text:
Microscope slide
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
"Glass slide" redirects here. The term may also refer to photographic slides..
A set of standard 75 by 25 mm microscope slides. The white area can be written on to label the slide.
A microscope slide (top) and a cover slip (bottom)
A microscope slide is a thin flat piece of glass, typically 75 by 26 mm (3 by 1 inches) and about 1 mm thick, used to hold objects for examination under a microscope. Typically the object is placed or secured ("mounted") on the slide, and then both are inserted together in the microscope for viewing. This arrangement allows several slide-mounted objects to be quickly inserted and removed from the microscope, labeled, transported, and stored in appropriate slide cases or folders.
Microscope slides are often used together with a cover slip or cover glass, a smaller and thinner sheet of glass that is placed over the specimen. Slides are held in place on the microscope's stage by slide clips, slide clamps or a cross-table which is used to achieve precise, remote movement of the slide upon the microscope's stage (such as in an automated / computer operated system, or where touching the slide with fingers is inappropriate either due to the risk of contamination or lack of precision)
Contents
[hide]
1 History
2 Dimensions and types
3 Mounting
3.1 Dry mount
3.2 Wet mount or temporary mount
3.3 Prepared mount or permanent mount
3.4 Strew mount
3.5 Mounting media
3.5.1 Examples of mounting media
3.5.1.1 Aqueous
3.5.1.2 Non-Aqueous
4 Contrasting with other types/meanings of "mounting"
5 See also
6 References
History[edit]
A microscope slide prepared in 1855 containing reference specimens from the inner mucosa of the small intestine of a cholera victim.
The origin of the concept was pieces of ivory or bone, containing specimens held between disks of transparent mica, that would slide into the gap between the stage and the objective.[1] These "sliders" were popular in Victorian England until the Royal Microscopical Society introduced the standardized glass microscope slide.[citation needed]
Dimensions and types[edit]
Common dimensions of microscope slides (in mm).
A standard microscope slide measures about 75 mm by 25 mm (3″ by 1″) and is about 1 mm thick. A range of other sizes are available for various special purposes, such as 75 x 50 mm and for geological use, 46 x 27 mm for petrographic studies, and 48 x 28 mm for thin sections. Slides are usually made of common glass and their edges are often finely ground or polished.
Microscope slides are usually made of optical quality glass, such as soda lime glass or borosilicate glass, but specialty plastics are also used. Fused quartz slides are often used when ultraviolet transparency is important, e.g. in fluorescence microscopy.[2][3]
While plain slides are the most common, there are several specialized types. A concavity slide or cavity slide has one or more shallow depressions ("wells"), designed to hold slightly thicker objects, and certain samples such as liquids and tissue cultures.[4] Slides may have rounded corners for increased safety or robustness, or a cut-off corner for use with a slide clamp or cross-table, where the slide is secured by a spring-loaded curved arm contacting one corner, forcing the opposing corner of the slide against a right angled arm which does not move. If this system were used with a slide which did not incorporate these cut-off corners, the corners would chip and the slide could shatter.[4]
A graticule slide is marked with a grid of lines (for example, a 1 mm grid) that allows the size of objects seen under magnification to be easily estimated and provides reference areas for counting minute objects. Sometimes one square of the grid will itself be subdivided into a finer grid. Slides for specialized applications, such as cell counting, may have various reservoirs, channels and barriers etched or ground on their upper surface.[citation needed] Various permanent markings or masks may be printed, sand-blasted, or deposited on the surface by the manufacturer, usually with inert materials such as PTFE.[5]
A Neubauer slide for cell counting.
Microscope image of a Neubauer slide's graticule being used to count cells.
A Neubauer slide held in place on a microscope stand by a slide clamp on a cross-table.
Some slides have a frosted or enamel-coated area at one end, for labeling with a pencil or pen.[4] Slides may have special coatings applied by the manufacturer, e.g. for chemical inertness or enhanced cell adhesion. The coating may have a permanent electric charge to hold thin or powdery samples. Common coatings include poly-L-lysine, silanes, epoxy resins,[4][5] or even gold.[6]
Mounting[edit]
Blood smears for pathological examination, an example of wet mount.
Microscope slides with prepared, stained, and labeled tissue specimens in a standard 20-slide folder.
The mounting of specimens on microscope slides is often critical for successful viewing. The problem has been given much attention in the last two centuries and is a well-developed area with many specialized and sometimes quite sophisticated techniques.
Dry mount[edit]
In a dry mount, the simplest kind of mounting, the object is merely placed on the slide. A cover slip may be placed on top to protect the specimen and the microscope's objective and to keep the specimen still and pressed flat. This mounting can be successfully used for viewing specimens like pollen, feathers, hairs, etc. It is also used to examine particles caught in transparent membrane filters (e.g., in analysis of airborne dust).
Wet mount or temporary mount[edit]
In a wet mount, the specimen is placed in a drop of water or other liquid held between the slide and the cover slip by surface tension. This method is commonly used, for example, to view microscopic organisms that grow in pond water or other liquid media, especially when studying their movement and behavior. Care must be taken to exclude air bubbles that would interfere with the viewing and hamper the organisms' movements. An example of a temporary wet mount is a lactofuchsin mount, which provides both a sample mounting, as well as a fuchsine staining.
Prepared mount or permanent mount[edit]
For pathological and biological research, the specimen usually undergoes a complex histological preparation that involves fixing it to prevent decay, removing any water contained in it, replacing the water with paraffin, cutting it into very thin sections using a microtome, placing the sections on a microscope slide, staining the tissue using various stains to reveal specific tissue components, clearing the tissue to render it transparent and covering it with a coverslip and mounting medium.
Strew mount[edit]
Strew mounting describes the production of palynological microscope slides by suspending a concentrated sample in distilled water, placing the samples on a slide, and allowing the water to evaporate.[7]
Mounting media[edit]
The mounting medium is the solution in which the specimen is embedded, generally under a cover glass. Simple liquids like water or glycerol can be considered mounting media, though the term generally refers to compounds that harden into a permanent mount. Popular mounting media include Permount, glycerol jelly, and Hoyer's mounting medium. Properties of a good mounting medium include having a refractive index close to that of glass (1.518), non-reactivity with the specimen, stability over time without crystallizing, darkening, or changing refractive index, solubility in the medium the specimen was prepared in (either aqueous or non-polar, such as xylene or toluene), and not causing the specimen stain to fade or leach.[8]
Examples of mounting media[edit]
Aqueous[edit]
Popularly used in immunofluorescent cytochemistry where the fluorescence cannot be archived. The temporary storage must be done in a dark moist chamber. Common examples are:
Glycerol-PBS (9:1) with antiquench e.g. any of the following[9]
p-phenylenediamine
propyl gallate
1,4-Diazabicyclo (2,2,2)-octane (DABCO) (very popular)
Ascorbic acid
Mowiol or Gelvatol
Gelatin
Mount™
Vectashield
Prolong Gold
CyGEL / CyGEL Sustain (to immobilize living, unfixed cells and organisms)
Non-Aqueous[edit]
Slide of 60-year-old holotype specimen of a flatworm (Lethacotyle fijiensis) permanently mounted in Canada balsam
Used when a permanent mount is required
Permount™ (toluene and a polymer of a-pinene, b-pinene, dipentene, b-phellandrene)
Canada balsam
DPX (Distrene 80 - a commercial polystyrene, a Plasticizer e.g. dibutyl phthalate and Xylene)
DPX new (with Xylene but free of carcinogenic Dibutyl phthalate)
Entellan™ (with Toluene)
Entellan™ new
Hempstead Halide™ Hoyer's Medium (a proprietary-formulation of the water-based permanent mounting medium containing Chloral)
Neo-Mount™ (compatible with aliphatic Neo-Clear® but not compatible with aromatic solvents like Xylene)
Contrasting with other types/meanings of "mounting"[edit]
In contrast to mounting necessary for glass coverslips, somewhat similar mounting can be done for bulkier specimen preservation in glass containers in museums. However an entirely different type of mounting is done for sample preparation, which can be for biological or nonbiological materials and is further subdivided into "hot"(compressive) and "cold" (castable) type mounting processes.[10][11] Though named "mounting", it is more akin to embedding in histology and should not be confused with the mounting described above. The term mounting in other fields has numerous other meanings.
See also[edit]
Petri dish
Mount (disambiguation), numerous meanings of "mounting"
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Adam, George. Essays on the microscope. 1798
Jump up ^ Quartz Microscospe Slides and Cover Slips from a commercial website (Ted Pella). Accessed on 2010-01-23.
Jump up ^ Quartz Microscope Slides and Cover Slips catalog page from a commercial website (SPI Supplies). Accessed on 2010-01-23.
^ Jump up to: a b c d Histology and Light Microscopy catalog page from a commercial website (EMS). Accessed on 2010-01-23.
^ Jump up to: a b Microscope Slides catalog page from a commercial website (TEKDON). Accessed on 2010-01-23.
Jump up ^ Gold Coated Microscope Slides and DNA Imaging Kit catalog page from a commercial website (Asylum Research). Accessed on 2011-08-31.
Jump up ^ Zippi, Pierre A. (1991). "SEM and Light Microscope Mounting and Specimen Location Technique for Same-Specimen Study of Palynological Strew Mounts". Micropaleontology. 37 (4): 407–413. doi:10.2307/1485913. JSTOR 1485913.
Jump up ^ Medical Laboratory Science : Theory And Practice By Ochei & Kolkatker, p. 446.
Jump up ^ Fluorescence specimen mounting, mounting medium, and antiquench agents- UCLA Brain Research Institute
Jump up ^ Cold and Hot Mounting Media, Molds, and Pressure Chamber - Electron Microscopy Sciences
Jump up ^ Allied High Tech - Allied High Tech Products | Metallographic Mounting Equipment
The Wikibook School Science has a page on the topic of: Microscope slide
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Microscope_slide&oldid=802821703"
Categories:
Microscopy
Laboratory glassware
Hidden categories:
All articles with unsourced statements
Articles with unsourced statements from January 2010
Navigation menu
Personal tools
Not logged in
Talk
Contributions
Create account
Log in
Namespaces
Article
Talk
Variants
Views
Read
Edit
View history
More
Search
Navigation
Main page
Contents
Featured content
Current events
Random article
Donate to Wikipedia
Wikipedia store
Interaction
Help
About Wikipedia
Community portal
Recent changes
Contact page
Tools
What links here
Related changes
Upload file
Special pages
Permanent link
Page information
Wikidata item
Cite this page
Print/export
Create a book
Download as PDF
Printable version
In other projects
Wikimedia Commons
Languages
العربية
Català
Deutsch
Español
Français
Gaeilge
Italiano
Nederlands
日本語
Norsk nynorsk
Polski
Português
Русский
中文
Edit links
This page was last edited on 28 September 2017, at 17:59.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.
Privacy policy
About Wikipedia
Disclaimers
Contact Wikipedia
Developers
Cookie statement
Mobile view
Enable previews

