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Who Do You Think You Are? (U.S. TV series)
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Who Do You Think You Are?
Genre
Documentary
Created by
Alex Graham
Wall to Wall Media
Country of origin
United Kingdom
Original language(s)
English
No. of seasons
9
No. of episodes
69
Production
Executive producer(s)
Lisa Kudrow
Running time
42 minutes
Production company(s)
Shed Media US
Is or Isn't Entertainment
Release
Original network
NBC (2010–12)
TLC (2013–present)
Picture format
480i (SDTV)
1080i (HDTV)
Original release
March 5, 2010 (2010-03-05) – present
External links
Website
For the UK series of the same name, see Who Do You Think You Are? (UK TV series).
Who Do You Think You Are? is an American genealogy documentary series that is an adaptation of the British BBC series of the same name. In each episode, a different celebrity goes on a journey to trace parts of his or her family tree.
The show premiered on NBC on March 5, 2010 where it ran for three seasons before being cancelled in 2012. It was then picked up by TLC, where it has aired for six additional seasons. In August 2017, TLC renewed the series for a tenth season.
Lisa Kudrow is an executive producer for the series, which is a partnership between Shed Media, NBC Entertainment and Ancestry.com.
Contents
[hide]
1 Production
2 Episodes
2.1 Season 1 (2010)
2.2 Season 2 (2011)
2.3 Season 3 (2012)
2.4 Season 4 (2013)
2.5 Season 5 (2014)
2.6 Season 6 (2015)
2.7 Season 7 (2015)
2.8 Season 8 (2016)
2.9 Season 9 (2017)
2.10 Season 10 (2018)
2.11 Specials
3 Ratings
3.1 Season 1: 2010
3.2 Season 2: 2011
3.3 Season 7: 2015
4 DVD releases
5 International distribution
6 Awards and nominations
7 See also
8 References
9 External links
Production[edit]
In early 2009, it was announced that NBC had ordered an American adaptation of the British series Who Do You Think You Are?. It was reported that Lisa Kudrow was set to executive produce the series as well as participate in one of the first season episodes.[1][2] The show premiered on NBC on March 5, 2010, as one of the replacement shows of The Jay Leno Show at the ten o'clock hour.[3]
NBC renewed the series for two subsequent seasons before cancelling it in 2012.[4] After the cancellation the series was then picked up by TLC,[5] where it has aired for six additional seasons.[6][7] On August 25, 2017, TLC renewed the series for a tenth season.[8]
Episodes[edit]
Season
Episodes
Originally aired
First aired
Last aired
Network
1 7 March 5, 2010 (2010-03-05) April 30, 2010 (2010-04-30) NBC
2 8 February 4, 2011 (2011-02-04) April 8, 2011 (2011-04-08)
3 12 February 3, 2012 (2012-02-03) May 18, 2012 (2012-05-18)
4 8 July 23, 2013 (2013-07-23) September 10, 2013 (2013-09-10) TLC
5 6 July 23, 2014 (2014-07-23) August 27, 2014 (2014-08-27)
6 8 March 8, 2015 (2015-03-08) April 26, 2015 (2015-04-26)
7 5 July 26, 2015 (2015-07-26) August 30, 2015 (2015 -08-30)
8 6 April 3, 2016 (2016-04-03) May 1, 2016 (2016-05-01)
9 8 March 5, 2017 (2017-03-05) April 24, 2017 (2017-04-24)
Specials 1 August 16, 2015 (2015-08-16)
Season 1 (2010)[edit]
No.
overall
No. in
season
Featured celebrity
Locations visited
Original release date
1
1 "Sarah Jessica Parker" Cincinnati, Ohio; El Dorado County, California; Boston, Massachusetts; Danvers, Massachusetts March 5, 2010 (2010-03-05)
2
2 "Emmitt Smith" Pensacola, Florida; Burnt Corn, Alabama; Claiborne, Alabama; Boydton, Virginia; Ouidah, Benin March 12, 2010 (2010-03-12)
3
3 "Lisa Kudrow" Minsk, Belarus, Ilya, Belarus; Gdynia, Poland March 19, 2010 (2010-03-19)
4
4 "Matthew Broderick" Jersey City, New Jersey; New York City, New York; Forest of Argonne, France; Hartford, Connecticut; Atlanta, Georgia; Marietta National Cemetery, Cobb County, Georgia March 26, 2010 (2010-03-26)
5
5 "Brooke Shields" Newark, New Jersey; New York City, New York; Rome, Italy; Augerolles, France; Paris, France April 2, 2010 (2010-04-02)
6
6 "Susan Sarandon" Virginia; New York City, New York; Florence; Coreglia Antelminelli; Rockland County, New York April 23, 2010 (2010-04-23)
7
7 "Spike Lee" Atlanta, Georgia; Twiggs County, Georgia; Arlington, Texas April 30, 2010 (2010-04-30)
Season 2 (2011)[edit]
NBC ordered a second season for the reality series on April 5, 2010.[9] The second season of the series began on February 4, 2011, and consisted of eight episodes. The first episode featured Vanessa Williams. Following episodes featured Tim McGraw, Rosie O'Donnell, Kim Cattrall, Lionel Richie, Steve Buscemi, Gwyneth Paltrow and Ashley Judd.[10][11] Cattrall's episode is an edited version of the original one that she made for the British series in 2009.
No.
overall
No. in
season
Featured celebrity
Locations visited
Original release date
8
1 "Vanessa L. Williams" Chappaqua, New York; Oyster Bay, Long Island, New York; Washington, D.C.; Johns Island, South Carolina; Baltimore, Maryland; Memphis, Tennessee; Nashville, Tennessee February 4, 2011 (2011-02-04)
9
2 "Tim McGraw" Kansas City, Missouri; Big Stone Gap, Virginia; Rye Cove, Virginia; Richmond, Virginia; Shenandoah Valley; Washington, D.C.; New York City, New York; Franklin, Tennessee February 11, 2011 (2011-02-11)
10
3 "Rosie O'Donnell" Nyack, New York; Jersey City, New Jersey; New York City, New York (Manhattan and Brooklyn); Secaucus, New Jersey; Montreal, Quebec; Dublin, Ireland; County Wicklow, Ireland; Newbridge, County Kildare, Ireland; Birr, County Offaly, Ireland February 18, 2011 (2011-02-18)
11
4 "Kim Cattrall" Liverpool, England; Derbyshire, England; Durham, County Durham, England; Tudhoe, County Durham, England; Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada February 25, 2011 (2011-02-25)
12
5 "Lionel Richie" Los Angeles, California; Tuskegee, Alabama; Nashville, Tennessee; Chattanooga, Tennessee March 4, 2011 (2011-03-04)
13
6 "Steve Buscemi" Brooklyn, New York; Harrisburg, Pennsylvania; Fredericksburg, Virginia; Camden, New Jersey March 25, 2011 (2011-03-25)
14
7 "Gwyneth Paltrow" Manhattan, New York City, New York; Bridgetown, Barbados April 1, 2011 (2011-04-01)
15
8 "Ashley Judd" Louisville, Kentucky; Frankfort, Kentucky; Saltville, Virginia; Boston, Massachusetts; York, England; Boston, Lincolnshire, England; Cambridge, England; Plymouth, Devon, England April 8, 2011 (2011-04-08)
Season 3 (2012)[edit]
The show was renewed for a third season by NBC on February 22, 2011, and aired during the 2011–2012 television season.[12] The 12 celebrities included in season 3 were Marisa Tomei, Rob Lowe, Paula Deen, Rashida Jones, Jerome Bettis, Reba McEntire, Helen Hunt, Edie Falco, Rita Wilson, Jason Sudeikis, Martin Sheen and Blair Underwood. The show returned on February 3, 2012.[13]
No.
