan
Belarus
Belgium
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Bulgaria
Croatia
Cyprus
Czech Republic
Denmark
Estonia
Finland
France
Georgia
Germany
Greece
Hungary
Iceland
Ireland
Italy
Kazakhstan
Latvia
Liechtenstein
Lithuania
Luxembourg
Macedonia
Malta
Moldova
Monaco
Montenegro
Netherlands
Norway
Poland
Portugal
Romania
Russia
San Marino
Serbia
Slovakia
Slovenia
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
Turkey
Ukraine
United Kingdom
Vatican City
States with limited
recognition
Abkhazia
Artsakh
Kosovo
Northern Cyprus
South Ossetia
Transnistria
Dependencies and
other entities
Åland
Faroe Islands
Gibraltar
Guernsey
Isle of Man
Jersey
Svalbard
Other entities
Sovereign Military Order of Malta
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Coat_of_arms_of_Ireland&oldid=827253889"
Categories:
Irish culture
National coats of arms
National symbols of the Republic of Ireland
National symbols of Ireland
Coats of arms with harps
Irish coats of arms
Hidden categories:
Webarchive template wayback links
Articles containing Irish-language text
Articles containing explicitly cited English-language text
All articles with unsourced statements
Articles with unsourced statements from November 2011
Articles containing Latin-language text
Use dmy dates from June 2011
Navigation menu
Personal tools
Not logged in
Talk
Contributions
Create account
Log in
Namespaces
Article
Talk
Variants
Views
Read
Edit
View history
More
Search
Navigation
Main page
Contents
Featured content
Current events
Random article
Donate to Wikipedia
Wikipedia store
Interaction
Help
About Wikipedia
Community portal
Recent changes
Contact page
Tools
What links here
Related changes
Upload file
Special pages
Permanent link
Page information
Wikidata item
Cite this page
Print/export
Create a book
Download as PDF
Printable version
In other projects
Wikimedia Commons
Languages
Беларуская
Беларуская (тарашкевіца)
Български
Bosanski
Català
Čeština
Dansk
Deutsch
Eesti
Ελληνικά
Español
Esperanto
فارسی
Français
Gaelg
Galego
한국어
Hrvatski
বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী
Italiano
עברית
ქართული
Lietuvių
Magyar
Македонски
مصرى
Nederlands
日本語
Norsk
Norsk nynorsk
Polski
Português
Русский
Slovenčina
Српски / srpski
Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски
Suomi
Svenska
ไทย
Türkçe
Українська
Yorùbá
中文
34 more
Edit links
This page was last edited on 23 February 2018, at 17:19.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.
Privacy policy
About Wikipedia
Disclaimers
Contact Wikipedia
Developers
Cookie statement
Mobile view
Enable previews

values: mw-page-base noprint

values: mw-head-base noprint

values: firstHeading firstHeading en

values: siteSub noprint

values: jump-to-nav mw-jump

value: th

attrs: colspan style

values: text-align:center;font-size:125%;font-weight:bold;background-color: #369; color: white

value: tr

values: text-align:center;background-color: #369; color: white

values: Style used during the period of the Kingdom of Ireland

values: Three gold crowns ordered vertically on a blue shield with a white border.

values: Royal coat of arms of the United Kingdom

values:
/wiki/King_of_Ireland
mw-redirect
King of Ireland

values:
/wiki/Chief_Herald_of_Ireland
mw-redirect
Chief Herald of Ireland

values:
/wiki/Trinity_College_Harp
mw-redirect
Trinity College Harp

values:
/wiki/Flag_of_Mide
mw-redirect
Flag of Mide

values:
/wiki/Herald_of_arms
mw-redirect
Herald of arms

values:
/wiki/Ulster_King_of_Arms
mw-redirect
Ulster King of Arms

values:
/wiki/John_of_England
mw-redirect
John of England

values:
/wiki/King_of_Thomond
mw-redirect
King of Thomond

values: Royal Coat of Arms of the United Kingdom

values: World Intellectual Property Organization

values: Paris Convention for the Protection of Industrial Property

values:
/wiki/Presidential_Standard_(Ireland)
mw-redirect
Presidential Standard (Ireland)

values:
/wiki/Royal_Standard
mw-redirect
Royal Standard

values:
/wiki/English_crown
mw-redirect
English crown

values:
/wiki/Norman_Ireland
mw-redirect
Norman Ireland

values:
/wiki/St._George%27s_Cross
mw-redirect
St. George's Cross

values:
/wiki/Papal_Tiara
mw-redirect
Papal Tiara

values:
/wiki/Earl_of_Clanrickarde
mw-redirect
Earl of Clanrickarde

values:
/wiki/Province_of_Leinster
mw-redirect
Province of Leinster

values: This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2011)

values:
noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact
white-space:nowrap;

values:
/wiki/James_I_of_England
mw-redirect
James I of England

values:
/wiki/Republic_of_Ireland_Act
mw-redirect
Republic of Ireland Act

values:
/wiki/Elizabeth_I
mw-redirect
Elizabeth I

values:
/wiki/Tudor_dynasty
mw-redirect
Tudor dynasty

values:
/wiki/Union_of_the_crowns
mw-redirect
Union of the crowns

values:
/wiki/Artistic_licence
mw-redirect
Artistic licence

values:
/wiki/Erin_Go_Bragh
mw-redirect
Erin Go Bragh

values: The Most Illustrious Order of Saint Patrick

values: An 18th-century drawing of the green flag.

values:
/wiki/Green_ensign
mw-redirect
Green ensign

values:
/wiki/Eoghan_Ruadh_%C3%93_N%C3%A9ill
mw-redirect
Eoghan Ruadh Ó Néill

values:
/wiki/United_Irishmen
mw-redirect
United Irishmen

values:
/wiki/1798_Rebellion
mw-redirect
1798 Rebellion

values:
/wiki/Irish_Brigade_(U.S.)
mw-redirect
Irish Brigade (U.S.)

values:
/wiki/Mexican-American_War
mw-redirect
Mexican-American War

values:
/wiki/Flag_of_Leinster
mw-redirect
Flag of Leinster

values: Edit section: Arms and Flag of the Four Provinces

values:
/wiki/Four_provinces_of_Ireland
mw-redirect
Four provinces of Ireland

values:
/wiki/Earls_of_Ulster
mw-redirect
Earls of Ulster

values:
/wiki/Red_hand_of_Ulster
mw-redirect
Red hand of Ulster

values:
/wiki/Flag_of_Connacht
mw-redirect
Flag of Connacht

values:
/wiki/Armorial_of_the_Holy_Roman_Empire
mw-redirect
Armorial of the Holy Roman Empire

values:
/wiki/King_of_Connacht
mw-redirect
King of Connacht

values:
/wiki/Trinity_College_Library,_Dublin
mw-redirect
Trinity College Library, Dublin

values:
reflist mw-references-wrap
list-style-type: decimal;

values:
nofollow
external text
http://www.ngw.nl/int/ier/irenat.htm

values: commons:Category:Coats of arms of Ireland

values: National emblem of the Republic of Macedonia

values: Coats of arms of the Holy See and Vatican City

values: Europe orthographic Caucasus Urals boundary.svg

values:
navbox-image
4
width:1px;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px

values:
/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_Northern_Cyprus
mw-redirect
Coat of arms of Northern Cyprus

values:
/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_Svalbard
mw-redirect
Coat of arms of Svalbard

values: Flag and coat of arms of the Sovereign Military Order of Malta

values: nowraplinks collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner

values: Category:National symbols of the Republic of Ireland

values: Category:Webarchive template wayback links

values: Category:Articles containing Irish-language text

values: Category:Articles containing explicitly cited English-language text

values: Category:All articles with unsourced statements

values: Category:Articles with unsourced statements from November 2011

values: Category:Articles containing Latin-language text

values: Discussion about edits from this IP address [ctrl-alt-n]

values: A list of edits made from this IP address [ctrl-alt-y]

values: You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory

values: You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [ctrl-alt-o]

values:
/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_Ireland
View the content page [ctrl-alt-c]
c

values: Discussion about the content page [ctrl-alt-t]