values: mw-page-base noprint

values: mw-head-base noprint

values: firstHeading firstHeading en

values: siteSub noprint

values: jump-to-nav mw-jump

values:
/wiki/Photographic_slide
mw-redirect
Photographic slide

values:
note
hatnote navigation-not-searchable

attrs: class style

value: b

values: Microscope slide case (page does not exist)

values: Microscope slide folder (page does not exist)

values: This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2010)

values:
noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact
white-space:nowrap;

values:
/wiki/Soda_lime_glass
mw-redirect
Soda lime glass

values:
/wiki/Fluorescence_microscopy
mw-redirect
Fluorescence microscopy

values:
/wiki/Sand_blasting
mw-redirect
Sand blasting

values:
/wiki/Epoxy_resin
mw-redirect
Epoxy resin

values: Edit section: Wet mount or temporary mount

values:
/wiki/Microscopic_organism
mw-redirect
Microscopic organism

values: Edit section: Prepared mount or permanent mount

values:
/wiki/Staining_(biology)
mw-redirect
Staining (biology)

values: Edit section: Examples of mounting media

values: Edit section: Contrasting with other types/meanings of "mounting"

values:
/wiki/Mount_(disambiguation)
mw-redirect mw-disambig
Mount (disambiguation)

values:
nofollow
external text
//doi.org/10.2307%2F1485913

values:
nofollow
external text
//www.jstor.org/stable/1485913

values:
nofollow
http://www.alliedhightech.com/mounting/
external text

values: -moz-column-width: 30em; -webkit-column-width: 30em; column-width: 30em; list-style-type: decimal;

values: Category:All articles with unsourced statements

values: Category:Articles with unsourced statements from January 2010

values: Discussion about edits from this IP address [ctrl-alt-n]

values: A list of edits made from this IP address [ctrl-alt-y]

values: You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory

values: You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [ctrl-alt-o]

values:
/wiki/Microscope_slide
View the content page [ctrl-alt-c]
c

values: Discussion about the content page [ctrl-alt-t]

values: p-namespaces navigation vectorTabs p-namespaces-label

values:
p-variants
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-variants-label

values: Past revisions of this page [ctrl-alt-h]

values: p-views navigation vectorTabs p-views-label

values:
p-cactions
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-cactions-label

values:
mw-wiki-logo
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page

values:
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page [ctrl-alt-z]
z

values: Featured content – the best of Wikipedia

values: portal navigation p-wikibase-otherprojects p-wikibase-otherprojects-label

values: شريحة مجهرية – Arabic

values: スライドガラス – Japanese

values: Микропрепарат – Russian

values: /static/images/wikimedia-button-1.5x.png 1.5x, /static/images/wikimedia-button-2x.png 2x

values: /static/images/poweredby_mediawiki_132x47.png 1.5x, /static/images/poweredby_mediawiki_176x62.png 2x

values:
suggestions
display: none; font-size: 13px;

values: mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject page-Microscope_slide rootpage-Microscope_slide skin-vector action-view