overall
No. in
season
Featured celebrity
Locations visited
Original release date
16
1 "Martin Sheen" Malibu, California; Dublin, Ireland; Madrid, Spain; Pamplona, Navarre, Spain; Tui, Galicia, Spain; La Coruña, Galicia, Spain; Parderrubias, Galicia, Spain February 3, 2012 (2012-02-03)
17
2 "Marisa Tomei" Manhattan, New York City, New York; Livorno, Tuscany, Italy (Cecina, Rio nell'Elba, Portoferraio and Castiglioncello); Lucca, Tuscany, Italy February 10, 2012 (2012-02-10)
18
3 "Blair Underwood" Los Angeles, California; Petersburg, Virginia; Richmond, Virginia; Lynchburg, Virginia; Babungo, Northwest Region, Cameroon February 24, 2012 (2012-02-24)
19
4 "Reba McEntire" Stringtown, Oklahoma; Aberdeen, Mississippi; Raleigh, North Carolina; Oxford, North Carolina; Tappahannock, Virginia; Cheshire, England March 2, 2012 (2012-03-02)
20
5 "Jerome Bettis" Detroit, Michigan; Paducah, Kentucky; Calloway County, Kentucky March 9, 2012 (2012-03-09)
21
6 "Helen Hunt" Los Angeles, California; Pasadena, California; San Francisco, California; Portland, Maine March 23, 2012 (2012-03-23)
22
7 "Rita Wilson" Los Angeles, California; Oraio, Greece; Smolyan, Bulgaria; Plovdiv, Bulgaria; Sofia, Bulgaria March 30, 2012 (2012-03-30)
23
8 "Edie Falco" Long Island, New York; Milwaukee, Wisconsin; England (Fulham; Penzance) April 6, 2012 (2012-04-06)
24
9 "Rob Lowe" Santa Barbara, California; Washington, D.C.; Trenton, New Jersey; Newtown, Pennsylvania; Germany (Marburg; Hessisch Lichtenau) April 27, 2012 (2012-04-27)
25
10 "Rashida Jones" Los Angeles, California; New York City, New York; Dublin, Ireland; Latvia (Riga; Aizpute; Rumbula) May 4, 2012 (2012-05-04)
26
11 "Jason Sudeikis" New York City, New York; Overland Park, Kansas; Chicago, Illinois; Bridgeport, Connecticut; Harrisburg, Pennsylvania May 11, 2012 (2012-05-11)
27
12 "Paula Deen" Savannah, Georgia; Albany, Georgia; Morrow, Georgia; Athens, Georgia; Atlanta, Georgia; Leesburg, Georgia May 18, 2012 (2012-05-18)
Season 4 (2013)[edit]
After being cancelled by NBC, TLC picked up the series and the new season began on July 23, 2013. Celebrities taking part in the fourth season were Christina Applegate, Cindy Crawford, Zooey Deschanel, Chelsea Handler, Kelly Clarkson, Trisha Yearwood, Jim Parsons and Chris O'Donnell.[14]
No.
overall
No. in
season
Featured celebrity
Locations visited
Original release date
28
1 "Kelly Clarkson" Columbus, Ohio; Decatur, Georgia; Andersonville, Georgia; Marietta, Ohio; Coal Run, Ohio July 23, 2013 (2013-07-23)
29
2 "Christina Applegate" Trenton, New Jersey July 30, 2013 (2013-07-30)
30
3 "Chelsea Handler" Bochum, Germany; Herne, Germany; Berlin, Germany; Saint-Raphaël, France; Algona, Iowa August 6, 2013 (2013-08-06)
31
4 "Zooey Deschanel" Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Swarthmore, Pennsylvania; Lancaster, Pennsylvania; Christiana, Pennsylvania August 13, 2013 (2013-08-13)
32
5 "Chris O'Donnell" St. Louis, Missouri; Washington, D.C.; Annapolis, Maryland; Baltimore, Maryland August 20, 2013 (2013-08-20)
33
6 "Cindy Crawford" Boston, Massachusetts; Hartford, Connecticut; Taunton, England; London, England; Aachen, Germany August 27, 2013 (2013-08-27)
34
7 "Trisha Yearwood" Nashville, Tennessee; Hampshire, England; Kew, England; Atlanta, Georgia September 3, 2013 (2013-09-03)
35
8 "Jim Parsons" New Orleans, Louisiana; Paris, France; Versailles, France September 10, 2013 (2013-09-10)
Season 5 (2014)[edit]
TLC renewed the show on September 10, 2013. The season premiered on July 23, 2014 and featured Cynthia Nixon, Jesse Tyler Ferguson, Rachel McAdams, Valerie Bertinelli, and Kelsey Grammer. Initially, an episode featuring Lauren Graham was planned but cancelled. Just like Kim Cattrall's episode, the network chose to air an edited version of an episode that Minnie Driver had made for the original BBC series in 2013.[15][16]
No.
overall
No. in
season
Featured celebrity
Locations visited
Original release date
36
1 "Cynthia Nixon" Manhattan, New York City, New York; Washington, D.C; Jefferson City, Missouri; Leasburg, Missouri July 23, 2014 (2014-07-23)
37
2 "Jesse Tyler Ferguson" Albuquerque, New Mexico; Annapolis, Maryland; Evanston, Illinois; Wrangell, Alaska July 30, 2014 (2014-07-30)
38
3 "Rachel McAdams[a]" Plymouth, Devon, England; Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; St-Jean-sur-Richelieu, Quebec, Canada; Toronto, Ontario, Canada August 6, 2014 (2014-08-06)
39
4 "Valerie Bertinelli" Scranton, Pennsylvania; Lanzo, Torino, Italy; London, United Kingdom August 13, 2014 (2014-08-13)
40
5 "Kelsey Grammer" Beverly Hills, California; San Francisco, California; Oakland, California; Portland, Oregon; Baker City, Oregon; Salem, Oregon; Benton County, Oregon August 20, 2014 (2014-08-20)
41
6 "Minnie Driver" United Kingdom August 27, 2014 (2014-08-27)
Jump up ^ The episode also featured McAdams' sister Kayleen McAdams, a Hollywood make-up artist.
Season 6 (2015)[edit]
Season 6 premiered on March 8, 2015.