values: p-namespaces navigation vectorTabs p-namespaces-label

values:
p-variants
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-variants-label

values: Past revisions of this page [ctrl-alt-h]

values: p-views navigation vectorTabs p-views-label

values:
p-cactions
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-cactions-label

values:
mw-wiki-logo
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page

values:
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page [ctrl-alt-z]
z

values: Featured content – the best of Wikipedia

values: Find background information on current events

values:
/wiki/Special:Random
Load a random article [ctrl-alt-x]
x

values: portal navigation p-navigation p-navigation-label

values: Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia

values: About the project, what you can do, where to find things

values: Герб Ірландыі – Belarusian

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-be
display: none;

values: Герб Ірляндыі – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old
display: none;

values: Герб на Република Ирландия – Bulgarian

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-bg
display: none;

values:
https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grb_Irske
Grb Irske – Bosnian
bs
bs
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-bs
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ca
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-cs
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-da
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-et
display: none;

values: Εθνόσημο της Ιρλανδίας – Greek

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-el
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-eo
display: none;

values: نشان ملی جمهوری ایرلند – Persian

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-fa
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-gv
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-gl
display: none;

values: 아일랜드의 국장 – Korean

values:
https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grb_Irske
Grb Irske – Croatian
hr
hr
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-hr
display: none;

values: আয়ারল্যান্ডর চিনত্হান – Bishnupriya

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-bpy
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-it
display: none;

values: סמל אירלנד – Hebrew

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-he
display: none;

values: ირლანდიის გერბი – Georgian

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ka
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-lt
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-hu
display: none;

values: Грб на Ирска – Macedonian

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-mk
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-arz
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-nl
display: none;

values: アイルランドの国章 – Japanese

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-no
display: none;

values: Det irske riksvåpenet – Norwegian Nynorsk

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-nn
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-pl
display: none;

values: Brasão de armas da República da Irlanda – Portuguese

values: Герб Ирландии – Russian

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-sk
display: none;

values: Грб Републике Ирске – Serbian

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-sr
display: none;

values:
https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grb_Irske
Grb Irske – Serbo-Croatian
sh
sh
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-sh
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-fi
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-sv
display: none;

values: ตราแผ่นดินของไอร์แลนด์ – Thai

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-th
display: none;

values: Герб Ірландії – Ukrainian

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-uk
display: none;

values: Àmì ọ̀pá àṣẹ ilẹ̀ Írẹ́lándì – Yoruba

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-yo
display: none;

values: All languages (initial selection from common choices by you and others)

values: mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject page-Coat_of_arms_of_Ireland rootpage-Coat_of_arms_of_Ireland skin-vector action-view


text:
Amur falcon
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
Amur falcon
Male
Female
Conservation status

Least Concern (IUCN 3.1)[1]
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Aves
Order: Falconiformes
Family: Falconidae
Genus: Falco
Species: F. amurensis
Binomial name
Falco amurensis
Radde, 1863