text:
Simba
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
For other uses, see Simba (disambiguation).
Simba
The Lion King character
Simba as he appears as a cub in the first film
First appearance
The Lion King (1994)
Created by
Irene Mecchi
Jonathan Roberts
Linda Woolverton
Voiced by
Matthew Broderick
(adult, in 3 films)
Jonathan Taylor Thomas
(cub)
Joseph Williams
(singing, adult)
Jason Weaver
(singing, cub)
Matt Weinberg
(cub in The Lion King 1½)
Cam Clarke
(various sequels and merchandise)
Rob Lowe
(The Lion Guard)
Donald Glover
(adult in The Lion King (2019 film)
JD McCrary
(cub in The Lion King (2019 film)
Information
Species
Lion
Gender
Male
Family
Mufasa (father, deceased)
Sarabi (mother)
Bunga (adoptive brother)
Sarafina (mother-in-law)
Kovu (son-in-law)
Spouse(s)
Nala (wife)
Children
Kopa (son)
Kiara (daughter)
Kion (son)
Relatives
Scar (uncle, deceased)
Simba is a fictional character who appears in Disney's The Lion King franchise. Introduced in Walt Disney Animation's 32nd animated feature film The Lion King (1994), the character subsequently appears in its sequels The Lion King II: Simba's Pride (1998) and The Lion King 1½ (2004) as well as the upcoming 2019 remake of the original film directed by Jon Favreau.
Simba was created by screenwriters Irene Mecchi, Jonathan Roberts and Linda Woolverton. While Mark Henn served as Simba's supervising animator as a cub, Ruben A. Aquino animated the character as he appears as an adult.
Although considered an original character, Simba was inspired by the character Bambi from Disney's Bambi (1942), as well as the stories of Moses and Joseph from the Bible. Additionally, several similarities have been drawn between Simba and Prince Hamlet from William Shakespeare's Hamlet. In 1997, The Lion King was adapted into a Broadway musical, with actors Scott Irby-Ranniar and Jason Raize originating the roles of the cub and adult Simbas, respectively.
Contents
[hide]
1 Name
2 Development
2.1 Conception
2.2 Voice
2.3 Characterization and animation
3 Appearances
3.1 The Lion King
3.2 The Lion King II: Simba's Pride
3.3 The Lion King 1½
3.4 The Lion King (2019)
3.5 Timon & Pumbaa and television
3.6 The Lion Guard
3.7 Broadway musical
3.8 Miscellaneous
3.8.1 Books
3.8.2 Merchandising and video games
3.8.3 Walt Disney Parks and Resorts
4 Reception and legacy
4.1 Critical response
4.2 Impact and popularity
5 References
Name[edit]
The word 'simba' is a Swahili word for the lion. It also has other definitions, such as 'king'.[1]
Development[edit]
Conception[edit]
Simba was framed for this terrible murder, and on the one hand you can say it wasn’t his fault, but he wasn’t a stand-up guy, so a little bit of the theme of the movie is you have to stand up for yourself if you know you’re right. So that idea of redemption, that idea of that day in your life that you have to take responsibility for yourself, that you’re no longer a child, you’re an adult, all those themes resonated with us when we were making the movie and, thankfully, the audience appreciated them, as well.
— Producer Don Hahn on Simba's role in the film.[2]
The idea for The Lion King originated from Disney chairman Jeffrey Katzenberg in 1989[3] and was originally conceived under the title King of the Jungle.[4] The story, which has been compared to Bambi (1942),[5] was jokingly referred to as "Bambi in Africa" because of the similarities between the two films and their respective main characters.[6] Co-director Rob Minkoff said that both films are "more true-life adventure than mythical epic."[6] Though considered an original[7][8] coming-of-age[9] story that follows the life of Simba as he grows up and "tak[es] on the responsibility of adulthood," co-directors Roger Allers and Minkoff drew inspiration from other sources. In particular, the biblical figures Moses and Joseph served as creative inspiration for the character.[10] Producer Don Hahn said that, like them, Simba is "born into royalty, is then exiled, and has to return to claim [his] kingdom."[11]
Several film and entertainment critics have noted similarities and parallels between the stories of The Lion King and William Shakespeare's tragedy Hamlet, and their protagonists.[12][13][14][15] Allers said that these similarities were not initially intentional and came as a surprise to the filmmakers themselves; they noticed the similarities only after the story was established and they eventually decided to pursue it. According to Hahn, "When we first pitched the revised outline of the movie ... someone in the room announced that its themes and relationships were similar to Hamlet. Everyone responded favorably to the idea that we were doing something Shakespearean, so we continued to look for ways to model our film on that all-time classic."[11]
Screenwriter Jonathan Roberts said that, in a musical, songs are used to convey a character's emotions and "I wants." Composer Elton John and lyricist Tim Rice wrote the song "I Just Can't Wait to Be King" in order to give Simba a medium through which he can express his desire to become King of the Pride Lands. Roberts said, "It's a way for storytellers to move the story and deliver the direction of the character."[16]
Voice[edit]
Matthew Broderick.
Matthew Broderick provided the speaking voice of Adult Simba.[17] The first actor to be assigned to The Lion King,[8] Broderick learned of the role while he was on vacation in Ireland, where he received a telephone call from his agent informing him that the directors were interested in casting him as Simba.[18] At the time, Broderick was well known for portraying the title character in Ferris Bueller's Day Off (1986). The directors decided to cast him as Simba because they felt that he was "perfect" for the role; according to producer Don Hahn, Broderick's voice resembled "the kind of character who could be irresponsible and likeable, but you also felt that he could come back in a very heroic way."[19] Jonathan Taylor Thomas, who was starring as Randy Taylor on the television sitcom Home Improvement at the time,[20][21] was cast as the speaking voice of Young Simba.[22] His appearance and personality would later serve as creative inspiration for supervising animator Mark Henn.[7]
Though Broderick is a trained Broadway singer, he was not up to the task, and neither was non-singer Thomas, so Toto lead singer Joseph Williams and actor Jason Weaver were hired to dub their respective singing voices. Williams' voice is heard on the song "Can You Feel the Love Tonight".[23] Impressed by Weaver's performance as a young Michael Jackson in the miniseries The Jacksons: An American Dream, songwriters Elton John and Tim Rice recruited him to record "I Just Can't Wait to Be King" and "Hakuna Matata"[24] while the film was still in its early stages of production.[25] As directors, Roger Allers and Rob Minkoff worked closely with the actors in order to ensure credible performances.[26] As is frequently done in animated films, the filmmakers videotaped the actors while they recorded their dialogue, allowing the animators to incorporate their specific mannerisms into the designs of their characters.[27]
Characterization and animation[edit]
When The Lion King was green-lit, its concept and story were not well received by studio employees. To guarantee the release of at least one successful film, Disney CEO Jeffrey Katzenberg divided the studio into two separate projects: The Lion King and Pocahontas (1995), with Pocahontas expected to be the more successful of the two. Because of this assumption, the majority of the studio's more seasoned animators gravitated towards Pocahontas because The Lion King was deemed a "risk", while less experienced animators were assigned to work on The Lion King.[28] Co-director Rob Minkoff received this positively, saying that this decision "gave a lot of newer animators a chance to step up to leadership roles."[29]
You can't just use your house cat as a model, thinking, "I can just draw him, only bigger." You need to know why a lion is a lion, the difference in movements between a lion, a tiger, a leopard or your house cat. We looked at this film as our Bambi. They had the same approach. Look at the way the deer are drawn in Snow White and the way they drew the deer in Bambi just a few years later. They look like real deer because the artists did their homework.
— Supervising animator Mark Henn on animating Simba.[30]
The role of animating Simba was divided between Mark Henn and Ruben A. Aquino. While Henn served as the supervising animator of Simba as a cub, credited as Young Simba,[31][self-published source] Aquino was placed in charge of animating the character as he appears as an adult.[32] The Lion King was Disney's first animated feature film to feature absolutely no humans since Robin Hood (1973). According to Aquino, animating four-legged creatures is difficult because the artists are faced with the task of drawing "twice as many legs ... as you do with human characters" and must also attribute to them both human and animal-like qualities. For assistance, Aquino drew influence from previous animated films that feature four-legged creatures as their main characters, citing Bambi, Lady and the Tramp (1955) and The Jungle Book (1967) as his main sources of inspiration.[33]
Simba as he appears as an adult in The Lion King II: Simba's Pride