No.
overall
No. in
season
Featured celebrity
Locations visited
Original release date
42
1 "Julie Chen" Los Angeles, California; Singapore; Penglai, Shandong, China March 8, 2015 (2015-03-08)
43
2 "Josh Groban" Los Angeles, California; Stuttgart, Germany March 15, 2015 (2015-03-15)
44
3 "Angie Harmon" Charlotte, North Carolina; Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Valley Forge, Pennsylvania; Harrisburg, Pennsylvania; Harrodsburg, Kentucky March 22, 2015 (2015-03-22)
45
4 "Sean Hayes" Los Angeles, California; Chicago, Illinois; Dublin, Ireland; Tarbert, Ireland March 29, 2015 (2015-03-29)
46
5 "Tony Goldwyn" Los Angeles, California; Albany, New York; Nunda, New York; Portland, Oregon; The Dalles, Oregon; Salem, Oregon; Hood River, Oregon April 5, 2015 (2015-04-05)
47
6 "America Ferrera" New York City, New York; La Esperanza, Intibucá, Honduras; Tegucigalpa, Honduras; San Jerónimo, Copán, Honduras April 12, 2015 (2015-04-12)
48
7 "Bill Paxton" Los Angeles, California; Washington, D.C.; Blacksburg, South Carolina; Richmond, Virginia; Warren County, Missouri April 19, 2015 (2015-04-19)
49
8 "Melissa Etheridge" Los Angeles, California; Quebec City, Quebec, Canada; Chester, Illinois; Kaskaskia, Illinois; Ste. Genevieve, Missouri April 26, 2015 (2015-04-26)
Season 7 (2015)[edit]
Season 7 premiered on July 26, 2015. This season featured Ginnifer Goodwin, J. K. Rowling, Alfre Woodard, Bryan Cranston, and Tom Bergeron.[17] Rowling's episode was an edited version of her appearance on the original BBC series in 2011.
No.
overall
No. in
season
Featured celebrity
Locations visited
Original release date
50
1 "Ginnifer Goodwin" Los Angeles, California; Batesville, Arkansas; Little Rock, Arkansas; Shreveport, Louisiana July 26, 2015 (2015-07-26)
51
2 "J. K. Rowling" Edinburgh, Scotland; Paris, France; Brumath, Alsace, France August 2, 2015 (2015-08-02)
52
3 "Alfre Woodard" Los Angeles, California; Perry, Georgia; Baton Rouge, Louisiana; Jackson Parish, Louisiana August 9, 2015 (2015-08-09)
53
4 "Bryan Cranston" Los Angeles, California; Chicago, Illinois; Springfield, Illinois; Montreal, Quebec; Dayton, Ohio August 23, 2015 (2015-08-23)
54
5 "Tom Bergeron" Portsmouth, New Hampshire; La Rochelle, France; Quebec City, Quebec August 30, 2015 (2015-08-30)
Season 8 (2016)[edit]
Season 8 premiered on April 3, 2016. The list of celebrity participants included Aisha Tyler, Scott Foley, Lea Michele, Chris Noth, Katey Sagal, and Molly Ringwald.[18]
No.
overall
No. in
season
Featured celebrity
Locations visited
Original release date
55
1 "Aisha Tyler" Oberlin, Ohio; Cleveland, Ohio; Austin, Texas April 3, 2016 (2016-04-03)
56
2 "Scott Foley" Washington, D.C.; Boston, Massachusetts; Salem, Massachusetts April 10, 2016 (2016-04-10)
57
3 "Katey Sagal" New York, New York; Harrisburg, Pennsylvania April 17, 2016 (2016-04-17)
58
4 "Molly Ringwald" Brooklyn, New York; Lund, Sweden; Höganäs, Sweden; Washington County, Nebraska; Arlington, Nebraska April 24, 2016 (2016-04-24)
59
5 "Chris Noth" Chicago, Illinois; London, England; Elvas, Portugal; County Cavan, Ireland May 1, 2016 (2016-05-01)
60
6 "Lea Michele" Bronx, New York; Ellis Island May 1, 2016 (2016-05-01)
Season 9 (2017)[edit]
On June 9, 2016, the series was renewed for a ninth season to consist of 8 episodes which premiered on March 5, 2017.[7] The list of celebrities that participated includes Jessica Biel, Julie Bowen, Courteney Cox, Jennifer Grey, Smokey Robinson, John Stamos, Liv Tyler and Noah Wyle.
No.
overall
No. in
season
Featured celebrity
Locations visited
Original release date
61
1 "Courteney Cox" Los Angeles, California; Gloucestershire, England; London, England March 5, 2017 (2017-03-05)
62
2 "Julie Bowen" Chicago, Illinois; Washington, Pennsylvania March 12, 2017 (2017-03-12)
63
3 "Jennifer Grey" Brooklyn, New York March 19, 2017 (2017-03-19)
64
4 "Noah Wyle" Baton Rouge, Louisiana; Jackson, Mississippi; Beauvoir (Biloxi, Mississippi) March 26, 2017 (2017-03-26)
65
5 "Jessica Biel" Los Angeles, California; Chicago, Illinois; St Louis, Missouri; Miller County, Missouri; Washington, D.C.; Alton, Illinois April 2, 2017 (2017-04-02)
66
6 "Smokey Robinson" Los Angeles, California; Memphis, Tennessee; Washington, D.C.; Fayette County, Tennessee April 9, 2016 (2016-04-09)
67
7 "John Stamos" Athens, Greece; Levidi, Greece; Nafplio, Greece; Kakouri, Greece April 16, 2017 (2017-04-16)
68
8 "Liv Tyler" Plattsburg, New York; Washington D.C.; Gettysburg, Pennsylvania; Schuylerville, New York April 23, 2017 (2017-04-23)
Season 10 (2018)[edit]
The series has been renewed for its tenth season, airing in spring 2018.[19][8]
Specials[edit]
No.
overall
No. in
season
Title
Original air date
1
1 "Into the Archives" August 16, 2015 (2015-08-16)
Some of the biggest emotional and shocking highlights from past seasons.
Ratings[edit]
Season 1: 2010[edit]
No.
Episode
Rating
Share
Rating/share
(18-49)
Viewers
(millions)
Rank
(timeslot)
Rank
(night)
1 "Sarah Jessica Parker"
4.6[20]
8
1.6/6[21]
6.85
2
5
2 "Emmitt Smith"
4.5[22]
8
1.8/6[23]
7.15
2
4
3 "Lisa Kudrow"
4.7
9
1.7/7
7.14
2
3
4 "Matthew Broderick"
4.1
8
1.5/5
6.21
3
9
5 "Brooke Shields"
4.0
8
1.4/6
5.90
1
5
6 "Susan Sarandon"
4.2
8[24]
1.3/5
6.35
1
2[25]
7 "Spike Lee"
3.5
7[26]
1.2/5
5.21
2
7[27]
Season 2: 2011[edit]
No.
Episode
Rating
Share
Rating/share
(18-49)
Viewers
(millions)
Rank
(timeslot)
Rank
(night)
Note
1 "Vanessa Williams"
4.5
8
1.3/4
7.31
3
6
[28]
2 "Tim McGraw"
4.2
7
1.4/5
6.59
2
4
[29]
3 "Rosie O'Donnell"
3.8
7
1.3/5
5.88
3
8
[30]
4 "Kim Cattrall"
4.1
7
1.2/4
6.18
3
9
[31]
5 "Lionel Richie"
3.9
7
1.2/4
6.11
2
5
[32]
6 "Steve Buscemi"
4.2
8
1.3/5
6.55
1
4
[33]
7 "Gwyneth Paltrow"
4.1
7
1.3/5
6.01
2
4
[34]
8 "Ashley Judd"
3.7
7
1.3/4
5.76
1
4
[35][36]
Season 7: 2015[edit]
No.