Breeding Non-breeding
Synonyms
Erythropus amurensis
Falco vespertinus var. amurensis
The Amur falcon (Falco amurensis) is a small raptor of the falcon family. It breeds in south-eastern Siberia and Northern China before migrating in large flocks across India and over the Arabian Sea to winter in Southern Africa. It was earlier treated as a subspecies of the red-footed falcon (Falco vespertinus) and known as the eastern red-footed falcon. Males are dark grey with reddish brown thighs and undertail coverts; reddish orange eye-ring, cere, and feet. Females are duller above, with dark scaly markings on white underparts, an orange eye ring, cere, and legs. Only a pale wash of rufous is visible on their thighs and undertail coverts. Their diet consists mainly of insects, such as termites; during migration over the sea, they are thought to feed on migrating dragonflies.
Contents
[hide]
1 Description
2 Taxonomy
3 Distribution and migration
4 Behaviour and ecology
4.1 Foraging and food
4.2 Nesting
4.3 Parasites
5 Status and conservation
6 References
7 Further reading
8 External links
Description[edit]
Male
Female in flight
Males are characteristically dark sooty grey above with rufous thighs and vent. In flight, the wing lining is white, contrasting with the dark wing feathers. Adult males of the closely related red-footed falcon have a dark grey wing lining. In Africa, males can be confused with melanistic Gabar goshawks, but the chestnut on the vent is distinctive. Also, there may be some superficial resemblance to the sooty falcon and the grey kestrel, but those two species both have yellow feet and cere. The wings are long as in most falcons (with a span of 63–71 cm) and at rest the wing tip reaches or extends just beyond the tail-tip.[2]
Females can be more difficult to identify as they share a pattern common to many falcons, but are distinctive in having an orange eye-ring, a red cere and reddish orange feet. Juveniles can be confused only with those of the red-footed falcon, but lack the buffy underwing coverts.
Taxonomy[edit]
The Amur falcon was long considered a subspecies or morph of the red-footed falcon, but it is nowadays considered distinct. Nonetheless, it is the red-footed falcon's closest relative; their relationship to other falcons is more enigmatic. They appear morphologically somewhat intermediate between kestrels and hobbies and DNA sequence data has been unable to further resolve this question, mainly due to lack of comprehensive sampling.[3][4][5]
The genus name Falco is Late Latin and derives from falx, falcis, a sickle, referencing the claws of the bird.[6] The species name amurensis is from Amurland in south-eastern Siberia.[7]
Distribution and migration[edit]
[show]Measurements
[2][8]
Length
275–290 mm (10.8–11.4 in)
285–300 mm (11.2–11.8 in)
Tail
123–130 mm (4.8–5.1 in)
129–132 mm (5.1–5.2 in)
Head
41–43 mm (1.6–1.7 in)
42–44 mm (1.7–1.7 in)
Tarsus
60–62 mm (2.4–2.4 in)
65–67 mm (2.6–2.6 in)
Weight
97–155 g (3.4–5.5 oz)
111–188 g (3.9–6.6 oz)
The Amur falcon breeds in east Asia from the Transbaikalia, Amurland, and northern Mongolian region to parts of North Korea. They migrate in a broad front through India and Sri Lanka, sometimes further east over Thailand and Cambodia and then over the Arabian Sea, sometimes in passage on the Maldives and other islands to reach southern Africa. Birds going over India are thought to be aided by strong winds blowing westward. These winds are strong at an altitude of about 3000m and the birds are thought to fly at a height of above 1000m during migration.[9] The route taken to return to their breeding grounds runs slightly more northward. Vagrants have been recorded as far west as in Italy, Sweden, St. Helena and the United Kingdom.[8][2]
Behaviour and ecology[edit]
Foraging and food[edit]
The Amur falcon feeds mainly late in the evening or early in the morning capturing a wide range of insects in the air or on the ground. They capture most of their prey in flight, sometimes by hovering, but will also pick prey by alighting on the ground.[8] The winter diet appears to be almost entirely made up of insects[10] but they take small birds, mammals [11] and amphibians to feed their young in their breeding range. The rains in Africa produce swarms of termites, locusts, ants and beetles that provide ample food.[12] Their migration over the Arabian Sea coincides with the timing of the migration of dragonflies (Pantala flavescens) and these are thought to provide food during the most arduous part of their migration route.[13][14]
Nesting[edit]
Nesting pair with chicks
During migration they stay in open forest or grasslands, roosting colonially on exposed perches or wires.[8] Their breeding habitat is open wooded country with marshes. The breeding season is May to June and several pairs may nest close together. Abandoned nest platforms belonging to birds of prey or corvids and even tree hollows are re-used for nesting. Three or four eggs are laid (at two day intervals). Both parents take turns to incubate and feed the chicks which hatch after about a month. The young birds leave the nest after about a month.[8]
Parasites[edit]
The Amur falcon hosts three species of lice, Degeeriella rufa, Colpocephalum subzerafae, and Laembothrion tinnunculi.[15]
Status and conservation[edit]
The wide breeding range and large population size of the Amur falcon have led to the species being assessed as being of least concern. The flocking behaviour during migration and the density at which they occur, however, expose them to hunting and other threats. During their migration from their breeding area to the winter quarters, they are plump and are hunted for food in parts of northeastern India as well as in eastern Africa.[1][16] In 2012, mass trapping and capture of migrating Amur falcons in Nagaland (India) was reported in the media and a successful campaign was begun to prevent their killing.[17] As part of this campaign, three birds were fitted with 5 gm satellite transmitters that allowed them to be tracked during their migration.[18]
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b BirdLife International (2012). "Falco amurensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2013.2. International Union for Conservation of Nature. Retrieved 26 November 2013.
^ Jump up to: a b c Rasmussen, PC; JC Anderton (2005). Birds of South Asia. The Ripley Guide. Volume 2. Washington, DC & Barcelona: Smithsonian Institution & Lynx Edicions. p. 113.
Jump up ^ Wink, Michael; Seibold, I.; Lotfikhah, F. & Bednarek, W. (1998): Molecular systematics of holarctic raptors (Order Falconiformes). In: Chancellor, R.D., Meyburg, B.-U. & Ferrero, J.J. (eds.): Holarctic Birds of Prey: 29–48. Adenex & WWGBP.
Jump up ^ Griffiths, Carole S. (1999). "Phylogeny of the Falconidae inferred from molecular and morphological data" (PDF). Auk. 116 (1): 116–130. doi:10.2307/4089459.
Jump up ^ Griffiths, Carole S.; Barrowclough, George F.; Groth, Jeff G.; Mertz, Lisa (2004). "Phylogeny of the Falconidae (Aves): a comparison of the efficacy of morphological, mitochondrial, and nuclear data". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 32 (1): 101–109. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2003.11.019. PMID 15186800.
Jump up ^ Shorter Oxford English dictionary. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 2007. p. 3804. ISBN 0199206872.
Jump up ^ Jobling, James A (2010). The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names. London: Christopher Helm. pp. 46, 266. ISBN 978-1-4081-2501-4.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e Orta, J. (1994). "Amur Falcon". In del Hoyo, J.; A. Elliott; J. Sargatal. Handbook of birds of the world. Vol. 2. New World vultures to guineafowl. Barcelona: Lynx Edicions. pp. 265–266.
Jump up ^ Clement, Peter; Holman, David (2001). "Passage records of Amur Falcon Falco amurensis from SE Asia and southern Africa including first records from Ethiopia". Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club. 121 (1): 222–230.
Jump up ^ Kopij, Grzegorz (2009). "Seasonal variation in the diet of the Amur kestrel (Falco amurensis) in its winter quarter in Lesotho". African Journal of Ecology. 48 (2): 559–562. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2028.2009.01130.x.
Jump up ^ Alexander, Jarryd; Symes, Craig T (2016). "Temporal and spatial dietary variation of Amur falcons (Falco amurensis) in their South African nonbreeding range". Journal of Raptor Research. 50 (3): 276–288. doi:10.3356/JRR-15-16.1.
Jump up ^ Pietersen, Darren W; Symes, Craig T (2010). "Assessing the diet of Amur Falcon Falco amurensis and Lesser Kestrel Falco naumanni using stomach content analysis". Ostrich: Journal of African Ornithology. 81 (1): 39–44. doi:10.2989/00306525.2010.455817.
Jump up ^ Anderson, R. Charles (2009). "Do dragonflies migrate across the western Indian Ocean?" (PDF). Journal of Tropical Ecology. 25: 347–358. doi:10.1017/S0266467409006087. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2013-12-02.
Jump up ^ Dixon, A; Purev-Ochir, G.; Batbayar, N. (2011). "Autumn migration of an Amur Falcon Falco amurensis from Mongolia to the Indian Ocean tracked by satellite". Forktail. 27: 81–84.
Jump up ^ Piross, I. Sandor; et al. (2015). "Louse (Insecta: Phthiraptera) infestations of the Amur Falcon (Falco amurensis) and the Red-footed Falcon" (PDF). Ornis Hungarica. 23 (1): 58–65. doi:10.1515/orhu-2015-0005.
Jump up ^ Ali, S; S. Dillon Ripley. Handbook of the Birds of India and Pakistan. 1 (2nd ed.). New Delhi: Oxford University Press. pp. 361–363.
Jump up ^ Falcon preservationists
Jump up ^ Boyes, Steve. "Safe Passage For Amur Falcons Through India". National Geographic. Retrieved 11 December 2013.
Further reading[edit]
Adventures in Nagaland and Satellite tracks of three individuals
How to make 2.5 billion termites disappear? A case for protecting the Amur falcon, Ornithological Observations, an open-content, electronic journal published by BirdLife South Africa and the Animal Demography Unit at the University of Cape Town
The Great migration of Amur Falcon, The Morung Express
External links[edit]
Atlas of Southern African Birds.
Global Raptor Information Network
Media related to Falco amurensis at Wikimedia Commons
Data related to Falco amurensis at Wikispecies
Taxon identifiers
Wd: Q481742
ARKive: falco-amurensis
eBird: amufal1
EoL: 1049213
GBIF: 2480998
iNaturalist: 4686
ITIS: 560066
IUCN: 22696437
NCBI: 495945
Species+: 3635
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Amur_falcon&oldid=826074995"
Categories:
IUCN Red List least concern species
Falco (genus)
Amur basin
Birds of Manchuria
Wintering birds of Southern Africa
Birds described in 1863
Hidden categories:
Articles with 'species' microformats
Navigation menu
Personal tools
Not logged in
Talk
Contributions
Create account
Log in
Namespaces
Article
Talk
Variants
Views
Read
Edit
View history
More
Search
Navigation
Main page
Contents
Featured content
Current events
Random article
Donate to Wikipedia
Wikipedia store
Interaction
Help
About Wikipedia
Community portal
Recent changes
Contact page
Tools
What links here
Related changes
Upload file
Special pages
Permanent link
Page information
Wikidata item
Cite this page
Print/export
Create a book
Download as PDF
Printable version
In other projects
Wikimedia Commons
Wikispecies
Languages
Afrikaans
العربية
Azərbaycanca
Български
Català
Cebuano
Cymraeg
Deutsch
Español
Esperanto
Euskara
Français
Italiano
עברית
Лезги
Magyar
മലയാളം
मराठी
Nederlands
नेपाली
日本語
Norsk nynorsk
پنجابی
Polski
Română
Русский
Suomi
Svenska
தமிழ்
Türkçe
Tiếng Việt
Winaray
23 more
Edit links
This page was last edited on 17 February 2018, at 01:43.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.
Privacy policy
About Wikipedia
Disclaimers
Contact Wikipedia
Developers
Cookie statement
Mobile view
Enable previews

key: html

type: local

value: div

attrs: id class

values: mw-page-base noprint

values: mw-head-base noprint

value: a

attrs: id class lang

values: firstHeading firstHeading en

values: siteSub noprint

values: jump-to-nav mw-jump

value: img

attrs: alt src width height srcset data-file-width data-file-height

values: Amur Falcon (Falco amurensis) male (16794543415).jpg

attrs: href class

value: td

attrs: href title

values:
/wiki/Least_Concern
mw-redirect
Least Concern

attrs: alt src width height data-file-width data-file-height

values: font-size:smaller; float:right; padding-right:0.4em; margin-left:-3em;

values: min-width:15em; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(235,235,210)

values: border:solid 1px black; background-color:#7CD67C; color:#7CD67C;

values: border:solid 1px black; background-color:#81A0FF; color:#81A0FF;

values: text-align: left; width: 200px; font-size: 100%

attrs: alt src width height class srcset data-file-width data-file-height

values:
/wiki/Morph_(zoology)
mw-redirect
Morph (zoology)

values:
/wiki/DNA_sequence
mw-redirect
DNA sequence

values: Edit section: Distribution and migration

values:
/wiki/Auk_(journal)
mw-redirect
Auk (journal)

values:
nofollow
external text
//doi.org/10.2307%2F4089459

values:
nofollow
external text
//doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.ympev.2003.11.019

values:
/wiki/PubMed_Identifier
mw-redirect
PubMed Identifier

values:
nofollow
external text
//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15186800

values:
nofollow
external text
//doi.org/10.3356%2FJRR-15-16.1

values:
nofollow
external text
//doi.org/10.1515%2Forhu-2015-0005

values: -moz-column-width: 30em; -webkit-column-width: 30em; column-width: 30em; list-style-type: decimal;