Before The Lion King, Henn's experience as a supervising animator was limited to predominantly female characters;[5][34] he had just recently completed work on Ariel from The Little Mermaid (1989), Belle from Beauty and the Beast (1991) and Jasmine from Aladdin (1992).[30] When he became involved with The Lion King, Henn initially expressed interest in animating the film's villain, Scar, because he wanted to do "something different."[5] However, producer Don Hahn felt that he was better suited for animating Simba.[35] Henn approaches animating new characters by "put[ting himself] into the character’s situation." Simba proved to be a challenge because Henn was faced with the task of creating an animated character who would both appear and behave like a real lion cub. To achieve this, Henn visited zoos, sketched and studied live lion cubs that were brought into the studio for research, and frequently consulted with wildlife experts.[36]
When it came time to animate Simba during the "I Just Can't Wait to Be King" musical sequence, Henn felt it essential that the character remain on all fours at all times, despite the fact that he is meant to be dancing.[34] In terms of personality, Henn aimed to depict Simba as a "cocky, confident character" at the beginning of the film, who must eventually mature and learn to take responsibility.[5] The animators would often observe and document the voice actors while they recorded their dialogue, using their movements and mannerisms as a visual aid. Actor Jonathan Taylor Thomas, who provided the voice of Young Simba, served as inspiration for the design and personality of Simba. Henn said, "I loved watching Jonathan Taylor Thomas when he was a boy on Home Improvement, and getting to meet him and observe him."[37] Although Aquino was responsible for animating the majority of Simba's adult sequences, Henn animated the character's first appearance as an adult that occurs near the end of the "Hakuna Matata" musical number.[38]
Appearances[edit]
The Lion King[edit]
Main article: The Lion King
Released in theaters in 1994, The Lion King marks Simba's first appearance. All the animals in the Pride Lands gather at the foot of Pride Rock to commemorate the birth of Simba, who will eventually succeed to the throne and take his father Mufasa's place as king. Furious by the fact that he is no longer next in line, Simba's jealous uncle Scar refuses to attend the ceremony. While Simba grows into a rambunctious lion cub who frequently boasts about the fact that he will someday rule over the Pride Lands, Scar secretly plots against him.
Scar plots regicide and familicide against Simba and Mufasa by luring Simba into a vast gorge, where he triggers a wildebeest stampede. Notified by Scar that Simba is in danger, Mufasa rushes to his aid and manages to place him safely on a ledge. Weakened and unable to pull himself up the steep slope to safety, Mufasa asks his brother for assistance. However, Scar's true nature is revealed and he betrays Mufasa, throwing him into the gorge where he is killed by the fall.
Convinced by Scar that he is responsible for his father's death, Simba runs away to a distant jungle where he is befriended by Timon and Pumbaa, who teach him to ignore his past and avoid his responsibilities. There, he grows into a handsome young lion, while Scar wreaks havoc on the Pride Lands. When Simba is discovered by his childhood friend named Nala, she confronts him, warning him of Scar's tyranny and begging him to return home. Afraid of facing his past, Simba refuses until a wise mandrill named Rafiki leads him to Mufasa's ghost, who convinces him to return home and reclaim his kingdom from Scar.[39]
Simba returns to the Pride Lands and finds them barren because their natural resources have been squandered and abused by Scar. After witnessing Scar strike his mother Sarabi, Simba orders Scar to resign. At first thrown by the fact that he is alive, Scar soon regains composure and forces Simba to reveal that he is responsible for Mufasa's death, while cornering him at the edge of Pride Rock, hoping to subject him to a similar fate as his father. Having grown overconfident, Scar finally reveals to Simba that he killed Mufasa. Furious, Simba tackles Scar and forces him into announcing this to the pride, initiating a battle between Simba's pride of lionesses, Timon, Pumbaa and Scar's army of hyenas. Simba eventually defeats Scar and throws him into a pit, where he is cornered and killed by the hyenas, who overheard Scar blame them for what he'd done. Simba then takes his rightful place as king. When the kingdom returns to its former glory, the animals welcome the birth of King Simba and Queen Nala's firstborn.[40]
The Lion King II: Simba's Pride[edit]
Main article: The Lion King II: Simba's Pride
A direct-to-video sequel released in 1998, Simba's Pride takes place shortly after the events of the first film, depicting Simba and Nala as king and queen of the Pride Lands. In a ceremony at Pride Rock, the Pride Lands commemorate the birth of Simba and Nala's daughter Kiara, whom Simba is overprotective of. He discovers that Kiara has disobeyed him by visiting the forbidden Outlands, home to an enemy pride of Scar's followers known as the Outsiders, and befriending a young member of the pride named Kovu. After a close confrontation with Kovu's mother Zira, the leader of the Outsiders and Scar's most loyal follower, Simba separates the two and reminds Kiara of her responsibilities as the future queen. Meanwhile, Zira plots to manipulate Kovu to exact revenge on Simba for Scar's death.
Several years later, Simba grants an adolescent Kiara's request to embark on her first hunt, but has Timon and Pumbaa follow her in secret. Realizing this, Kiara rebels and pursue her hunt outside of the Pride Lands, where she nearly falls victim to a wildfire. Kiara is rescued by Kovu, who returns her to the Pride Lands, which is actually part of Zira's plan to overthrow Simba. Saying that he has left the Outsiders, Kovu asks Simba to let him join his pride. Simba reluctantly accepts, but distrusts Kovu because of his similarities to Scar, and continues to treat him ruthlessly. That night, Simba has a nightmare about attempting to save his father Mufasa from falling into the stampede but is stopped by Scar who turns into Kovu and throws Simba off the cliff into the stampede.
While Kiara and Kovu's friendship continues to grow, Simba, encouraged by Nala, attempts to show Kovu kindness by spending a day with him. Realizing that Kovu is beginning to side with Simba because of his love for Kiara, Zira ambushes and attacks Simba. Convinced by Zira that Kovu is responsible for the ambush, Simba exiles him and forbids Kiara to see him, but she makes her father realize that he is acting irrationally, before leaving to find Kovu. When a battle ensues between the Pride Landers and the Outsiders, Kiara and Kovu arrive and stop them, with Kiara telling them that they are one. When a furious Zira attacks Simba, she is intercepted by Kiara, causing the two to fall over the edge of a cliff. Having landed safely on a ledge, Kiara offers to help Zira, who is struggling to hang on. However, Zira, consumed by her resentment towards Simba, falls to her death. Simba finally approves of Kiara's love for Kovu and reconciles with his daughter, and accepts the two lions as the future king and queen of the Pride Lands.[41]
The Lion King 1½[edit]
Main article: The Lion King 1½
In The Lion King 1½, a direct-to-video followup released in 2004, Simba appears as a less prominent character because the film's primary focus is on Timon and Pumbaa's behind-the-scenes role and involvement in The Lion King,[42][43] in which they appear as supporting characters. Although the two films technically share the same story and timeline, the plot of The Lion King 1½ focuses more on Timon and Pumbaa. The meerkat and warthog unknowingly coexist alongside Simba, and the story fills in the two characters' backstories and events that led up to their long-lasting friendship, coinciding with and often initiating the events that affect Simba's life during the first film. These events include the commemorative bow that occurs during the opening "Circle of Life" musical number and the collapsing of the animal tower that takes place during "I Just Can't Wait to Be King."[44] The film also explores, in further detail, the relationship among the three characters as Timon and Pumbaa struggle to raise Simba as adoptive "parents" and disapprove of his relationship with Nala, portraying Simba as he grows from an energetic young lion cub, into an incorrigible teenager and, finally, an independent young lion.[45]
The Lion King (2019)[edit]
Main article: The Lion King (2019 film)
In mid-February 2017, Donald Glover was cast as adult Simba.[46] On November 1, 2017, JD McCrary was cast as young Simba.[47]
Timon & Pumbaa and television[edit]
Main article: Timon & Pumbaa (TV series)
The success of The Lion King and popularity of its characters led to the production of Timon & Pumbaa, an animated television series starring Timon and Pumbaa. Simba makes several appearances, including one episode in which Timon drags him out to try to revive Pumbaa's lost memory.
In the episode "Congo On Like This," Timon and Pumbaa (especially Timon) suspect that Simba has reverted to his carnivorous nature. The episode "Shake Your Djibouti" again features Simba, when Timon and Pumbaa are forced to train him to protect them from a laboratory monster. Another episode, entitled "Rome Alone," shows Simba being captured by Romans and forced into gladiatorial battle with another lion named Claudius. Simba makes brief appearances in "Once Upon a Timon", "Zazu's Off-By-One Day", and "Beethoven's Whiff". He also appears in a music video of "The Lion Sleeps Tonight".
Simba was featured as a guest in the animated series House of Mouse, in which he alternates between cub and adult.
The Lion Guard[edit]
Main article: The Lion Guard