Episode
Rating
(18-49)
Viewers
(millions)
1 "Ginnifer Goodwin"
0.34[37]
1.428[37]
2 "J.K. Rowling"
0.32[38]
1.527[38]
3 "Alfre Woodard"
4 "Into the Archives"
DVD releases[edit]
Complete season
Release dates
DVD extras
and bonus features
Number
of discs
Region 1
Region 2
Region 4
Season 1
March 15, 2011[39] February 1, 2011[40] August 12, 2010[41] None 2
Season 2
May 1, 2012[42] February 20, 2012[43] TBA TBA 2
International distribution[edit]
In Australia, season 1 began airing on the Nine Network on April 28, 2010.[44] Season 2 and reruns of season 1 will now air on sister channel, GEM. For a reason unexplained by Nine, the episodes featuring Spike Lee and Emmitt Smith were not aired in the initial Australian screenings.
In the Republic of Ireland, the first season of the US version began airing on RTÉ One on Thursday, May 27, 2010, at 22:25.[45] The second series premiered on RTÉ One on Monday, July 4, 2011, at 22:40.[46]
In the United Kingdom, the first season of the US version began airing on BBC One on Sunday, June 13, 2010, at 21:15, the show received the same voice-over as the UK original series.[47] The second series, premiered on Wednesday, November 16, 2011, at 22:45. The first episode shown was that following Steve Buscemi. The fourth series premiered on BBC1 at midnight on Tuesday, January 14, 2014. The order of celebrity is changed in the opening credits to Applegate, Clarkson, O'Donnell, Deschanel, Crawford and Parsons. Handler and Yearwood are not featured as they have little profile in the UK.
In Sweden, the first season of the US version began airing with Swedish subtitles on SVT on Tuesday, September 14, 2010, at 13:20.
In Greece, the first season of the US version began airing with Greek subtitles on Fox Life on Thursday, October 14, 2010, at 21:55.
In Finland, the first season of the US version began airing with Finnish subtitles on MTV3 on Thursday December 30, 2010, at 20:00, called Sukujuuria etsimässä, "Looking for family roots".
In Czech Republic, Slovakia, Hungary and Former Yugoslav republics, the US version airs on Universal Channel, the British version airs on Viasat History.
In The Netherlands, the US versions of season 1 & 2 aired on August 8, 2013.
In Italy, the show began airing on Studio Universal on February 4, 2013. Reruns of season 2 and season 1 began airing on LaEFFE since May, 2013.
In Germany, it began airing on RTL Living on November 25, 2011. The network also aired the British version of the series on January 6, 2012.
Awards and nominations[edit]
Year
Presenter
Award
Result
2012 64th Primetime Emmy Awards Outstanding Reality Program Nominated
2014 66th Primetime Emmy Awards Outstanding Structured Reality Program Nominated
2017 69th Primetime Emmy Awards Outstanding Structured Reality Program Nominated
2018 Critics' Choice Awards Best Structured Reality Series Nominated
See also[edit]
African American Lives
Ancestors in the Attic
Finding Your Roots
Genealogy Roadshow
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Burstein, Nathan (January 21, 2009). "Lisa Kudrow's Family Tree". The Forward. Retrieved January 10, 2018.
Jump up ^ Lipworth, Elaine (February 6, 2009). "Massacre that led to Friends: Actress Lisa Kudrow discovers her family's brutal past". Mail Online. Retrieved January 10, 2018.
Jump up ^ Hinckley, David (February 28, 2010). "Everything now in 'Order' at NBC post-Leno shift". NY Daily News. Retrieved January 10, 2018.
Jump up ^ Seidman, Robert (May 13, 2012). "'Fear Factor,' 'Minute to Win It,' Who Do You Think You Are?' and 'The Sing Off' All Canceled by NBC". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved August 29, 2012.
Jump up ^ Stromblad, Cory (February 25, 2013). "Kelly Clarkson Embraces Her Southern Roots on 'Who Do You Think You Are?'". Taste of Country. Retrieved April 9, 2013.
Jump up ^ "TLC Renews "Who Do You Think You Are?" and "Long Lost Family" for Additional Seasons". The Futon Critic. Retrieved February 15, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b "TLC Reveals New Celebrity Contributors for "Who Do You Think You Are?"". The Futon Critic. Retrieved February 15, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b Petski, Denise (August 25, 2017). "'Who Do You Think You Are?' Renewed By TLC". Deadline. Retrieved January 10, 2018.
Jump up ^ Seidman, Robert (April 5, 2010). "NBC renews "Marriage Ref, "Minute To Win It," and "Who Do You Think You Are?"". TVbytheNumbers. Retrieved April 5, 2010.
Jump up ^ "CW - Primetime Calender thru to March 4, 2011". December 28, 2010. Retrieved January 22, 2018.
Jump up ^ 'Who Do You Think You Are?': NBC Announces The Celebrities Tracing Their Family Trees On Season Two Archived December 19, 2010, at the Wayback Machine. NBC
Jump up ^ "NBC Picks Up 'The Biggest Loser,' 'Who Do You Think You Are?' and 'The Sing-Off' For 2011-12". NBC.
Jump up ^ Goldberg, Lesley. "Martin Sheen, Reba McEntire, Rob Lowe Among 'Who Do You Think You Are?' Season 3 Cast". The Hollywood Reporter.
Jump up ^ TLC Reveals the Celebrity Contributors on 'Who Do You Think You Are?' Including Kelly Clarkson & Jim Parsons TVbytheNumbers
Jump up ^ Nededog, Jethro (June 4, 2014). ""Who Do You Think You Are?" Season 5 to Feature Cynthia Nixon, Jesse Tyler Ferguson, Rachel McAdams".
Jump up ^ "Updates On New Season Of "Who Do You Think You Are?" And TLC Network". July 23, 2014.
Jump up ^ Nededog, Jethro (June 25, 2015). "Bryan Cranston and more to appear on new season of family history series 'Who Do You Think You Are?'".
Jump up ^ Smolenyak, Megan. "New Season of 'Who Do You Think You Are?' Launching April 3rd". The Huffington Post. Retrieved March 6, 2016.
Jump up ^ "TLC Renews "Who Do You Think You Are?" for New Season Premiering Spring 2018". The Futon Critic. Retrieved September 4, 2017.
Jump up ^ Nguyen, Hanh (March 6, 2010). "TV Ratings: CBS edges out NBC Friday". ZAP2it.com. Retrieved April 5, 2010.
Jump up ^ Seidman, Robert (March 6, 2010). "TV Ratings: Medium, Dateline Lead Night; Who Do You Think You Are Debuts". TVbytheNumbers. Archived from the original on March 10, 2010. Retrieved April 5, 2010.
Jump up ^ Porter, Rick (March 13, 2010). "TV ratings: 'Numb3rs' finale leads CBS Friday". Zap2It.com. Retrieved March 13, 2010.
Jump up ^ Seidman, Robert (March 13, 2010). "TV Ratings: Numb3rs Counted For the Last Time?". TVByTheNumbers.com. Archived from the original on March 15, 2010. Retrieved March 13, 2010.
Jump up ^ Law, Christine (April 24, 2010). "TV Ratings: Family tree show helps NBC take a Friday win". ZAP2it.com. Retrieved April 28, 2010.
Jump up ^ Gorman, Bill (April 24, 2010). "TV Ratings: Dateline Leads NBC Win, As Food Revolution Ends Without A Bang". TVbytheNumbers. Retrieved April 28, 2010.