values:
nofollow
external text
http://oo.adu.org.za/content.php?id=69

values:
row
navbox-group
width:1%;text-align: left;

values:
nofollow
external text
http://ebird.org/ebird/map/amufal1

values:
nofollow
external text
http://eol.org/pages/1049213

values: Global Biodiversity Information Facility

values:
nofollow
external text
https://www.gbif.org/species/2480998

values:
nofollow
external text
https://www.inaturalist.org/taxa/4686

values: National Center for Biotechnology Information

values: Category:IUCN Red List least concern species

values: Category:Wintering birds of Southern Africa

values: Category:Articles with 'species' microformats

values: Discussion about edits from this IP address [ctrl-alt-n]

values: A list of edits made from this IP address [ctrl-alt-y]

values: You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory

values: You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [ctrl-alt-o]

values:
/wiki/Amur_falcon
View the content page [ctrl-alt-c]
c

values: Discussion about the content page [ctrl-alt-t]

values: p-namespaces navigation vectorTabs p-namespaces-label

values:
p-variants
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-variants-label

values: Past revisions of this page [ctrl-alt-h]

values: p-views navigation vectorTabs p-views-label

values:
p-cactions
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-cactions-label

values:
mw-wiki-logo
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page

values:
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page [ctrl-alt-z]
z

values: Featured content – the best of Wikipedia

values: Find background information on current events

values:
/wiki/Special:Random
Load a random article [ctrl-alt-x]
x

values: portal navigation p-navigation p-navigation-label

values: Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia

values: About the project, what you can do, where to find things

values: A list of recent changes in the wiki [ctrl-alt-r]

values: portal navigation p-interaction p-interaction-label

values: List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [ctrl-alt-j]

values: Recent changes in pages linked from this page [ctrl-alt-k]

values:
/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard
Upload files [ctrl-alt-u]
u

values: A list of all special pages [ctrl-alt-q]

values: Permanent link to this revision of the page

values: Link to connected data repository item [ctrl-alt-g]

values: Printable version of this page [ctrl-alt-p]

values: portal navigation p-wikibase-otherprojects p-wikibase-otherprojects-label

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-af
display: none;

values: صقر عمورية – Arabic

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-az
display: none;

values: Амурска ветрушка – Bulgarian

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-bg
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ca
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-cy
display: none;

values:
https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amurfalke
Amurfalke – German
de
de
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-eo
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-eu
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-it
display: none;

values: בז אמור – Hebrew

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-he
display: none;

values: Амурдин кард – Lezghian

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-lez
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-hu
display: none;

values: അമ്യൂർ ഫാൽക്കൺ – Malayalam

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ml
display: none;

values: अमूर ससाणा – Marathi

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-nl
display: none;

values: अमुर बाज – Nepali

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ne
display: none;

values: アカアシチョウゲンボウ – Japanese

values:
https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amurfalk
Amurfalk – Norwegian Nynorsk
nn
nn
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ro
display: none;

values: Амурский кобчик – Russian

values:
https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amurfalk
Amurfalk – Swedish
sv
sv
interlanguage-link-target

values: அமுர் வல்லூறு – Tamil

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-tr
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-vi
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-war
display: none;

values: /static/images/wikimedia-button-1.5x.png 1.5x, /static/images/wikimedia-button-2x.png 2x

values: /static/images/poweredby_mediawiki_132x47.png 1.5x, /static/images/poweredby_mediawiki_176x62.png 2x

values:
suggestions
display: none; font-size: 13px;

values: mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject page-Amur_falcon rootpage-Amur_falcon skin-vector action-view


text:
Turnover (basketball)
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
In basketball, a turnover occurs when a team loses possession of the ball to the opposing team before a player takes a shot at his team's basket. This can result from the ball being stolen, the player making mistakes such as stepping out of bounds, illegal screen, a double dribble, having a pass intercepted, throwing the ball out of bounds, three-second violation, five-second violation, or committing an error such as traveling, a shot clock violation, palming, a backcourt violation, or committing an offensive foul. A technical foul against a team that is in possession of the ball is a blatant example of a turnover, because the opponent is awarded a free throw in addition to possession of the ball.
Some players are prone to turnovers because of having poor court vision[clarify] or making mental mistakes[clarify]. Also, many superstars average more turnovers than anybody on their team as they will often be handling the ball. A point guard may often have the most turnovers because they are usually the player that possesses the ball most for their respective team.
According to Boston Globe sportswriter Bob Ryan, the concept of the turnover was first formulated by his colleague Jack Barry[1]. Turnovers were first officially recorded in the NBA during the 1977–78 season and ABA during the 1967–68 season.
Records[edit]
The record for the most turnovers in an NBA game is held by Jason Kidd, who committed 14 turnovers against the New York Knicks on November 17, 2000 while playing for the Phoenix Suns. The record for most turnovers in an NBA playoff game was 13, set by James Harden on May 27, 2015 while playing for the Houston Rockets against the Golden State Warriors.[2] The WNBA has recorded turnovers since its inaugural season in 1997. The record for the most turnovers by a WNBA team in one game is 33. The record for the most turnovers by a WNBA player per season is held by Ticha Penicheiro, who committed 135 turnovers in 1999.[3] The career record for the most turnovers by a WNBA player is held by Becky Hammon, who committed 1224 turnovers.[4]
See also[edit]
List of National Basketball Association career turnovers leaders
List of WNBA career scoring leaders
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Ryan, Bob. "Bob Ryan says goodbye after 44 years". The Boston Globe. Retrieved 19 January 2018.
Jump up ^ "TOV playoff". Yahoo Sports. Retrieved 2015-05-28.
Jump up ^ "Leaders". Basketball-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. Retrieved 2015-01-09.
Jump up ^ "TOV career". Sports Reference LLC. Retrieved 2015-01-09.
[show]
v
t
e
Basketball statistics
Basic
Games played
Games started
Minute
Point
Rebound (Offensive
Defensive)
Assist
Steal
Block
Foul
Turnover
Field goal & free throw
Field goal made
3-point field goal made
Free throw made
Field goal attempted
3-point field goal attempted
Free throw attempted
Field goal percentage
3-point field goal percentage
Free throw percentage
Doubles
Double-double
Triple-double
Quadruple-double
Quintuple-double
Five-by-five
Advanced statistics
Offense efficiency rating
Player efficiency rating
Offensive rating
Defensive rating
Effective field goal percentage
True shooting percentage
Rebound rate
Economy
Performance Index Rating
Efficiency
Player tracking
Tendex
[show]
v
t
e
Basketball (outline)
General topics
History of basketball
James Naismith
Variations of basketball
Leagues
Statistics
Glossary of terms
Index of articles
Rules
Bonus
Jump ball
Officials
Turnover
Violation
3 seconds
Offense
Defense
5 seconds
Basket interference
Carrying
Double dribble
Goaltending
Shot clock
Traveling
Foul
Flagrant
Personal
Technical
Game play
Air ball
Alley-oop
Assist
Backboard shattering
Ball hog
Block
Buzzer beater
Cherry picking
Dribble
Crossover
Dunk
Euro step
Fadeaway
Fast break
Fly
Flop
Jump shot
Layup
Finger roll
Field goal
Four-point play
Free throw
Hook shot
Moves
Pick and roll
Positions
Posterized
Playbook
Rebound
Point
Screen
Back screen
Slashing
Steal
Three-pointer
Three-point play
Uncontested shot
Strategy
General
Sixth man
Offense
Continuity offense
Flex
Shuffle
UCLA High Post
Wheel
Dribble drive motion
Four corners
Motion
Princeton
Run and gun
Grinnell System
Nellie Ball
Small ball
Triangle
Defense
1-2-1-1
1–3–1
2–3 zone
Amoeba
Box-and-one
Double team
Full-court press
Hack-a-Shaq
Jordan Rules
Line
Man-to-man
Match-up zone
Triangle-and-two
Zone
Equipment
Backboard
Ball
Breakaway rim
Court
Half court
Key
Net
Possession arrow
Whistle
Clothing
Basketball sleeve
Finger sleeve
Air Jordan
Chuck Taylor All-Stars
Miscellaneous
100-point scorers
50–40–90 club
AAU All-Americans
AAU champions
Mikan Drill
Player tracking
Shootaround
Tip drill
Winning streaks
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Turnover_(basketball)&oldid=831738229"
Categories:
Basketball terminology
Basketball statistics
Hidden categories:
All Wikipedia articles needing clarification
Wikipedia articles needing clarification from June 2015
Navigation menu
Personal tools
Not logged in
Talk
Contributions
Create account
Log in
Namespaces
Article
Talk
Variants
Views
Read
Edit
View history
More
Search
Navigation
Main page
Contents
Featured content
Current events
Random article
Donate to Wikipedia
Wikipedia store
Interaction
Help
About Wikipedia
Community portal
Recent changes
Contact page
Tools
What links here
Related changes
Upload file
Special pages
Permanent link
Page information
Wikidata item
Cite this page
Print/export
Create a book
Download as PDF
Printable version
Languages
Deutsch
Français
Polski
Русский
Edit links
This page was last edited on 22 March 2018, at 00:20.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.
Privacy policy
About Wikipedia
Disclaimers
Contact Wikipedia
Developers
Cookie statement
Mobile view
Enable previews