In January 2016, a new series called The Lion Guard premiered, following a television pilot film The Lion Guard: Return of the Roar in November 2015. Set within the time gap in The Lion King II: Simba's Pride,[48] it features Kion who is the son and youngest child of Simba and Nala, who as the second-born cub, is tasked with assembling a team to protect the Pride Lands.[49]
Broadway musical[edit]
Main article: The Lion King (musical)
The success of The Lion King led to the production of a Broadway musical based on the film. Directed by Julie Taymor, with a book by Irene Mecchi and Roger Allers, The Lion King premiered at the New Amsterdam Theatre on November 13, 1997, where it ran for nine years until being moved to the Minskoff Theatre on June 13, 2006.[50] The role of Simba was originated by Scott Irby-Ranniar and Jason Raize, with Irby-Ranniar portraying Young Simba and Raize portraying Adult Simba.[51]
Raize auditioned for the role of Adult Simba after hearing that Taymor was looking to cast an actor who was of "unidentifiable ethnicity."[52] Raize revealed in an interview that there was a lot of competition for the role because the musical required "triple-threat work -- singing, dancing and acting -- that you don't get to such an extent in other shows. It was more the sense of who can take the challenge and not be daunted by the task." Raize, who instantly felt that he "had a connection with Simba," eventually won the role with the approval of Taymor and choreographer Garth Fagan,[53] with Fagan admiring the fact that Raize was "willing to try, to fail, and then to try again."[9] Once cast, Raize found it difficult to maintain Taymor's "sense of duality" because Simba is "both man and beast." He said, "The tendency is to sacrifice one for the other, but you can't."[54] Although hundreds of children auditioned for the role of Young Simba,[55] the casting process was far less grueling for Irby-Ranniar who, according to Taymor, simply "walked in and he had the part."[56]
Miscellaneous[edit]
Books[edit]
In 1994, a six-volume book set titled The Lion King: Six New Adventures were released. Set after the events of the first film, they featured a cub named Kopa, who was the son of Simba and Nala.
Merchandising and video games[edit]
As part of the franchise's merchandising, Simba has appeared in various The Lion King-related products.[57] The character's likeness has been used in and adapted into a variety of items, including plush toys and figurines, clothing, bedding, household decor and appliances.[58] The success of the Broadway musical has also led to its own line of merchandising,[59] including the Simba beanbag doll, based on the character's appearance and costume in the Broadway show.[60][61]
Since the film's 1994 debut, Simba has appeared as a playable character in a variety of video game releases, both directly and indirectly associated with the franchise. The character's first appearance as a video game character was in The Lion King, which was released by Virgin Interactive on November 1, 1994, for the video game platforms Super Nintendo Entertainment System, Sega Game Gear, Nintendo Entertainment System and PC.[62] The game follows the plot of the original film and features Simba as both a cub and an adult.[63]
On December 28, 2000,[64] Activision released The Lion King: Simba's Mighty Adventure for Game Boy Color and PlayStation.[65] The game encompasses 10 levels and incorporates the plot of both The Lion King and The Lion King II: Simba's Pride as "Simba ... matures from a precocious cub to an adult lion."[66] Simba also appears as a playable character in Disney Interactive Studios' Disney's Extreme Skate Adventure, released on September 3, 2003, for Game Boy Advance, PlayStation 2, GameCube and Xbox,[67] and Disney Friends , released for Nintendo DS on February 26, 2008.[68] Additionally, Simba appears in the Square Enix Kingdom Hearts video game franchise as a friend and ally of the series' main character, Sora.[69][70][71][72][73]
Walt Disney Parks and Resorts[edit]
Live versions of Simba appear in the Lion King musical and in the parades and shows at the Walt Disney Parks and Resorts.
Simba was also the main character in "Legend of the Lion King," a former Fantasyland attraction in Walt Disney World's Magic Kingdom, which retold the story of the film using fully articulated puppets. Other Disney attractions that have featured Simba include the Mickey's PhilharMagic 3D show and the Hong Kong Disneyland version of It's a Small World.
He appeared as one of the main characters at Epcot's Land Pavilion 12-minute edutainment film Circle of Life: An Environmental Fable, until its closure in 2018. He currently appears in animatronic form in Festival of the Lion King at Disney's Animal Kingdom.
Reception and legacy[edit]
Critical response[edit]
Actor Matthew Broderick was praised for his performance as Simba.
Although The Lion King itself has garnered universal acclaim from film critics,[74] reception towards Simba has been generally mixed. The Christian Science Monitor's David Sterritt hailed Simba as "a superbly realized character," specifically praising the scene in which the character "faces discipline by his dad after his adventure with the hyenas."[75] Owen Gleiberman of Entertainment Weekly wrote that Simba "has been given a marvelously expressive face" to the point of which "He seems more human than the Ken and Barbie types featured in Aladdin and The Little Mermaid."[76] Peter Travers of Rolling Stone described "the father-son relationship" shared by Simba and Mufasa as "movingly rendered,"[77] while About.com's David Nusair wrote, "it’s the touching father/son stuff that lies at the heart of the movie that cements The Lion King's place as an utterly timeless piece of work."[78] James Berardinelli of ReelViews enjoyed the fact that the film focuses more on the story of Simba himself as opposed to the romantic relationship developing between the character and Nala. However, Berardinelli criticized Matthew Broderick's vocal performance, describing it as "nondescript."[79] Rob Humanick of Slant Magazine hailed the fact that "it's never laid on [Simba] that his time as king will directly correspond with the eventual passing of his father" as one of the film's "most important facets." However, he criticized The Lion King's characters, describing them as well-designed but "lazy and troublesome."[80] The Austin Chronicle's Robert Faires felt that Simba and the other Lion King characters, though "true", were simply unoriginal retreads of preceding animated characters who were "swiped from other Disney cartoons."[81]
Hal Hinson of The Washington Post gave the character a negative review. Labeling Timon and Pumbaa the only interesting characters in The Lion King, Hinson questioned Simba's role as the film's hero.[82] Kenneth Turan of the Los Angeles Times agreed, "A movie's heroes may have their names above the title, but often as not it's the sidekicks who get the real work done." Turan went on to pan Simba, describing him as "irritatingly callow."[83] Chris Hick of the Deseret News complained about the fact that Simba and the other "characters in The Lion King are not as warm and fuzzy as other Disney animated features," crediting this with making "the film a bit tougher to warm [up] to."[84] ComingSoon.net strongly panned Simba as a lead character, writing, "typically for Disney animated fare, it's the hero who is the weak link being both blandly designed and blandly performed."[85] Acknowledging the character's Shakespearean origins, The Baltimore Sun's Stephen Hunter gave Simba a negative review, writing, "Alas ...Simba stands in for Hamlet, but he's a lot less complicated; in fact, he's less complicated than Morris the Cat or Sylvester." Hunter continued, "Simba the Exile is even less interesting than Simba the Prince."[86] Christopher Null of Contactmusic.com was critical of Weaver's performance as the singing voice of Young Simba, writing, "If there's anything annoying about the film, it's the singing. Young Simba sounds like a young Michael Jackson ... You almost don't want him to succeed." However, Null reacted more positively towards Broderick's performance.[87]
Despite the character's mixed reception, several critics have awarded specific praise to Broderick for his portrayal of Simba, including the San Francisco Chronicle's Peter Stack and The Washington Post's Desson Howe.[88][89] Annette Basile of Filmink described Broderick's performance as "excellent,"[90] while Peter Bradshaw of The Guardian called it "sumptuous." Digital Spy's Mayer Nissim described Broderick's portrayal of Simba as "wonderful."[91]
Impact and popularity[edit]
During the film's opening number, "Circle of Life", Rafiki introduces a newborn Simba to the crowd of animals gathered at the foot of Pride Rock by holding him high above their heads while parents Mufasa and Sarabi look on.[10] Since the film's 1994 release, this scene has grown to iconic status.[92] In November 2002, singer Michael Jackson sparked controversy by holding his son over the protective railing of a hotel balcony in Berlin. The event was witnessed by a large crowd of spectators who were watching from below.[93] Some sources have claimed that Jackson was harmlessly attempting to emulate the scene from The Lion King.[94]
When Kate Middleton, Duchess of Cambridge went into labor with hers and Prince William's baby in July 2013, the idea that the couple should reenact the famous scene from The Lion King became quite popular among Twitter users.[95][96] Radio journalist Darren Simpson reportedly tweeted, "when your baby arrives please re-enact the scene from the Lion King".[97] Shortly after Middleton gave birth to a boy, England native Tommy Peto initiated a petition asking the couple to welcome their baby by having the Archbishop of Canterbury emulate the scene by holding him over the balcony of Buckingham Palace. Ultimately, the idea was deemed "outside the responsibility of the government" and was declined.[98]