Jump up ^ Porter, Rick (May 1, 2010). "TV ratings: CBS, NBC share Friday victory". ZAP2it.com. Retrieved May 1, 2010.
Jump up ^ Seidman, Robert (May 1, 2010). "TV Ratings: Dateline Leads Friday Again". TVbytheNumbers. Retrieved May 1, 2010.
Jump up ^ Seidman, Robert (February 7, 2011). "Friday Finals: No Adjustments for 'Fringe,' 'Supernatural,' 'Smallville' or Any Other Show's 18-49 Ratings". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved February 28, 2011.
Jump up ^ Gorman, Bill (February 14, 2011). "Friday Final Ratings: 'CSI:NY' Adjusted Up; No Adjustment For 'Fringe,' 'Smallville,' 'Supernatural'". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved February 28, 2011.
Jump up ^ Seidman, Robert (February 22, 2011). "Friday Final Ratings: 'Blue Bloods' Falls; No Adjustments for 'Fringe,' 'Smallville' and 'Supernatural". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved February 28, 2011.
Jump up ^ Gorman, Bill (February 28, 2011). "Friday Final Ratings: 'CSI:NY' Adjusted Up; No Adjustments For 'Fringe,' 'Supernatural,' 'Smallville'". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved February 28, 2011.
Jump up ^ Seidman, Robert (March 7, 2011). "Friday Final Ratings: 'Smallville' Adjusted Down, 20/20 Adjusted Up". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved March 7, 2011.
Jump up ^ Gorman, Bill (March 26, 2011). "Updated TV Ratings Friday: 'Fringe' Rebounds, 'Shark Tank's' Mark Cuban Still Can't Beat The Donald". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved March 26, 2011.
Jump up ^ Gorman, Bill (April 2, 2011). "TV Ratings Friday: 'Chaos' Bombs; 'CSI:NY,' 'Blue Bloods' Return Down; 'Shark Tank' Steady". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved April 2, 2011.
Jump up ^ Seidman, Robert (April 10, 2011). "TV Ratings Friday: 'Chaos' Goes Even Lower and Takes 'CSI: NY' & 'Blue Bloods' Down With It; 'Shark Tank' Down". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved April 10, 2011.
Jump up ^ The Futon Staff Critic (April 9, 2011). "Friday's Broadcast Ratings: 'Chaos' Craters in Second Week". The Futon Critic. Retrieved April 9, 2011.
^ Jump up to: a b "ShowBuzzDaily's Top 100 Sunday Cable Originals (& Network Update): 7.26.2015". www.showbuzzdaily.com. Retrieved August 11, 2015.
^ Jump up to: a b "ShowBuzzDaily's Top 100 Sunday Cable Originals (& Network Update): 8.2.2015". www.showbuzzdaily.com. Retrieved August 11, 2015.
Jump up ^ "Who Do You Think You Are? DVD news: Announcement for Who Do You Think You Are? - Season 1". tvshowsondvd.com. Retrieved January 22, 2018.
Jump up ^ "Who Do You Think You Are - U.S". April 4, 2011. Retrieved January 22, 2018 – via Amazon.
Jump up ^ "Who Do You Think You Are? (Usa) | DVD Movies & TV Shows, Genres, Special Interest / Documentary". Jbhifionline.com.au. Retrieved January 22, 2014.
Jump up ^ "Who Do You Think You Are?: Season 2". May 1, 2012. Retrieved January 22, 2018 – via Amazon.
Jump up ^ "Who Do You Think You Are? USA - Series Two". February 20, 2012. Retrieved January 22, 2018 – via Amazon.
Jump up ^ "Who Do You Think You Are?". Channel Nine Australia. Archived from the original on May 2, 2010.
Jump up ^ "RTÉ News". Archived from the original on May 30, 2009.
Jump up ^ "Who Do You Think You Are? USA". RTÉ News.
Jump up ^ "Who Do You Think You Are?". BBC. Retrieved January 22, 2018.
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Sophocles
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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For the screenwriting software, see Sophocles (software). For the ships, see SS Sophocles (1900) and SS Sophocles (1921).
Sophocles
Born
497/496 BC
Colonus, Attica
Died
406/405 BC (aged 90-92)
Athens
Occupation
Tragedian
Information
Genre
Tragedy
Notable work(s)
Ajax
Antigone
Oedipus Rex
Electra
Oedipus at Colonus
Sophocles (/ˈsɒfəkliːz/;[1] Greek: Σοφοκλῆς, Sophoklēs, Ancient Greek: [so.pʰo.klɛ̂ːs]; c. 497/6 – winter 406/5 BC)[2] is one of three ancient Greek tragedians whose plays have survived. His first plays were written later than those of Aeschylus, and earlier than or contemporary with those of Euripides. Sophocles wrote over 120 plays[3] during the course of his life, but only seven have survived in a complete form: Ajax, Antigone, The Women of Trachis, Oedipus Rex, Electra, Philoctetes and Oedipus at Colonus.[4] For almost 50 years, Sophocles was the most celebrated playwright in the dramatic competitions of the city-state of Athens that took place during the religious festivals of the Lenaea and the Dionysia. He competed in 30 competitions, won 24, and was never judged lower than second place. Aeschylus won 13 competitions, and was sometimes defeated by Sophocles, while Euripides won 4 competitions.[5]
The most famous tragedies of Sophocles feature Oedipus and also Antigone: they are generally known as the Theban plays, although each play was actually a part of a different tetralogy, the other members of which are now lost. Sophocles influenced the development of drama, most importantly by adding a third actor, thereby reducing the importance of the chorus in the presentation of the plot. He also developed his characters to a greater extent than earlier playwrights such as Aeschylus.[6]
Contents
[hide]
1 Life
2 Works and legacy
2.1 Theban plays
2.1.1 Subjects
2.1.2 Composition and inconsistencies
2.2 Other plays
2.3 Fragmentary plays
2.4 Sophocles' view of his own work
3 See also
4 Notes
5 References
6 External links
Life[edit]
A marble relief of a poet, perhaps Sophocles
Sophocles, the son of Sophilus, was a wealthy member of the rural deme (small community) of Hippeios Colonus in Attica, which was to become a setting for one of his plays, and he was probably born there.[2][7] Sophocles was born a few years before the Battle of Marathon in 490 BC: the exact year is unclear, although 497/6 is the most likely.[2][8] Sophocles was born into a wealthy family (his father was an armour manufacturer) and was highly educated. Sophocles' first artistic triumph was in 468 BC, when he took first prize in the Dionysia theatre competition over the reigning master of Athenian drama, Aeschylus.[2][9] According to Plutarch, the victory came under unusual circumstances. Instead of following the usual custom of choosing judges by lot, the archon asked Cimon and the other strategoi present to decide the victor of the contest. Plutarch further contends that following this loss Aeschylus soon left for Sicily.[10] Although Plutarch says that this was Sophocles' first production, it is now thought that his first production was probably in 470 BC.[7] Triptolemus was probably one of the plays that Sophocles presented at this festival.[7]
In 480 BC Sophocles was chosen to lead the paean (a choral chant to a god), celebrating the Greek victory over the Persians at the Battle of Salamis.[11] Early in his career, the politician Cimon might have been one of his patrons, although if he was, there was no ill will borne by Pericles, Cimon's rival, when Cimon was ostracized in 461 BC.[2] In 443/2 he served as one of the Hellenotamiai, or treasurers of Athena, helping to manage the finances of the city during the political ascendancy of Pericles.[2] According to the Vita Sophoclis, in 441 BC he was elected one of the ten generals, executive officials at Athens, as a junior colleague of Pericles, and he served in the Athenian campaign against Samos; he was supposed to have been elected to this position as the result of his production of Antigone.[12]
In 420 BC, he welcomed and set up an altar for the image of Asclepius at his house, when the deity was introduced to Athens. For this, he was given the posthumous epithet Dexion (receiver) by the Athenians.[13] He was also elected, in 413 BC, one of the commissioners (probouloi) who responded to the catastrophic destruction of the Athenian expeditionary force in Sicily during the Peloponnesian War.[14]
Sophocles died at the age of ninety or ninety-one in the winter of 406/5 BC, having seen within his lifetime both the Greek triumph in the Persian Wars and the bloodletting of the Peloponnesian War.[2] As with many famous men in classical antiquity, his death inspired a number of apocryphal stories. The most famous is the suggestion that he died from the strain of trying to recite a long sentence from his Antigone without pausing to take a breath. Another account suggests he choked while eating grapes at the Anthesteria festival in Athens. A third holds that he died of happiness after winning his final victory at the City Dionysia.[15] A few months later, a comic poet, in a play titled The Muses, wrote this eulogy: "Blessed is Sophocles, who had a long life, was a man both happy and talented, and the writer of many good tragedies; and he ended his life well without suffering any misfortune."[16] According to some accounts, however, his own sons tried to have him declared incompetent near the end of his life; he is said to have refuted their charge in court by reading from his as yet unproduced Oedipus at Colonus.[17] One of his sons, Iophon, and a grandson, also called Sophocles, also became playwrights.[18]
Several ancient sources mention Sophocles' homosexuality or bisexuality. Athenaios reported that Sophocles loved boys like Euripides loved women. The poet Ion of Chios relates an anecdote involving Sophocles seducing a serving boy at a symposium, and Athenaios one in which Sophocles is tricked by a hustler.