values: mw-page-base noprint

values: mw-head-base noprint

values: firstHeading firstHeading en

values: siteSub noprint

values: jump-to-nav mw-jump

value: b

value: p

value: span

attrs: class style

values: padding-left:0.1em; padding-right:0.1em; color:#595959; border:1px solid #DDD;

values: This passage needs to be better explained. (June 2015)

value: i

values:
/wiki/1977-78_NBA_season
mw-redirect
1977-78 NBA season

values:
/wiki/1967-68_ABA_season
mw-redirect
1967-68 ABA season

values:
reflist mw-references-wrap
list-style-type: decimal;

values: Player tracking (National Basketball Association)

values: nowraplinks collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner

values:
navbox-image
7
width:1px;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px

values:
/wiki/Fly_fast_break
mw-redirect
Fly fast break

values:
/wiki/Possession_arrow
mw-redirect
Possession arrow

values: List of basketball players who have scored 100 points in a single game

values: Category:All Wikipedia articles needing clarification

values: Category:Wikipedia articles needing clarification from June 2015

values: Discussion about edits from this IP address [ctrl-alt-n]

values: A list of edits made from this IP address [ctrl-alt-y]

values: You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory

values: You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [ctrl-alt-o]

values:
/wiki/Turnover_(basketball)
View the content page [ctrl-alt-c]
c

values: Discussion about the content page [ctrl-alt-t]

values: p-namespaces navigation vectorTabs p-namespaces-label

values:
p-variants
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-variants-label

values: Past revisions of this page [ctrl-alt-h]

values: p-views navigation vectorTabs p-views-label

values:
p-cactions
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-cactions-label

values:
mw-wiki-logo
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page

values:
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page [ctrl-alt-z]
z

values: Featured content – the best of Wikipedia

values: Find background information on current events

values:
/wiki/Special:Random
Load a random article [ctrl-alt-x]
x

values: portal navigation p-navigation p-navigation-label

values: Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia

values: About the project, what you can do, where to find things

values: A list of recent changes in the wiki [ctrl-alt-r]

values: portal navigation p-interaction p-interaction-label

values: List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [ctrl-alt-j]

values: Recent changes in pages linked from this page [ctrl-alt-k]

values:
/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard
Upload files [ctrl-alt-u]
u

values: A list of all special pages [ctrl-alt-q]

values: Permanent link to this revision of the page

values: Link to connected data repository item [ctrl-alt-g]

values: Printable version of this page [ctrl-alt-p]

values: Потеря (баскетбол) – Russian

values: mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject page-Turnover_basketball rootpage-Turnover_basketball skin-vector action-view


text:
Any Dream Will Do (song)
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
"Any Dream Will Do" is a popular song written by Andrew Lloyd Webber and Tim Rice for the 1968 musical Joseph and the Amazing Technicolor Dreamcoat. It is generally the beginning and the concluding song of the musical, sung by the title character of Joseph.
It has been sung by numerous performers. Joe Cuddy's version was a number one hit in Ireland in 1974. The song was voted Broadway Song of the Year in 1981 and won an Ivor Novello Award in 1991.[1]
The song was performed by Jason Donovan, Donny Osmond and Lee Mead at the Concert for Diana on 1 July 2007.
It was notably parodied by Irish radio personality Mario Rosenstock in 2005 as "José and his Amazing Technicolor Overcoat", a send-up of then-Chelsea F.C. manager José Mourinho. It was also parodied by a musical duo Amateur Transplants on their first album Fitness to Practice as "Mr Burton".
Contents
[hide]
1 1991 single (Jason Donovan version)
2 Any Dream Will Do and the 2007 single
3 References
4 External links
1991 single (Jason Donovan version)[edit]
"Any Dream Will Do"
Single by Jason Donovan
Released
10 June 1991
Songwriter(s)
Andrew Lloyd Webber (music), Tim Rice (lyrics)
Producer(s)
Nigel Wright
Jason Donovan singles chronology
"R.S.V.P"
(1991) "Any Dream Will Do"
(1991) "Happy Together"
(1991)
"R.S.V.P"
(1991) "Any Dream Will Do"
(1991) "Happy Together"
(1991)
In 1991, the song was released as a single by Jason Donovan, who was then playing Joseph in the West End production of the musical at the London Palladium. The single topped the UK Singles Chart for two weeks in June and July 1991.[2] "Any Dream Will Do" peaked at number 92 on the Australian ARIA singles chart in August 1991.[3]
The song was also performed by The X Factor duo Same Difference, with Jason Donovan, on 15 December 2007.
Any Dream Will Do and the 2007 single[edit]
"Any Dream Will Do"
Single by Lee Mead
B-side
"Close Every Door", with Keith Jack and Lewis Bradley
Released
12 June 2007
Format
Digital download, CD
Label
Polydor / Really Useful Group
Songwriter(s)
Andrew Lloyd Webber (music), Tim Rice (lyrics)
In 2007, the BBC One television series Any Dream Will Do, named after the song, searched for a new, unknown lead to play Joseph in a West End revival of Joseph and the Amazing Technicolor Dreamcoat. The song was performed by the twelve contestants on the programme as the opening number to the first show, and it was performed again by Lee Mead, voted by the public as the winner of the series, as the finale to the series.
After the series, a single was released featuring "Any Dream Will Do", sung by Mead as the winner, and "Close Every Door", another song from Joseph which had been used each week as a contestant left the programme. It was performed by Mead along with second-placed Keith Jack and third-placed Lewis Bradley.
The single was released for digital download on 12 June 2007 and entered the UK Singles Chart on 17 June at number 18.[4] After being released on CD on 18 June, it charted at number two on 24 June. It was held from the No. 1 spot by Rihanna and Jay-Z with their hit single "Umbrella". Downloads and CD single sales raise funds for the BBC's annual Children in Need charity appeal.[5]
References[edit]
Jump up ^ BBC Press Office (22 March 2007). "Any Dream Will Do: Did you know..." Retrieved 22 May 2007.
Jump up ^ The Official UK Charts Company. "All the No. 1's – Any Dream Will Do". Retrieved 24 June 2007.
Jump up ^ Ryan, Gavin (2011). Australia's Music Charts 1988-2010. Mt. Martha, VIC, Australia: Moonlight Publishing.
Jump up ^ The Official UK Charts Company. "Top 40 Singles Archive". Archived from the original on 15 June 2007. Retrieved 24 June 2007.
Jump up ^ BBC (5 June 2007). "Pudsey Recruits Josephs". Retrieved 9 June 2007.
External links[edit]
Lyrics of this song at MetroLyrics
Preceded by
"I Wanna Sex You Up" by Color Me Badd UK number one single (Jason Donovan version)
23 June 1991 – 6 July 1991 Succeeded by
"(Everything I Do) I Do It for You" by Bryan Adams
[show]
v
t
e
Andrew Lloyd Webber
Musicals
The Likes of Us
Joseph and the Amazing Technicolor Dreamcoat
Jesus Christ Superstar
Evita
Tell Me on a Sunday
Cats
Song and Dance
Starlight Express
Cricket
The Phantom of the Opera
Aspects of Love
Sunset Boulevard
By Jeeves aka Jeeves
Whistle Down the Wind
The Beautiful Game (aka The Boys in the Photograph)
The Woman in White
Love Never Dies
The Wizard of Oz
Stephen Ward
School of Rock
Songs
"Any Dream Will Do"
"Close Every Door"
"Everything's Alright"
"This Jesus Must Die"
"I Don't Know How to Love Him"
"Superstar"
"Oh What a Circus"
"Another Suitcase in Another Hall"
"Don't Cry for Me Argentina"
"You Must Love Me"
"Take That Look Off Your Face"
"Unexpected Song"
"Memory"
"Pie Jesu"
"The Phantom of the Opera"
"The Music of the Night"
"All I Ask of You"
"Anything But Lonely"
"As If We Never Said Goodbye"
"No Matter What"
"'Til I Hear You Sing"
Other compositions
Variations
Requiem
Watership Down
Film adaptations
Cats
Jesus Christ Superstar
Evita
Joseph and the Amazing Technicolor Dreamcoat
The Phantom of the Opera
The Phantom of the Opera at the Royal Albert Hall
Family
William Lloyd Webber (father)
Julian Lloyd Webber (brother)
Imogen Lloyd Webber (daughter)
Sarah Brightman (second wife)
Madeleine Gurdon (third wife)
Jiaxin Cheng (sister-in-law)
Company
Really Useful Group
[show]
v
t
e
Jason Donovan
Studio albums
Ten Good Reasons
Between the Lines
All Around the World
Let It Be Me
Soundtrack of the 80s
Compilation albums
Greatest Hits (1991)
Greatest Hits (2006)
Singles
"Especially for You"
"Too Many Broken Hearts"
"Sealed with a Kiss"
"Every Day (I Love You More)"
"When You Come Back to Me"
"Rhythm of the Rain"
"Any Dream Will Do"
"Happy Together"
"As Time Goes By"
Related topics
Stock Aitken Waterman
Scott Robinson
[show]
v
t
e
Musicals by Andrew Lloyd Webber and Tim Rice
Musicals
The Likes of Us
Joseph and the Amazing Technicolor Dreamcoat
Jesus Christ Superstar
Evita
Cricket
The Wizard of Oz (additional music and lyrics)
Films
Jesus Christ Superstar
Evita
Joseph and the Amazing Technicolor Dreamcoat
Albums
Jesus Christ Superstar
Evita (1976 concept album)
Evita (1996 film soundtrack)
Songs
"Any Dream Will Do"
"Close Every Door"
"Everything's Alright"
"This Jesus Must Die"
"I Don't Know How to Love Him"
"Superstar"
"Oh What a Circus"
"Another Suitcase in Another Hall"
"Don't Cry for Me Argentina"
"You Must Love Me"
Related television
Any Dream Will Do
Superstar
When Joseph Met Maria
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Any_Dream_Will_Do_(song)&oldid=833197912"
Categories:
1968 songs
1974 singles
1991 singles
2007 singles
UK Singles Chart number-one singles
Irish Singles Chart number-one singles
Songs from Joseph and the Amazing Technicolor Dreamcoat
Songs with music by Andrew Lloyd Webber
Songs with lyrics by Tim Rice
Charity singles
Donny Osmond songs
Jason Donovan songs
Sarah Brightman songs
Hidden categories:
EngvarB from September 2013
Use dmy dates from September 2013
Navigation menu
Personal tools
Not logged in
Talk
Contributions
Create account
Log in
Namespaces
Article
Talk
Variants
Views
Read
Edit
View history
More
Search
Navigation
Main page
Contents
Featured content
Current events
Random article
Donate to Wikipedia
Wikipedia store
Interaction
Help
About Wikipedia
Community portal
Recent changes
Contact page
Tools
What links here
Related changes
Upload file
Special pages
Permanent link
Page information
Wikidata item
Cite this page
Print/export
Create a book
Download as PDF
Printable version
Languages
Svenska
Edit links
This page was last edited on 30 March 2018, at 05:40.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.
Privacy policy
About Wikipedia
Disclaimers
Contact Wikipedia
Developers
Cookie statement
Mobile view
Enable previews