The scene has found itself the subject of both reference and parody in various forms of media, such as in the film George of the Jungle (1997).[99] In what is almost an exact replica of the scene, George, portrayed by actor Brendan Fraser, takes the place of both Rafiki and Mufasa by standing at the tip of Pride Rock and presenting his young son to a crowd of onlooking animals, accompanied by wife Ursula, portrayed by Leslie Mann.[100]
During the third season finale of Once Upon a Time, the main character Emma Swan asked her parents Snow White and David Nolan if they were going to hold up her yet unnamed baby brother like in The Lion King.[101] Since the release of The Lion King in 1994, the name "Simba" has increased in use and popularity among dog and cat owners. According to Comcast in 2010, the use of Simba as a dog name reemerged in popularity in 2009 after experiencing a noticeable decline in 2001, ranking the name ninth out of 10 on its list of "Top 10 Trendiest Dog Names of the Year."[102] In May 2013, Yahoo! Lifestyle included the name on its list of "Trendiest Dog Names."[103] According to YouPet, Simba is the 17th most popular cat name out of 100 candidates.[104] Care2 included Simba in its article "All-around Cool Cat Names,"[105] while DutchNews.nl reported that Simba ranks among the country's most popular cat names as of July 2013.[106] In its list of "Top Popular Pet Names," BabyNames.com placed Simba at number 64 on its list of most popular dog names out of the 100 that were considered.[107]
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Brakefield, Tom (1993). "Sociable Simba". Big Cats: Kingdom of Might. Voyageur Press. p. 55. ISBN 978-0-89658-329-0.
Jump up ^ Paluso, Marianne (March 14, 2012). "Interview: Don Hahn, producer of "The Lion King" and "Chimpanzee"". The Trades. Burlee LLC. Retrieved 2 August 2013.
Jump up ^ Beck, Jerry (2005-10-28). The Lion King. The Animated Movie Guide. United States: Chicago Review Press (published October 1, 2005). pp. 145–146. ISBN 1556525915. Retrieved 25 July 2013.
Jump up ^ Kallay, William (December 2002). "The Lion King: The IMAX Experience". in70mm.com. in70mm.com. Retrieved 25 July 2013.
^ Jump up to: a b c d Patrizio, Andy (September 26, 2003). "The Lion King: Special Edition". IGN. IGN Entertainment, Inc. Retrieved 8 August 2013.
^ Jump up to: a b Noyer, Jérémie (September 30, 2011). "Lion King D-rectors Roger Allers and Rob Minkoff: 2D's for a 3D hit!". Animated Views. Animated Views. Retrieved 25 July 2013.
^ Jump up to: a b Carnevale, Rob (October 6, 2011). "The Lion King 3D - Don Hahn interview". Orange. orange.co.uk. Retrieved 25 July 2013.
^ Jump up to: a b "The Lion King 3D - Don Hahn interview". IndieLondon. IndieLondon.co.uk. 2011. Retrieved 25 July 2013.
^ Jump up to: a b Brantley, Ben (November 14, 1997). "'The Lion King': Twice-Told Tale of Cub Coming of Age". The New York Times. The New York Times Company. Retrieved 26 July 2013.
^ Jump up to: a b Bonanno, Luke (September 27, 2011). "Interview: Don Hahn, Producer of The Lion King". DVDDizzy.com. DVDizzy.com. Retrieved 26 July 2013.
^ Jump up to: a b "Roundtable Interview: The Lion King". Blu-ray.com. Blu-ray.com. September 28, 2011. Retrieved 25 July 2013.
Jump up ^ Whitney, Erin (June 5, 2013). "16 Movies You Didn't Know Were Based on Shakespeare". Moviefone. Aol Inc. Retrieved 26 July 2013.
Jump up ^ Bevington, David (2011-06-23). Post Modern Hamlet. Murder Most Foul:Hamlet Through the Ages. United Kingdom: Oxford University Press (published Jun 23, 2011). p. 193. ISBN 978-0199599103. Retrieved 26 July 2013.
Jump up ^ Gavin, Rosemarie (March 1996). The Lion King and Hamlet: A Homecoming for the Exiled Child. The English Journal. 85. United States: National Council of Teachers of English. p. 55. ISSN 0013-8274. JSTOR 820106.
Jump up ^ White, Cindy (September 16, 2011). "The Lion King 3D Review". IGN. IGN Entertainment, Inc. Retrieved 8 August 2013.
Jump up ^ Saenger, Diana (2000-01-01). Analyzing the Film. Everyone Wants My Job!: The ABC's of Entertainment Writing. United States: Piccadilly Books, Ltd. p. 61. ISBN 978-0941599535. Retrieved 26 July 2013.
Jump up ^ Daly, Steve (July 8, 1994). "Mane Attraction". Entertainment Weekly. Entertainment Weekly Inc. Retrieved 27 July 2013.
Jump up ^ King, Susan (September 15, 2011). "A 'Lion's' tale". Los Angeles Times. Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 2 August 2013.
Jump up ^ Simpson, Michael (October 5, 2011). "Interview: Don Hahn Adds Another Dimension to Disney's The Lion King". CinemaSpy.com. CinemaSpy Entertainment. Archived from the original on July 26, 2013. Retrieved 26 July 2013.
Jump up ^ Bigler, Taylor (July 25, 2013). "What ever happened to the 'Home Improvement' brothers?". The Daily Caller. The Daily Caller. Retrieved 29 July 2013.
Jump up ^ Rice, Lynette (September 14, 2011). "Jonathan Taylor Thomas on 'Home Improvement' reunion: 'Like old times' -- EXCLUSIVE". Entertainment Weekly. Entertainment Weekly Inc. Retrieved 26 July 2013.
Jump up ^ Kaufman, Amy (September 27, 2011). "With 'Lion King' No. 1, where is Jonathan Taylor Thomas?". Los Angeles Times. Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 26 July 2013.
Jump up ^ "Joseph Williams Biography". Gemm. GEMM. Retrieved 29 July 2013.
Jump up ^ Bachelor, J. (September 20, 2011). "Guest Star: "I [Still] Make Residual Income Off Of ['The Lion King' Movie]"". SOHH. 4Control Media. Archived from the original on 24 December 2013. Retrieved 29 July 2013.
Jump up ^ Rene, Shameika (October 18, 2011). "Sound Check: Jason Weaver". Soul Train. Soul Train Holdings. Retrieved 2 August 2013.
Jump up ^ Bonanno, Luke (September 30, 2013). "Interview: Roger Allers and Rob Minkoff, The Directors of The Lion King". DVDDizzy.com. DVDDizzy.com. Retrieved 27 July 2013.
Jump up ^ Wallace, Aaron (December 5, 2006). "Moira Kelly Interview: The Lion Queen". DVDizzy.com. DVDizzy.com. Retrieved 3 August 2013.
Jump up ^ King, Susan (September 15, 2011). "A 'Lion's' tale". Los Angeles Times. Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 27 July 2013.
Jump up ^ "Roger Allers & Rob Minkoff Interview". Movie Muser. Muser Media. 2011. Archived from the original on 17 November 2015. Retrieved 27 July 2013.
^ Jump up to: a b Moore, Roger (September 15, 2011). "'Lion King' was born and animated in Orlando". Orlando Sentinel. Orlando Sentinel. Retrieved 25 July 2013.
Jump up ^ Noyer, Jérémie (2011-09-30). Ghez, Didier, ed. Mark Henn (b. 1958). Walt's People: Talking Disney With the Artists Who Knew Him. 11. United States: Xlibris Corporation (published September 30, 2011). pp. 562, 573, 575. ISBN 978-1413478679. Retrieved 25 July 2013.
Jump up ^ Solomon, Charles (November 12, 2003). "Drawing breath". Los Angeles Times. Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 25 July 2013.
Jump up ^ Tiemann, Brian (December 25, 1994). "The Lion King". The Lion King WWW Archive. Brian Tiemann. Retrieved 25 July 2013.
^ Jump up to: a b Minow, Nell (2011). "Interview: Mark Henn of 'The Lion King'". Beliefnet. Beliefnet, Inc. Retrieved 25 July 2013.
Jump up ^ Radish, Christina (2011). "Mark Henn and Tony Bancroft Interview THE LION KING 3D". Collider. Demand Media Entertainment. Retrieved 24 July 2013.
Jump up ^ Priebe, Ken A. (October 10, 2011). "Disney Animator Mark Henn Reflects". Hollywood Jesus. Hollywood Jesus. Retrieved 25 July 2013.
Jump up ^ Gallagher, Brian (September 15, 2011). "Tony Bancroft and Mark Henn Talk The Lion King". MovieWeb. MovieWeb™, Inc. Retrieved 25 July 2014.
Jump up ^ Noyer, Jérémie (January 8, 2010). "The Princess And The Frog's Supervising Animator Mark Henn – Part 2: The "Disney Decade"". Animated Views. Animated Views. Retrieved 7 August 2013.
Jump up ^ https://books.google.com/books?id=nXUyFxlYvFsC&pg=PA208&dq=simba&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwj-spWel_DQAhVU7mMKHY-0BzE4FBDoAQg1MAU#v=onepage&q=simba&f=false
Jump up ^ Allers, Roger (director); Minkoff, Rob (director) (June 15, 1994). The Lion King (Motion picture). United States: Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures.
Jump up ^ Rooney, Darrell (director) (October 27, 1998). The Lion King II: Simba's Pride (Motion picture). United States: Walt Disney Studios Home Entertainment.
Jump up ^ Delia, John (2012). "The Lion King 1 1/2 and The Lion King 2: Simba's Pride Now on Blu-ray". ACED Magazine. ACED Magazine. Retrieved 9 August 2013.
Jump up ^ Smith, Dennis (March 22, 2012). "The Lion King 1 1/2: Special Edition (a J!-ENT Children's Blu-ray Disc Review)". J!-ENT. j-entonline.com. Retrieved 9 August 2013.
Jump up ^ "The Lion King 1 1/2". ComingSoon.net. CraveOnline Media, LLC. 2004. Retrieved 9 August 2013.
Jump up ^ Raymond, Bradley (director) (February 10, 2004). The Lion King 1½. United States: Walt Disney Studios Home Entertainment.
Jump up ^ "Donald Glover, James Earl Jones cast in Disney's live-action "Lion King"". CNN. February 17, 2017.
Jump up ^ "'Lion King's' Young Simba Actor Signs With ICM Partners (Exclusive)". The Hollywood Reporter. November 2, 2017. Retrieved November 4, 2017.
Jump up ^ Brett, Susan (February 8, 2016). "EXCLUSIVE INTERVIEW: Disney's The Lion Guard creator Ford Riley talks new Lion King sequel". TVdaily.com. Retrieved November 25, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Be Prepared for The Lion Guard". Disney Insider. June 2014. Retrieved 10 August 2014.
Jump up ^ Ng, David (August 15, 2012). "'The Lion King' to surpass 'A Chorus Line' on Broadway". Los Angeles Times. Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 1 August 2013.