Works and legacy[edit]
Portrait of the Greek actor Euiaon in Sophocles' Andromeda, c. 430 BC.
Among Sophocles' earliest innovations was the addition of a third actor, which further reduced the role of the chorus and created greater opportunity for character development and conflict between characters.[6] Aeschylus, who dominated Athenian playwriting during Sophocles' early career, followed suit and adopted the third character into his own work towards the end of his life.[6] Aristotle credits Sophocles with the introduction of skenographia, or scenery-painting. It was not until after the death of the old master Aeschylus in 456 BC that Sophocles became the pre-eminent playwright in Athens.[2]
Thereafter, Sophocles emerged victorious in dramatic competitions at 18 Dionysia and 6 Lenaia festivals.[2] In addition to innovations in dramatic structure, Sophocles' work is also known for its deeper development of characters than earlier playwrights.[6] His reputation was such that foreign rulers invited him to attend their courts, although unlike Aeschylus who died in Sicily, or Euripides who spent time in Macedon, Sophocles never accepted any of these invitations.[2] Aristotle used Sophocles' Oedipus Rex in his Poetics (c. 335 BC) as an example of the highest achievement in tragedy, which suggests the high esteem in which his work was held by later Greeks.[19]
Only two of the seven surviving plays[20] can be dated securely: Philoctetes (409 BC) and Oedipus at Colonus (401 BC, staged after Sophocles' death by his grandson). Of the others, Electra shows stylistic similarities to these two plays, which suggests that it was probably written in the latter part of his career. Ajax, Antigone and The Trachiniae are generally thought to be among his early works, again based on stylistic elements, with Oedipus Rex coming in Sophocles' middle period. Most of Sophocles' plays show an undercurrent of early fatalism and the beginnings of Socratic logic as a mainstay for the long tradition of Greek tragedy.[21][22]
Theban plays[edit]
The Theban plays consist of three plays: Oedipus Rex (also called Oedipus Tyrannus or Oedipus the King), Oedipus at Colonus and Antigone. All three plays concern the fate of Thebes during and after the reign of King Oedipus.[23] They have often been published under a single cover.[24] Sophocles, however, wrote the three plays for separate festival competitions, many years apart. Not only are the Theban plays not a true trilogy (three plays presented as a continuous narrative) but they are not even an intentional series and contain some inconsistencies among them.[23] He also wrote other plays having to do with Thebes, such as the Epigoni, of which only fragments have survived.[25]
Subjects[edit]
Each of the plays relates to the tale of the mythological Oedipus, who killed his father and married his mother without knowledge that they were his parents. His family is fated to be doomed for three generations.
In Oedipus Rex, Oedipus is the protagonist. Oedipus' infanticide is planned by his parents, Laius and Jocasta, to avert him from fulfilling a prophecy; in truth, the servant entrusted with the infanticide passes the infant on through a series of intermediaries to a childless couple, who adopt him not knowing his history. Oedipus eventually learns of the Delphic Oracle's prophecy of him, that he would kill his father and marry his mother; Oedipus attempts to flee his fate without harming those he knows as his parents (at this point, he does not know that he is adopted). Oedipus meets a man at a crossroads accompanied by servants; Oedipus and the man fight, and Oedipus kills the man (who was his father, Laius, although neither knew at the time). He becomes the ruler of Thebes after solving the riddle of the sphinx and in the process, marries the widowed queen, his mother Jocasta. Thus the stage is set for horror. When the truth comes out, following from another true but confusing prophecy from Delphi, Jocasta commits suicide, Oedipus blinds himself and leaves Thebes. At the end of the play, order is restored. This restoration is seen when Creon, brother of Jocasta, becomes king, and also when Oedipus, before going off to exile, asks Creon to take care of his children. Oedipus's children will always bear the weight of shame and humiliation because of their father's actions.[26]
In Oedipus at Colonus, the banished Oedipus and his daughter Antigone arrive at the town of Colonus where they encounter Theseus, King of Athens. Oedipus dies and strife begins between his sons Polyneices and Eteocles.
In Antigone, the protagonist is Oedipus' daughter, Antigone. She is faced with the choice of allowing her brother Polyneices' body to remain unburied, outside the city walls, exposed to the ravages of wild animals, or to bury him and face death. The king of the land, Creon, has forbidden the burial of Polyneices for he was a traitor to the city. Antigone decides to bury his body and face the consequences of her actions. Creon sentences her to death. Eventually, Creon is convinced to free Antigone from her punishment, but his decision comes too late and Antigone commits suicide. Her suicide triggers the suicide of two others close to King Creon: his son, Haemon, who was to wed Antigone, and his wife, Eurydice, who commits suicide after losing her only surviving son.