values: mw-page-base noprint

values: mw-head-base noprint

values: firstHeading firstHeading en

values: siteSub noprint

values: jump-to-nav mw-jump

attrs: href class title

value: sup

values: Edit section: 1991 single (Jason Donovan version)

values: width: 33%; text-align: center; vertical-align: top; padding: .2em .1em .2em 0;

values: width: 33%; text-align: center; vertical-align: top; padding:.2em .1em;

values: width: 33%; text-align: center; vertical-align: top; padding: .2em 0 .2em .1em;

values: background: transparent; width: 100%; min-width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse;

values: width:33%; padding:.2em .1em .2em 0; text-align: center;

values: width:33%; padding:.2em .1em; text-align: center;

values: width:33%; padding:.2em 0 .2em .1em; text-align: center;

values: Edit section: Any Dream Will Do and the 2007 single

values: Any Dream Will Do single cover - 2007.jpg

values:
/wiki/The_Official_UK_Charts_Company
mw-redirect
The Official UK Charts Company

values:
reflist mw-references-wrap
list-style-type: decimal;

values:
/wiki/List_of_number-one_singles_(UK)
mw-redirect
List of number-one singles (UK)

values: Everything's Alright (Jesus Christ Superstar song)

values: The Phantom of the Opera (Andrew Lloyd Webber song)

values: Joseph and the Amazing Technicolor Dreamcoat (film)

values: nowraplinks collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner

values:
Jason_Donovan
fn
font-size:114%;margin:0 4em

values:
row
navbox-group
width:1%;background: #EEEEEE;

values: All Around the World (Jason Donovan album)

values: Greatest Hits (1991 Jason Donovan album)

values: Greatest Hits (2006 Jason Donovan album)

values: When You Come Back to Me (Jason Donovan song)

values: nowraplinks vcard collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner

values: Category:UK Singles Chart number-one singles

values: Category:Irish Singles Chart number-one singles

values: Category:Songs from Joseph and the Amazing Technicolor Dreamcoat

values: Category:Songs with music by Andrew Lloyd Webber

values: Category:Use dmy dates from September 2013

values: Discussion about edits from this IP address [ctrl-alt-n]

values: A list of edits made from this IP address [ctrl-alt-y]

values: You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory

values: You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [ctrl-alt-o]

values:
/wiki/Any_Dream_Will_Do_(song)
View the content page [ctrl-alt-c]
c

values: Discussion about the content page [ctrl-alt-t]

values: p-namespaces navigation vectorTabs p-namespaces-label

values:
p-variants
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-variants-label

values: Past revisions of this page [ctrl-alt-h]

values: p-views navigation vectorTabs p-views-label

values:
p-cactions
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-cactions-label

values:
mw-wiki-logo
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page

values:
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page [ctrl-alt-z]
z

values: /static/images/wikimedia-button-1.5x.png 1.5x, /static/images/wikimedia-button-2x.png 2x

values: /static/images/poweredby_mediawiki_132x47.png 1.5x, /static/images/poweredby_mediawiki_176x62.png 2x

values:
suggestions
display: none; font-size: 13px;

values: mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject page-Any_Dream_Will_Do_song rootpage-Any_Dream_Will_Do_song skin-vector action-view