Jump up ^ "The Lion King: Opening Night Cast". Playbill Vault. Playbill, Inc. Archived from the original on 17 August 2013. Retrieved 2 August 2013.
Jump up ^ Pacheco, Patrick (January 13, 1998). "Raize of Light" (PDF). InTheater. InTheater. Retrieved 1 August 2013.
Jump up ^ "Jason Raize, 28; Played Simba in 'Lion King'". Los Angeles Times. Los Angeles Times. February 11, 2004. Retrieved 1 August 2013.
Jump up ^ Kahn, Sheryl (1997). "A Lion's Share" (PDF). InTheater. InTheater. Retrieved 1 August 2013.
Jump up ^ Lee, Felicia R. (December 17, 1997). "Circle of Life: School, Homework, Broadway and Sleep". The New York Times. The New York Times Company. Retrieved 1 August 2013.
Jump up ^ "Heart of a Lion". Telegraph Herald. THonline.com. November 13, 1997. Retrieved 1 August 2013.
Jump up ^ "The Lion King". Disney Store. Disney. Retrieved 17 August 2013.
Jump up ^ "Lion King Toys, Action Figures & Plush On Sale!". ToyWiz. ToyWiz. Retrieved 17 August 2013.
Jump up ^ "The Lion King the Musical Official Broadway Souvenir Merchandise". PlaybillStore.com. Playbill, Inc. Archived from the original on 6 August 2013. Retrieved 17 August 2013.
Jump up ^ "The Lion King the Broadway Musical - Simba Beanbag Doll". PlaybillStore.com. Playbill, Inc. Retrieved 17 August 2013.
Jump up ^ "Simba Beanbag Doll". Broadway.com. Broadway.com. Retrieved 17 August 2013.
Jump up ^ "The Lion King". IGN. IGN Entertainment, Inc. Retrieved 2 August 2013.
Jump up ^ Baker, Christopher Michael. "The Lion King". Allgame. Rovi Corp. Retrieved 16 August 2013.
Jump up ^ Woods, Nick. "Disney's The Lion King: Simba's Mighty Adventure". Allgame. Rovi Corp. Retrieved 16 August 2013.
Jump up ^ Harris, Craig (November 30, 2000). "Disney's The Lion King: Simba's Mighty Adventure". IGN. IGN Entertainment, Inc. Retrieved 2 August 2013.
Jump up ^ Marriott, Scott Alan. "Disney's The Lion King: Simba's Mighty Adventure". Allgame. Rovi Corp. Retrieved 16 August 2013.
Jump up ^ Hwang, Kaiser (September 3, 2003). "Disney's Extreme Skate Adventure". IGN. IGN Entertainment, Inc. Retrieved 12 August 2013.
Jump up ^ DeVries, Jack (March 7, 2006). "Disney Friends Review". IGN. IGN Entertainment, Inc. Retrieved 2 August 2013.
Jump up ^ Cecily (May 5, 2012). "IGN Nomura Interview 2004". Kingdom Hearts Insider. KHInsider. Retrieved 12 August 2013.
Jump up ^ "Kingdom Hearts Ultimania Interviews Kingdom Hearts II Interview (IGN)". Kingdom Hearts Ultimania. Kingdom Hearts Ultimania. Retrieved 12 August 2013.
Jump up ^ "Kingdom Hearts II". Behind The Voice Actors. Behind The Voice Actors. Retrieved 12 August 2013.
Jump up ^ Square Enix Product Development Division 1 (December 22, 2005). Kingdom Hearts II. PlayStation 2. Square Enix.
Jump up ^ "Simba". Kingdom Hearts Insider. KHInsider. Retrieved 12 August 2013.
Jump up ^ "The Lion King (1994)". Rotten Tomatoes. Flixster, Inc. Retrieved 13 August 2013.
Jump up ^ Sterritt, David (June 15, 1994). "Disney studio roars with `The Lion King'". The Christian Science Monitor. The Christian Science Monitor. Retrieved July 13, 2014.
Jump up ^ Gleiberman, Owen (June 24, 1994). "The Lion King (2002)". Entertainment Weekly. Entertainment Weekly Inc. Retrieved 26 July 2013.
Jump up ^ Travers, Peter (June 15, 1994). "The Lion King". Rolling Stone. Rolling Stone. Retrieved 13 August 2013.
Jump up ^ Nusair, David. "Top 5 Animated Films Based on Fairy Tales". About.com. About.com. Retrieved April 16, 2014.
Jump up ^ Berardinelli, James (1994). "Lion King, The". ReelViews. James Berardinelli. Retrieved 26 July 2013.
Jump up ^ Humanick, Rob (2011). "The Lion King". Slant Magazine. Slant Magazine. Retrieved 25 July 2013.
Jump up ^ Faires, Robert (June 24, 1994). "The Lion King". The Austin Chronicle. Austin Chronicle Corp. Retrieved 25 July 2013.
Jump up ^ Hinson, Hal (June 24, 1994). "The Lion King". The Washington Post. The Washington Post Company. Retrieved 26 July 2013.
Jump up ^ Turan, Kevin (June 15, 1994). "MOVIE REVIEW : 'The Lion King' and His Court Jesters : The Sidekicks Steal the Show in Disney's Animated Opus". Los Angeles Times. Los Angeles Times. Retrieved July 13, 2014.
Jump up ^ Hicks, Chris (December 17, 2002). "Film review: Lion King, The". Deseret News. Deseret News. Retrieved 25 July 2013.
Jump up ^ Starnes, Joshua (2011). "The Lion King 3D". ComingSoon.net. CraveOnline Media, LLC. Retrieved 25 July 2013.
Jump up ^ Hunter, Stephen (June 24, 1994). "In 'The Lion King,' the animation roars". The Baltimore Sun. The Baltimore Sun. Retrieved July 13, 2014.
Jump up ^ Null, Christopher (2002). "The Lion King Movie Review". Contactmusic.com. Contactmusic.com Ltd. Retrieved 29 July 2013.
Jump up ^ Stack, Peter (March 3, 1995). "Disney's `Lion King' Let Loose / Story, animation tops in jungle tale". SFGate. Hearst Communications Inc. Missing or empty |url= (help)
Jump up ^ Howe, Desson (June 24, 1996). "The Lion King". The Washington Post. The Washington Post Company. Retrieved 26 July 2013.
Jump up ^ Basile, Annette (September 19, 2011). "The Lion King 3D". Filmink. Filmink. Retrieved 26 July 2013.
Jump up ^ Nissim, Mayer (October 5, 2011). "'The Lion King 3D' review". Digital Spy. Hearst Magazines UK. Retrieved 5 August 2013.
Jump up ^ Winning, Josh (December 1, 2011). "50 Greatest Disney Movie Moments". Total Film. Future Publishing Limited. Retrieved 13 August 2013.
Jump up ^ Vineyard, Jennifer (November 20, 2002). "Michael Jackson Calls Baby-Dangling Incident A 'Terrible Mistake'". MTV. Viacom International Inc. Retrieved 28 July 2013.
Jump up ^ Schmader, David (May 11, 2005). "The Week in Review". The Stranger. Index Newspapers, LLC. Retrieved 28 July 2013.
Jump up ^ Tuck, Lauren (July 22, 2013). "Will Kate Middleton and Prince William Copy 'The Lion King'? Probably Not, but Twitter Hopes So". Yahoo! Shine. Yahoo! Inc. Retrieved 29 July 2013.
Jump up ^ "A right royal knees up! A round-up of the web's best royal baby jokes and virals". Daily Mail. Associated Newspapers Ltd. July 23, 2013. Retrieved 29 July 2013.
Jump up ^ "Wait nearly over for royal baby watchers". Independent Online. Independent Newspapers (Pty) Limited. July 22, 2013. Retrieved 29 July 2013.
Jump up ^ Lee, Ben (July 24, 2013). "Royal baby 'Lion King' welcome petition rejected by government". Digital Spy. Hearst Magazines UK. Retrieved 29 July 2013.
Jump up ^ Olson, Scott R. (January 1, 1999). Gehring, Wes, ed. Foreword. Parody As Film Genre: "Never Give a Saga an Even Break". United States: Greenwood Publishing Group. p. XV. ISBN 978-0313261862. Retrieved 29 July 2013.
Jump up ^ Weisman, Sam (director) (June 16, 1997). George of the Jungle (Motion picture). United States: Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures.
Jump up ^ Once Upon a Time, Season 3, "Snow Drifts"
Jump up ^ "VetStreet.com: Top 10 Trendiest Dog Names of the Year". Comcast. Comcast. 2010. Retrieved 6 August 2013.
Jump up ^ "Trendiest dog names". Yahoo! Lifestyle. Yahoo!7. May 24, 2013. Retrieved 6 August 2013.
Jump up ^ "Cat Names". YouPet, LLC. Retrieved 29 July 2013.
Jump up ^ Udell, Cherise (December 2, 2012). "Cool Cat Names: Vote for Your Favorite". Care2. Care2.com, Inc. Retrieved 29 July 2013.
Jump up ^ "Luna most popular name for Dutch dogs and cats". DutchNews.nl. DutchNews.nl. July 2, 2013. Retrieved 29 July 2013.
Jump up ^ "Top Popular Pet Names". BabyNames.com. BabyNames.com LLC. Retrieved 29 July 2013.
[hide]
v
t
e
The Lion King
Films
The Lion King (1994)
The Lion King II: Simba's Pride
The Lion King 1½
The Lion King (2019)
Theater
The Lion King
Television or
short films
Timon & Pumbaa
episodes
Wild About Safety
The Lion Guard
episodes
Characters
Simba
Timon and Pumbaa
Nala
Scar
Music
The Lion King
"Circle of Life"
"I Just Can't Wait to Be King"
"Be Prepared"
"Hakuna Matata"
"Can You Feel the Love Tonight"
The Lion King musical
"Endless Night"
"The Madness of King Scar"
"Shadowland"
Other
Return to Pride Rock
"Love Will Find a Way"
Rhythm of the Pride Lands
"He Lives in You"
Video games
The Lion King (1994)
Disney's Animated Storybook: The Lion King (1994)
Timon & Pumbaa's Jungle Games (1996)
The Lion King: Simba's Mighty Adventure (2000)
The Lion King 1½ (2003)
Attractions
Circle of Life: An Environmental Fable
The Legend of the Lion King
Festival of the Lion King
The Lion King Celebration
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Simba&oldid=838252116"
Categories:
The Lion King characters
Kingdom Hearts characters
Fictional lions
Fictional princes
Fictional kings
Fictional tribal chiefs
Fictional outlaws
Fictional characters introduced in 1994
Child characters in animated films
Male characters in animation
Hidden categories:
Pages using web citations with no URL
Good articles
All articles with self-published sources
Articles with self-published sources from December 2017
Navigation menu
Personal tools
Not logged in
Talk
Contributions
Create account
Log in
Namespaces
Article
Talk
Variants
Views
Read
Edit
View history
More
Search
Navigation
Main page
Contents
Featured content
Current events
Random article
Donate to Wikipedia
Wikipedia store
Interaction
Help
About Wikipedia
Community portal
Recent changes
Contact page
Tools
What links here
Related changes
Upload file
Special pages
Permanent link
Page information
Wikidata item
Cite this page
Print/export
Create a book
Download as PDF
Printable version
Languages
Afrikaans
العربية
Čeština
Español
فارسی
Français
ગુજરાતી
한국어
Italiano
עברית
മലയാളം
Nederlands
Norsk
ਪੰਜਾਬੀ
پنجابی
Português
Русский
Simple English
Српски / srpski
Suomi
தமிழ்
Українська
اردو
粵語
中文
16 more
Edit links
This page was last edited on 25 April 2018, at 21:27.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.
Privacy policy
About Wikipedia
Disclaimers
Contact Wikipedia
Developers
Cookie statement
Mobile view
Enable previews