Composition and inconsistencies[edit]
Oedipus at Colonus by Jean-Antoine-Théodore Giroust (1788), Dallas Museum of Art
The plays were written across thirty-six years of Sophocles' career and were not composed in chronological order, but instead were written in the order Antigone, Oedipus Rex, and Oedipus at Colonus. Nor were they composed as a trilogy – a group of plays to be performed together, but are the remaining parts of three different groups of plays. As a result, there are some inconsistencies: notably, Creon is the undisputed king at the end of Oedipus Rex and, in consultation with Apollo, single-handedly makes the decision to expel Oedipus from Thebes. Creon is also instructed to look after Oedipus' daughters Antigone and Ismene at the end of Oedipus Rex. By contrast, in the other plays there is some struggle with Oedipus' sons Eteocles and Polynices in regard to the succession. In Oedipus at Colonus, Sophocles attempts to work these inconsistencies into a coherent whole: Ismene explains that, in light of their tainted family lineage, her brothers were at first willing to cede the throne to Creon. Nevertheless, they eventually decided to take charge of the monarchy, with each brother disputing the other's right to succeed. In addition to being in a clearly more powerful position in Oedipus at Colonus, Eteocles and Polynices are also culpable: they consent (l. 429, Theodoridis, tr.) to their father's going to exile, which is one of his bitterest charges against them.[23]
Other plays[edit]
In addition to the three Theban plays, there are four surviving plays by Sophocles: Ajax, The Women of Trachis, Electra, and Philoctetes, the last of which won first prize in 409 BC in which it competed.[27]
Ajax focuses on the proud hero of the Trojan War, Telamonian Ajax, who is driven to treachery and eventually suicide. Ajax becomes gravely upset when Achilles’ armor is presented to Odysseus instead of himself. Despite their enmity toward him, Odysseus persuades the kings Menelaus and Agamemnon to grant Ajax a proper burial.
The Women of Trachis (named for the Trachinian women who make up the chorus) dramatizes Deianeira's accidentally killing Heracles after he had completed his famous twelve labors. Tricked into thinking it is a love charm, Deianeira applies poison to an article of Heracles' clothing; this poisoned robe causes Heracles to die an excruciating death. Upon learning the truth, Deianeira commits suicide.
Electra corresponds roughly to the plot of Aeschylus' Libation Bearers. It details how Electra and Orestes' avenge their father Agamemnon's murder by Clytemnestra and Aegisthus.
Philoctetes retells the story of Philoctetes, an archer who had been abandoned on Lemnos by the rest of the Greek fleet while on the way to Troy. After learning that they cannot win the Trojan War without Philoctetes' bow, the Greeks send Odysseus and Neoptolemus to retrieve him; due to the Greeks' earlier treachery, however, Philoctetes refuses to rejoin the army. It is only Heracles' deus ex machina appearance that persuades Philoctetes to go to Troy.
Fragmentary plays[edit]
Although the list of over 120 titles of plays associated with Sophocles are known and presented below,[28] little is known of the precise dating of most of them. Philoctetes is known to have been written in 409 BC, and Oedipus at Colonus is known to have only been performed in 401 BC, posthumously, at the initiation of Sophocles' grandson. The convention on writing plays for the Greek festivals was to submit them in tetralogies of three tragedies along with one satyr play. Along with the unknown dating of the vast majority of over 120 play titles, it is also largely unknown how the plays were grouped. It is, however, known that the three plays referred to in the modern era as the "Theban plays" were never performed together in Sophocles' own lifetime, and are therefore not a trilogy (which they are sometimes erroneously seen as).
Fragments of Ichneutae (Tracking Satyrs) were discovered in Egypt in 1907.[29] These amount to about half of the play, making it the best preserved satyr play after Euripides' Cyclops, which survives in its entirety.[29] Fragments of the Epigoni were discovered in April 2005 by classicists at Oxford University with the help of infrared technology previously used for satellite imaging. The tragedy tells the story of the second siege of Thebes.[25] A number of other Sophoclean works have survived only in fragments, including:
Aias Lokros (Ajax the Locrian)
Aias Mastigophoros (Ajax the Whip-Bearer)
Aigeus (Aegeus)
Aigisthos (Aegisthus)
Aikhmalôtides (The Captive Women)
Aithiopes (The Ethiopians), or Memnon
Akhaiôn Syllogos (The Gathering of the Achaeans)
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Sophocles' view of his own work[edit]
There is a passage of Plutarch's tract De Profectibus in Virtute 7 in which Sophocles discusses his own growth as a writer. A likely source of this material for Plutarch was the Epidemiae of Ion of Chios, a book that recorded many conversations of Sophocles. This book is a likely candidate to have contained Sophocles' discourse on his own development because Ion was a friend of Sophocles, and the book is known to have been used by Plutarch.[30] Though some interpretations of Plutarch's words suggest that Sophocles says that he imitated Aeschylus, the translation does not fit grammatically, nor does the interpretation that Sophocles said that he was making fun of Aeschylus' works. C. M. Bowra argues for the following translation of the line: "After practising to the full the bigness of Aeschylus, then the painful ingenuity of my own invention, now in the third stage I am changing to the kind of diction which is most expressive of character and best."[31]
Here Sophocles says that he has completed a stage of Aeschylus' work, meaning that he went through a phase of imitating Aeschylus' style but is finished with that. Sophocles' opinion of Aeschylus was mixed. He certainly respected him enough to imitate his work early on in his career, but he had reservations about Aeschylus' style,[32] and thus did not keep his imitation up. Sophocles' first stage, in which he imitated Aeschylus, is marked by "Aeschylean pomp in the language".[33] Sophocles' second stage was entirely his own. He introduced new ways of evoking feeling out of an audience, as in his Ajax, when Ajax is mocked by Athene, then the stage is emptied so that he may commit suicide alone.[34] Sophocles mentions a third stage, distinct from the other two, in his discussion of his development. The third stage pays more heed to diction. His characters spoke in a way that was more natural to them and more expressive of their individual character feelings.[35]
See also[edit]
Theatre of ancient Greece
Notes[edit]
Jump up ^ Jones, Daniel; Roach, Peter, James Hartman and Jane Setter, eds. Cambridge English Pronouncing Dictionary. 17th edition. Cambridge UP, 2006.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j Sommerstein (2002), p. 41.
Jump up ^ The exact number is unknown, the Suda says he wrote 123, another ancient source says 130, but no exact number "is possible", see Lloyd-Jones 2003, p. 3.
Jump up ^ Suda (ed. Finkel et al.): s.v. Σοφοκλῆς.
Jump up ^ Sophocles at Encyclopædia Britannica
^ Jump up to: a b c d Freeman, p. 247.
^ Jump up to: a b c Sommerstein (2007), p. xi.
Jump up ^ Lloyd-Jones 1994, p. 7.
Jump up ^ Freeman, p. 246.
Jump up ^ Life of Cimon 8. Plutarch is mistaken about Aeschylus' death during this trip; he went on to produce dramas in Athens for another decade.
Jump up ^ McGraw-Hill Encyclopedia of World Drama: An International Reference Work in 5 Volumes, Volume 1, "Sophocles".
Jump up ^ Beer 2004, p. 69.
Jump up ^ Clinton, Kevin "The Epidauria and the Arrival of Asclepius in Athens", in Ancient Greek Cult Practice from the Epigraphical Evidence, edited by R. Hägg, Stockholm, 1994.
Jump up ^ Lloyd-Jones 1994, pp. 12–13.
Jump up ^ Schultz 1835, pp. 150–1.
Jump up ^ Lucas 1964, p. 128.
Jump up ^ Cicero recounts this story in his De Senectute 7.22.
Jump up ^ Sommerstein (2002), pp. 41–42.
Jump up ^ Aristotle. Ars Poetica.