text:
Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer (song)
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
"Rudolph, the Red-Nosed Reindeer"
Single by Gene Autry
B-side
"If It Doesn't Snow on Christmas"
"Here Comes Santa"
"Here Comes Santa Claus"
Released
September 1, 1949[1]
Format
7", 10"
Recorded
June 27, 1949[1]
Genre
Christmas/Winter Holiday
Length
3:10
Label
Columbia 38610
Columbia MJV-56
Columbia 4-38610
Columbia 33165
Challenge 1010
Challenge 59030
Songwriter(s)
Johnny Marks
Music video
"Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer" (audio) on YouTube
"Rudolph, the Red-Nosed Reindeer" is a song by songwriter Johnny Marks based on the 1939 story Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer published by the Montgomery Ward Company. Gene Autry's recording hit No. 1 on the U.S. charts the week of Christmas 1949.
Contents
[hide]
1 History
1.1 Other notable recordings
2 In popular culture
3 References
4 External links
History[edit]
In 1939 Marks's brother-in-law, Robert L. May, created the character Rudolph as an assignment for Montgomery Ward and Marks decided to adapt the story of Rudolph into a song.[2]
The song had an added introduction, paraphrasing the poem "A Visit from Saint Nicholas" (public domain by the time the song was written), stating the names of the eight reindeer which went:
"You know Dasher and Dancer and Prancer and Vixen,
Comet and Cupid and Donner and Blitzen,
But do you recall
The most famous reindeer of all?"
The song was first sung by crooner Harry Brannon on New York City radio in early November 1949,[citation needed] before Gene Autry's recording hit No. 1 in the U.S. charts during Christmas 1949. The song was suggested as a "B" side for a record Autry was making it. Autry rejected the song. His wife convinced him to use it. The success of this Christmas song by Autry gave support to Autry's subsequent popular Easter song, "Here Comes Peter Cottontail." Autry's version of the song also holds the distinction of being the only chart-topping hit to fall completely off the chart after reaching No. 1. The official date of its No. 1 status was for the week ending January 7, 1950, making it the first No. 1 song of the 1950s.[3]
The song was also performed on the December 6, 1949, Fibber McGee and Molly radio broadcast by Teeny (Marion Jordan's little girl character) and The Kingsmen vocal group. The lyrics varied greatly from the Autry version.[citation needed] Autry's recording sold 1.75 million copies its first Christmas season, eventually selling a total of 12.5 million. Cover versions included, sales exceed 150 million copies, second only to Bing Crosby's "White Christmas".[4][5]
The current copyright owner is Kobalt Music Group
Other notable recordings[edit]
1950: The song was recorded by Bing Crosby on June 22, 1950[6] with John Scott Trotter and his Orchestra. His version reached No. 6 on Billboard magazine's Best Selling Children's Records chart and No. 14 on Billboard's pop singles chart that year.[7]
1950: Spike Jones and his City Slickers released a version of the song that peaked at No. 7 on Billboard magazine's pop singles chart and No. 8 on Billboard's Best Selling Children's Records chart.[8]
1951: Red Foley and The Little Foleys released a version of the song that peaked at No. 8 on Billboard magazine's Best Selling Children's Records chart.[9]
1957: The Cadillacs released a doo-wop version of the song that peaked at No. 11 on Billboard magazine's Rhythm & Blues Records chart.[10]
1960: Alvin and the Chipmunks recorded a popular cover for their album Around the World with The Chipmunks that charted at #21 on the Billboard Hot 100. In their version, Rudolph himself sang with the Chipmunks, his vocals indicating suffering from a cold (hence the red nose). They would record the song again for their 1961 album Christmas with The Chipmunks and their 1994 album A Very Merry Chipmunk as a duet with Gene Autry.
1960: The Melodeers released a doo-wop version of the song that peaked at No. 72 on Billboard magazine's Hot 100 singles chart.[11]
1964: Burl Ives recorded the song for the soundtrack of the holiday TV special Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer. The soundtrack album containing Ives' version reached No. 142 on the Billboard 200 albums sales chart.[12] He would re-record the song the following year for his holiday album Have a Holly Jolly Christmas.
1968: The Temptations released a version of the song that peaked at No. 12 on Billboard magazine's special, year-end, weekly Christmas Singles chart (this same version later got as high as No. 3 on the same chart in December 1971).[13] Their version of the song was also included on the group's 1970 Christmas album, The Temptations Christmas Card.
In popular culture[edit]
This section does not cite any sources. Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (December 2012) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
The lyric "All of the other reindeer" can be misheard in dialects with the cot–caught merger as the mondegreen "Olive, the other reindeer", and has given rise to another character featured in her own Christmas television special, Olive, the Other Reindeer.
The song in its Finnish translation, "Petteri Punakuono", has led to Rudolph's general acceptance in the mythology as the lead reindeer of Joulupukki, the Finnish Santa.
In 2000, John Frankenheimer directed a heist thriller called Reindeer Games, though it has no other connection to the song.
References[edit]
ASCAP Work ID: 480058686 (ISWC: T0701273995)
^ Jump up to: a b "GeneAutry.com: Music, Movies & More - The Essential Gene Autry, 1931-1953". www.Autry.com. Retrieved December 6, 2017.
Jump up ^ Kim, Wook (December 17, 2012). "Yule Laugh, Yule Cry: 10 Things You Didn't Know About Beloved Holiday Songs". Time. Archived from the original on December 21, 2014.
Jump up ^ Casey Kasem American Top 40 April 8, 1979
Jump up ^ Badger, Reid; Salem, James (December 22, 1996). "America's Holiday Sound– Distinctive artists". The Tuscaloosa News. Google News. Retrieved October 17, 2013.
Jump up ^ Jackson, Kenneth T. (August 15, 1998). The Scribner Encyclopedia of American Lives, Volume 1. Gale. p. 550. Retrieved October 17, 2013. , while Autry's version of "Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer" sold more than 12.5 million copies
Jump up ^ "A Bing Crosby Discography". BING magazine. International Club Crosby. Retrieved September 19, 2016.
Jump up ^ Whitburn, Joel (2004). Christmas in the Charts (1920–2004). Wisconsin: Record Research Inc. p. 31. ISBN 0-89820-161-6.
Jump up ^ Whitburn p. 43
Jump up ^ Whitburn p. 36
Jump up ^ Whitburn p. 25
Jump up ^ Whitburn p. 49
Jump up ^ "'Burl Ives' Billboard 200". billboard.com.
Jump up ^ Whitburn p. 61
External links[edit]
Lyrics of this song at MetroLyrics
Reno erat Rudolphus, Sheet music in Latin with recorded Gregorian Chant
Translation into Old English by Philip Chapman-Bell
Preceded by
"Mule Train" by Frankie Laine U.S. Billboard Best Sellers in Stores number-one single
January 7, 1950 (Gene Autry) Succeeded by
"I Can Dream, Can't I" by The Andrews Sisters
[show]
v
t
e
Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer
Music
"Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer
"Run Rudolph Run"
Film and television
adaptations
Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer (1948 film short)
Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer (1964 TV special)
Rudolph's Shiny New Year (1976 TV special)
Rudolph and Frosty's Christmas in July (1979 TV film)
Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer: The Movie (1998 film)
Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer and the Island of Misfit Toys (2001 made-for-video film)
Related
Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer (video game)
Santa Claus's reindeer
Robert L. May
[show]
v
t
e
Christmas
Christmas Eve
Children's Day
Boxing Day
Nochebuena
Saint Nicholas Day
St. Stephen's Day
Sol Invictus
Yule
In
Christianity
Biblical Magi
Adoration of the Magi
Adoration of the Shepherds
Advent
Angel Gabriel
Annunciation
Annunciation to the shepherds
Baptism of the Lord
Bethlehem
Christingle
Christmastide
Epiphany
Herod the Great
Jesus
Joseph
Mary
Massacre of the Innocents
flight into Egypt
Nativity Fast
Nativity of Jesus
in art
in later culture
Nativity scene
Saint Nicholas
Star of Bethlehem
Twelfth Night
In folklore
Badalisc
La Befana
Belsnickel
Caganer
Christkind
Ded Moroz
Elves
Father Christmas
Grýla
Jack Frost
Joulupukki
Knecht Ruprecht
Korvatunturi
Krampus
Mikulás
Miner's figure
Mrs. Claus
Nisse/Tomte
North Pole
Old Man Winter
Olentzero
Père Fouettard
Père Noël
Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer
Saint Lucy
Santa's reindeer
Santa's workshop
Sinterklaas
Tió de Nadal
Vertep
Yule Cat
Yule Lads
Zwarte Piet
Gift-bringers
Saint Nicholas
Santa Claus
List of Christmas gift-bringers by country
Traditions
Advent calendar
Advent candle
Advent wreath
Boar's Head Feast
Candle arches
Cards
Carols by Candlelight
Cavalcade of Magi
Crackers
Decorations
Events and celebrations
Feast of the Seven Fishes
Flying Santa
Google Santa Tracker
Hampers
Las Posadas
Letters
Lights
Markets
Meals and feasts
Moravian star
Nine Lessons and Carols
NORAD Tracks Santa
Nutcrackers
dolls
Ornaments
Parades
list
Piñatas
Pyramids
Räuchermann
Seals
Secret Santa
Spanbaum
Stamps
Stockings
Tree
Twelve Days
Wassailing
Windows
Yule Goat
Yule log
By country
Australia and New Zealand
Denmark
Germany
Hawaii
Hungary
Iceland
Indonesia
Ireland
Mexico
Norway
Philippines
Poland
Romania
Russia
Scotland
Serbia
Sweden
Ukraine
Music
Carols
list
Hit singles UK
Hit singles US
Music books
Carols for Choirs
The Oxford Book of Carols
The New Oxford Book of Carols
Piae Cantiones
Other media
Films
Poetry
"Old Santeclaus with Much Delight"
"A Visit from St. Nicholas"
Television
specials
Yule Log
In
modern
society
Advent Conspiracy
Black Friday (partying)
Black Friday (shopping)
Bronner's Christmas Wonderland
Christmas club
Christmas creep
Christmas Day (Trading) Act 2004
Christmas Lectures
Christmas Mountains
Christmas truce
Controversies
Cyber Monday
Economics
Giving Tuesday
El Gordo
Holiday season
In July
In August
Leon Day
NBA games
NFL games
Puritan New England
American Civil War
Post-War United States
Running of the Santas
SantaCon
Santa's Candy Castle
Small Business Saturday
Super Saturday
Virginia O'Hanlon
White Christmas
Winter festivals
WWE Tribute to the Troops
Xmas
Food and
drink
Dinner
Joulupöytä
Julebord
Kūčios
Réveillon
Twelve-dish supper
Smörgåsbord
Wigilia
Sweets
bûche de Noël
Cake
Candy cane
Cookies
Fruitcake
Gingerbread
Kourabiedes
Melomakarono
Mince pie
Pavlova
Pecan pie
Pumpkin pie
Pudding
Rosca de reyes
Szaloncukor
Turrón
Soup
Menudo
Sauce
Cranberry sauce
Beverages
Apple cider
Champurrado
Eggnog
Mulled wine
Smoking Bishop
Ponche crema
Dumpling
Hallaca
Tamale
Meat
Ham
Roast goose
Romeritos
Turkey
Stuffing
Category
Portal
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rudolph_the_Red-Nosed_Reindeer_(song)&oldid=818307366"
Categories:
1910 Fruitgum Company songs
1949 songs
Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer
American Christmas songs
Barry Manilow songs
Bing Crosby songs
Burl Ives songs
Columbia Records singles
Dean Martin songs
Gene Autry songs
Grammy Hall of Fame Award recipients
Lynyrd Skynyrd songs
Paul Anka songs
Songs about animals
Songs written by Johnny Marks
The Crystals songs
The Jackson 5 songs
The Supremes songs
The Temptations songs
Christmas novelty songs
Hidden categories:
Use mdy dates from December 2014
Articles with hAudio microformats
All articles with unsourced statements
Articles with unsourced statements from December 2011
Articles with unsourced statements from January 2015
Articles needing additional references from December 2012
All articles needing additional references
Navigation menu
Personal tools
Not logged in
Talk
Contributions
Create account
Log in
Namespaces
Article
Talk
Variants
Views
Read
Edit
View history
More
Search
Navigation
Main page
Contents
Featured content
Current events
Random article
Donate to Wikipedia
Wikipedia store
Interaction
Help
About Wikipedia
Community portal
Recent changes
Contact page
Tools
What links here
Related changes
Upload file
Special pages
Permanent link
Page information
Wikidata item
Cite this page
Print/export
Create a book
Download as PDF
Printable version
Languages
Bosanski
Brezhoneg
Deutsch
Español
Français
한국어
Italiano
日本語
Polski
Português
Русский
Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски
Suomi
Tagalog
Türkçe
Tiếng Việt
Edit links
This page was last edited on 2 January 2018, at 20:29.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.
Privacy policy
About Wikipedia
Disclaimers
Contact Wikipedia
Developers
Cookie statement
Mobile view
Enable previews