key: html

type: local

value: div

attrs: id class

values: mw-page-base noprint

values: mw-head-base noprint

value: a

value: img

attrs: alt src width height srcset data-file-width data-file-height

values: This is a good article. Follow the link for more information.

attrs: href title

attrs: class id

attrs: id class lang

values: firstHeading firstHeading en

values: siteSub noprint

values: jump-to-nav mw-jump

attrs: href class title

values:
/wiki/Simba_(disambiguation)
mw-disambig
Simba (disambiguation)

attrs: role class

values:
note
hatnote navigation-not-searchable

value: th

attrs: colspan style

values: text-align:center;font-size:125%;font-weight:bold;background: #64A2FF; color: #000000;

value: tr

value: i

value: td

attrs: href class

values: text-align:center;background: #64A2FF; color: #000000;

values:
/wiki/Nala_(Disney)
mw-redirect
Nala (Disney)

values:
/wiki/Scar_(Disney)
mw-redirect
Scar (Disney)

values:
infobox
width:22em;border-spacing: 2px 5px;

values: float: left; clear: left; margin: 0.5em 1.4em 0.8em 0; width:300px; padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #aaa; font-size: 88%; background-color: #F9F9F9;

values:
/wiki/Coming-of-age_film
mw-redirect
Coming-of-age film

values:
/wiki/Joseph_(son_of_Jacob)
mw-redirect
Joseph (son of Jacob)

values:
/wiki/Hamlet_(play)
mw-redirect
Hamlet (play)

attrs: alt src width height class srcset data-file-width data-file-height

values:
/wiki/Randy_Taylor
mw-redirect
Randy Taylor

values: Edit section: Characterization and animation

values: float: right; clear: right; margin: 0.5em 0 0.8em 1.4em; width:300px; padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #aaa; font-size: 88%; background-color: #F9F9F9;

values: The material near this tag may rely on a self-published source. (December 2017)

values:
/wiki/Female_lead
mw-redirect
Female lead

values:
/wiki/Belle_(Disney)
mw-redirect
Belle (Disney)

values:
/wiki/Jasmine_(Aladdin)
mw-redirect
Jasmine (Aladdin)

values: Edit section: The Lion King II: Simba's Pride

values:
/wiki/Simba%27s_Pride
mw-redirect
Simba's Pride

values:
/wiki/Kiara_(The_Lion_King)
mw-redirect
Kiara (The Lion King)

values:
/wiki/Kovu_(The_Lion_King)
mw-redirect
Kovu (The Lion King)

values:
/wiki/Zira_(The_Lion_King)
mw-redirect
Zira (The Lion King)

values: Edit section: Timon & Pumbaa and television

values:
/wiki/Timon_and_Pumbaa_(TV_series)
mw-redirect
Timon and Pumbaa (TV series)

values:
/wiki/House_of_Mouse
mw-redirect
House of Mouse

values: Edit section: Merchandising and video games

values:
/wiki/Playable_character
mw-redirect
Playable character

values:
/wiki/Sega_Game_Gear
mw-redirect
Sega Game Gear

values: Edit section: Walt Disney Parks and Resorts

values:
/wiki/Walt_Disney_World_Resort
mw-redirect
Walt Disney World Resort

values:
/wiki/Barbie_doll
mw-redirect
Barbie doll

values:
/wiki/Rolling_Stone_(magazine)
mw-redirect
Rolling Stone (magazine)

values:
/wiki/Sylvester_(Looney_Tunes)
mw-redirect
Sylvester (Looney Tunes)

values:
/wiki/Desson_Howe
mw-redirect
Desson Howe

values:
/wiki/The_Guardian_(newspaper)
mw-redirect
The Guardian (newspaper)

values:
/wiki/Kate_Middleton
mw-redirect
Kate Middleton

values:
/wiki/Prince_William
mw-redirect
Prince William

values:
/wiki/Darren_Simpson
mw-redirect
Darren Simpson

values:
/wiki/Yahoo!_Lifestyle
mw-redirect
Yahoo! Lifestyle

values:
nofollow
external text
http://www.blu-ray.com/news/?id=7433

values:
nofollow
external text
//www.worldcat.org/issn/0013-8274

values:
nofollow
external text
//www.jstor.org/stable/820106

values:
nofollow
external text
http://live.hollywoodjesus.com/?p=8850

values:
nofollow
external text
http://www.toywiz.com/lionking.html

values:
nofollow
http://www.youpet.com/cat-names/
external text

values:
nofollow
http://www.babynames.com/Names/Pets/
external text

values: Return to Pride Rock: Songs Inspired by Disney's The Lion King II: Simba's Pride

values: Disney's Animated Storybook: The Lion King

values: nowraplinks collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner

values: Category:Fictional characters introduced in 1994

values: Category:Child characters in animated films

values: Category:Pages using web citations with no URL

values: Category:All articles with self-published sources

values: Category:Articles with self-published sources from December 2017

values: Discussion about edits from this IP address [ctrl-alt-n]

values: A list of edits made from this IP address [ctrl-alt-y]

values: You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory

values:
/wiki/Simba
View the content page [ctrl-alt-c]
c

values:
/w/index.php?title=Simba&action=edit
Edit this page [ctrl-alt-e]
e

values: Find background information on current events

values:
/wiki/Special:Random
Load a random article [ctrl-alt-x]
x

values: portal navigation p-navigation p-navigation-label

values: Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia

values: About the project, what you can do, where to find things

values: A list of recent changes in the wiki [ctrl-alt-r]

values: portal navigation p-interaction p-interaction-label

values: List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [ctrl-alt-j]

values: Recent changes in pages linked from this page [ctrl-alt-k]

values:
/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard
Upload files [ctrl-alt-u]
u

values: A list of all special pages [ctrl-alt-q]

values: Permanent link to this revision of the page

values: Link to connected data repository item [ctrl-alt-g]

values: Printable version of this page [ctrl-alt-p]

values:
https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simba
Simba – Afrikaans
af
af
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-af
display: none;

values: سيمبا – Arabic

values:
https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simba
Simba – Czech
cs
cs
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-cs
display: none;

values:
https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simba
Simba – Spanish
es
es
interlanguage-link-target

values: سیمبا (شیرشاه) – Persian

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-fa
display: none;

values: સિમ્બા (ડિઝની વર્લ્ડ) – Gujarati

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-gu
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ko
display: none;

values:
https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simba
Simba – Italian
it
it
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-it
display: none;

values: סימבה – Hebrew

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-he
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ml
display: none;

values:
https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simba
Simba – Dutch
nl
nl
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-nl
display: none;

values:
https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simba
Simba – Norwegian
no
no
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-no
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-pa
display: none;

values:
https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simba
Simba – Portuguese
pt
pt
interlanguage-link-target

values: List of The Lion King characters – Simple English

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-simple
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-sr
display: none;

values:
https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simba
Simba – Finnish
fi
fi
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-fi
display: none;

values: சிம்பா – Tamil

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-uk
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue
display: none;

values: All languages (initial selection from common choices by you and others)

values: mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject page-Simba rootpage-Simba skin-vector action-view