Jump up ^ The first printed edition of the seven plays is by Aldus Manutius in Venice 1502: Sophoclis tragaediae [sic] septem cum commentariis. Despite the addition 'cum commentariis' in the title, the Aldine edition did not include the ancient scholia to Sophocles. These had to wait until 1518 when Janus Lascaris brought out the relevant edition in Rome.
Jump up ^ Lloyd-Jones 1994, pp. 8-9.
Jump up ^ Scullion, pp. 85–86, rejects attempts to date Antigone to shortly before 441/0 based on an anecdote that the play led to Sophocles' election as general. On other grounds, he cautiously suggests c. 450 BC.
^ Jump up to: a b c Sophocles, ed Grene and Lattimore, pp. 1–2.
Jump up ^ See for example: "Sophocles: The Theban Plays", Penguin Books, 1947; Sophocles I: Oedipus the King, Oedipus at Colonus, Antigone, University of Chicago, 1991; Sophocles: The Theban Plays: Antigone/King Oidipous/Oidipous at Colonus, Focus Publishing/R. Pullins Company, 2002; Sophocles, The Oedipus Cycle: Oedipus Rex, Oedipus at Colonus, Antigone, Harvest Books, 2002; Sophocles, Works, Loeb Classical Library, Vol I. London, W. Heinemann; New York,Macmillan, 1912 (often reprinted) - the 1994 Loeb, however, prints Sophocles in chronological order.
^ Jump up to: a b Murray, Matthew, "Newly Readable Oxyrhynchus Papyri Reveal Works by Sophocles, Lucian, and Others", Theatermania, 18 April 2005. Retrieved 9 July 2007.
Jump up ^ Sophocles. Oedipus the King. The Norton Anthology of Western Literature. Gen. ed. Peter Simon. 8th ed. Vol. 1. New York: Norton, 1984. 648–52. Print. ISBN 0-393-92572-2
Jump up ^ Freeman, pp. 247–248.
Jump up ^ Lloyd-Jones 2003, pp. 3–9.
^ Jump up to: a b Seaford, p. 1361.
Jump up ^ Bowra, p. 386.
Jump up ^ Bowra, p. 401.
Jump up ^ Bowra, p. 389.
Jump up ^ Bowra, p. 392.
Jump up ^ Bowra, p. 396.
Jump up ^ Bowra, pp. 385–401.

Library resources about
Sophocles
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References[edit]
Beer, Josh (2004). Sophocles and the Tragedy of Athenian Democracy. Greenwood Publishing. ISBN 0-313-28946-8
Bowra, C. M. (1940). "Sophocles on His Own Development". American Journal of Philology. The Johns Hopkins University Press. 61 (4): 385–401. doi:10.2307/291377. JSTOR 291377. (Subscription required (help)).
Finkel, Raphael. "Adler number: sigma,815". Suda on Line: Byzantine Lexicography. Retrieved 2007-03-14.
Freeman, Charles. (1999). The Greek Achievement: The Foundation of the Western World. New York: Viking Press. ISBN 0-670-88515-0
Hubbard, Thomas K. (2003). Homosexuality in Greece and Rome: A Sourcebook of Basic Documents.
Johnson, Marguerite & Terry Ryan (2005). Sexuality in Greek and Roman Society and Literature: A Sourcebook. Routledge. ISBN 0-415-17331-0, ISBN 978-0-415-17331-5
Lloyd-Jones, Hugh (ed.) (1994). Sophocles. Ajax. Electra. Oedipus Tyrannus. Harvard University Press.
Lloyd-Jones, Hugh (ed.) (2003). Sophocles. Fragments, Edited and translated by Hugh Lloyd-Jones, Loeb Classical Library No. 483. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2003. ISBN 978-0-674-99532-1. Online version at Harvard University Press.
Lucas, Donald William (1964). The Greek Tragic Poets. W.W. Norton & Co.
Minghella, Anthony (1987). First episode of BBC's Inspector Morse mentioned Sophocles as the "murderer."
Plato. Plato in Twelve Volumes, Vols. 5 & 6 translated by Paul Shorey. Cambridge, MA, Harvard University Press; London, William Heinemann Ltd. 1969.
Schultz, Ferdinand (1835). De vita Sophoclis poetae commentatio. Phil. Diss., Berlin.
Scullion, Scott (2002). Tragic dates, Classical Quarterly, new sequence 52, pp. 81–101.
Seaford, Richard A. S. (2003). "Satyric drama". In Simon Hornblower and Antony Spawforth. The Oxford Classical Dictionary (revised 3rd ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 1361. ISBN 0-19-860641-9.
Smith, Philip (1867). "Sophocles". In William Smith. Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology. 3. Boston: Little, Brown, and Company. pp. 865–873. Archived from the original on 2 February 2007. Retrieved 2007-02-19.
Sommerstein, Alan Herbert (2002). Greek Drama and Dramatists. Routledge. ISBN 0-415-26027-2
Sommerstein, Alan Herbert (2007). "General Introduction" pp.xi-xxix in Sommerstein, A.H., Fitzpatrick, D. and Tallboy, T. Sophocles: Selected Fragmentary Plays: Volume 1. Aris and Phillips. ISBN 0-85668-766-9
Sophocles. Sophocles I: Oedipus the King, Oedipus at Colonus, Antigone. 2nd ed. Grene, David and Lattimore, Richard, eds. Chicago: University of Chicago, 1991.
Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. "Macropaedia Knowledge In Depth." The New Encyclopædia Britannica Volume 20. Chicago: Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc., 2005. 344-346.
External links[edit]
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Works by Sophocles at the Perseus Digital Library (Greek and English)
SORGLL: Sophocles, Electra 1126-1170; read by Rachel Kitzinger
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Sophokles – Afrikaans
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Sofocles – Aragonese
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an
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Sofokl – Azerbaijani
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az
interlanguage-link-target

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Sophocles – Bislama
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Sofokle – Bosnian
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bs
interlanguage-link-target

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Sofokles – Breton
br
br
interlanguage-link-target

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Soffocles – Welsh
cy
cy
interlanguage-link-target

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https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sofokles
Sofokles – Danish
da
da
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sophokles
Sophokles – German
de
de
interlanguage-link-target

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https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sophokles
Sophokles – Estonian
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et
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Sofoklo – Esperanto
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Sofokles – Basque
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eu
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Sofokles – Faroese
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fo
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Sophocle – French
fr
fr
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Sofokles – Western Frisian
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fy
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Sofoklo – Croatian
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Sofokles – Ido
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Sopokles – Iloko
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Sophokles – Indonesian
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Sophocles – Interlingua
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Sofocle – Italian
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Sophokles – Swahili
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Sofokles – Norwegian
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Sofokles – Norwegian Nynorsk
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Sofokl – Uzbek
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Sofokles – Polish
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Sofokles – Kara-Kalpak
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Sofocle – Romanian
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Sofokliu – Albanian
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Sofucli – Sicilian
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Sofokles – Slovak
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Sofoklej – Slovenian
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Sofokle – Serbo-Croatian
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Sofokles – Finnish
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Sofokles – Swedish
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Sopokles – Tagalog
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tl
interlanguage-link-target

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Sofokles – Turkish
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Sophocles – Vietnamese
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Sophokles – Volapük
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Sophocles – Yoruba
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