values: mw-page-base noprint

values: mw-head-base noprint

values: firstHeading firstHeading en

values: siteSub noprint

values: jump-to-nav mw-jump

attrs: colspan class style

values: Single Gene Autry-Rudolph, the Red-Nosed Reindeer cover.jpg

values:
/wiki/Gramophone_record
mw-redirect
Gramophone record

values:
/wiki/A_Visit_from_Saint_Nicholas
mw-redirect
A Visit from Saint Nicholas

values: This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2011)

values:
noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact
white-space:nowrap;

values: This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2015)

values: Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer (TV special)

values: Help:Introduction to referencing with Wiki Markup/1

values: plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced

values: Phonological history of English low back vowels

values:
/wiki/Christmas_television_special
mw-redirect
Christmas television special

values:
/wiki/Finnish_(language)
mw-redirect
Finnish (language)

values:
/wiki/Best_Sellers_in_Stores
mw-redirect
Best Sellers in Stores

values:
/wiki/I_Can_Dream,_Can%27t_I
mw-redirect
I Can Dream, Can't I

values: Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer (1948 film)

values: nowraplinks collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner

values:
/wiki/St._Stephen%27s_Day
mw-redirect
St. Stephen's Day

values:
/wiki/Old_Man_Winter
mw-redirect
Old Man Winter

values: List of Christmas and winter gift-bringers by country

values: Category:Christmas events and celebrations

values: List of Christmas and holiday season parades

values:
/wiki/Christmas_in_Denmark
mw-redirect
Christmas in Denmark

values: List of Christmas hit singles in the United Kingdom

values: List of popular Christmas singles in the United States

values:
/wiki/Leon_Day_(holiday)
mw-redirect
Leon Day (holiday)

values: National Basketball Association Christmas games

values: National Football League Christmas games

values: List of multinational festivals and holidays

attrs: alt src title width height srcset data-file-width data-file-height

values: nowraplinks hlist collapsible collapsed navbox-inner

values: Category:Grammy Hall of Fame Award recipients

values: Category:Use mdy dates from December 2014

values: Category:Articles with hAudio microformats

values: Category:All articles with unsourced statements

values: Category:Articles with unsourced statements from December 2011

values: Category:Articles with unsourced statements from January 2015

values: Category:Articles needing additional references from December 2012

values: Category:All articles needing additional references

values: Discussion about edits from this IP address [ctrl-alt-n]

values: Featured content – the best of Wikipedia

values: Find background information on current events

values:
/wiki/Special:Random
Load a random article [ctrl-alt-x]
x

values: portal navigation p-navigation p-navigation-label

values: Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia

values: About the project, what you can do, where to find things

values: A list of recent changes in the wiki [ctrl-alt-r]

values: portal navigation p-interaction p-interaction-label

values: List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [ctrl-alt-j]

values: Recent changes in pages linked from this page [ctrl-alt-k]

values:
/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard
Upload files [ctrl-alt-u]
u

values: A list of all special pages [ctrl-alt-q]

values: Permanent link to this revision of the page

values: Link to connected data repository item [ctrl-alt-g]

values: Printable version of this page [ctrl-alt-p]

values:
uls-settings-trigger
Language settings
0
button
true

values: Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer – Bosnian

values: Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer (kan) – Breton

values: Rodolfo el reno de la nariz roja – Spanish

values: 루돌프 사슴코 – Korean

values: Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer – Italian

values: 赤鼻のトナカイ – Japanese

values: Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer – Portuguese

values: Rudolph, the Red-Nosed Reindeer – Russian

values: Rudolph the Red-Nosed Deer – Serbo-Croatian

values: Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer (awit) – Tagalog

values: Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer (şarkı) – Turkish

values: Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer (bài hát) – Vietnamese

values: mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject page-Rudolph_the_Red-Nosed_Reindeer_song rootpage-Rudolph_the_Red-Nosed_Reindeer_song skin-vector action-view