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Radio Romance (TV series)
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Radio Romance
Promotional poster
Original title
라디오 로맨스
Genre
Romance
Created by
KBS Drama Production
Written by
Jeon Yu-ri
Directed by
Kim Shin-il
Starring
Yoon Doo-joon
Kim So-hyun
Yoon Park
Yura
Country of origin
South Korea
Original language(s)
Korean
No. of episodes
16
Production
Executive producer(s)
Heo Gun
Kim Chu-seok
Kim Kwan-min
Lee Gun-joon
Producer(s)
Kim Dong-hwi
Seo Byung-chul
Camera setup
Single-camera
Running time
60 minutes
Production company(s)
Urban Works Media
Plusis Media[1]
Distributor
Korean Broadcasting System
Release
Original network
KBS2
Picture format
1080i (HDTV)
Audio format
Dolby Digital
Original release
January 29 (2018-01-29) – March 20, 2018 (2018-03-20)
External links
Website
Radio Romance (Hangul: 라디오 로맨스; RR: Radio Romaenseu) is a 2018 South Korean television series starring Yoon Doo-joon and Kim So-hyun, with Yoon Park and Yura. It airs on KBS2's Mondays and Tuesdays at 22:00 (KST) time slot, premiered on January 29, 2018.[2][3][4][5]
The series was a commercial failure only averaging 4.1% in audience share, and was criticized for its simplistic story.[6][7][8]
Contents
[hide]
1 Synopsis
2 Cast
2.1 Main
2.2 Supporting
2.2.1 People around Soo-ho and Geu-rim
2.2.2 Radio station staff
2.2.3 Radio station sub-writer members
2.2.4 Others
2.3 Special appearance
3 Production
4 Soundtrack
4.1 Part 1
4.2 Part 2
4.3 Part 3
4.4 Part 4
4.5 Part 5
4.6 Part 6
5 Ratings
6 Notes
7 References
8 External links
Synopsis[edit]
Geu Rim (Kim So-hyun) has always wanted to become a radio writer. However, because she lacks the writing skills, she was always forced to be an assistant writer. When her only show faces cancellation, she must secure her place as writer. So she decides to try casting Ji Soo-ho (Yoon Doo-joon), a top star actor who’s known to have a “perfect life.”
Cast[edit]
Main[edit]
Yoon Doo-joon as Ji Soo-ho
Nam Da-reum as young Ji Soo-ho
A top actor who is accustomed to act based on scripts. He ends up becoming the DJ for a live radio show where nothing ever goes according to plan.[9]
Kim So-hyun as Song Geu-rim
Lee Re as young Song Geu-rim
The writer of Soo-ho's radio show with five-year experience as an assistant writer. She lacks of writing skills but possesses excellent planning skills.[10][11]
Yoon Park as Lee Kang
The radio station's competent producing director. Because of his perfectionism, every program he handles achieved No. 1 in listener ratings.
Yura as Jin Tae-ri
An over-the-hill actress who fell from grace due to a DUI accident that happened three years ago.[12]
Supporting[edit]
People around Soo-ho and Geu-rim[edit]
Ha Joon as Kim Jun-woo (33 years old)
Soo-ho's long-time manager who oversees the actor's every move.[13]
Kwak Dong-yeon as Jason (28 years old)
A psychiatrist who is Soo-ho's high school classmate and personal doctor.
Oh Hyun-kyung as Nam Joo-ha (51 years old)
Soo-ho's legal mother who is the CEO of JH Entertainment.
Kim Byung-se as Ji Yoon-seok (55 years old)
Soo-ho's father who is a veteran actor.
Seo Ye-seul as Jung Da-seul (23 years old)
An actress who is very popular. She is having an affair with Soo-ho's father.
Kim Ye-ryeong as Jo Ae-ran (53 years old)
Geu-rim's mother. She became blind during a surgery she had when she was 39.
Radio station staff[edit]
Kim Hye-eun as Ra Ra-hee (41 years old)
Radio program writer.
Im Ji-kyu as Lee Seung-soo (44 years old)
Radio program director.
Jo Byung-gyu as Go Hoon-jung (30 years old)
Radio assistant director.
Lee Won-jong as Kang Hee-seok (55 years old)
Radio station director.
Yoon Joo-sang as Moon Seong-woo (57 years old)
DJ of a Thirty-year old radio program.
Radio station sub-writer members[edit]
Ryu Hye-rin as "Tornado"
Shim Eun-woo as "Gamoom"
Jung Yoo-rim as "Jangma"
Others[edit]
Jung Hee-tae as Ahn Bong-seob (37 years old)
A reporter.
Choi Min-yeong as Woo Ji-Woo
Soo-Ho's friend in 12 years ago, liked Geu-Rim. Died in a car accident.
Special appearance[edit]
U-Kwon as Kang Minu (Ep. 1)
Ji Il-joo as Oh Jin-soo (Ep. 2–3)
Jung Gyu-soo as amnesia old man (Ep. 4)
Bona as DJ Jay (Ep. 5)
Production[edit]
Lead actors Yoon Doo-joon and Kim So-hyun first worked together in a 2014 advertisement. Yoon also made a cameo appearance in the 2016 TV series Hey Ghost, Let's Fight that starred Kim.[14]
The series is a joint production of Urban Works Media (producer of the Bad Guys series) and Plusis Media (a subsidiary of the Sports Seoul-Seoul Shinmun group launched in 2017) for KBS.
The first script reading of the cast was held on December 19, 2017 at KBS Annex Broadcasting Station in Yeouido, Seoul.[15]
Soundtrack[edit]
Radio Romance OST
Soundtrack album by Various artists
Genre
Soundtrack
Language
Korean
Label
CREAHUB, LOEN Entertainment[a]
Part 1[edit]
No.
Title
Lyrics
Music
Artist
Length
1. "Radio Romance"
Park Geun-chul
Runy
Jung Soo-min
Park Geun-chul
Runy
Jung Soo-min
NCT U[b] 3:39
2. "Radio Romance (Inst.)"
Park Geun-chul
Runy
Jung Soo-min
3:39
Total length: 7:18
Part 2[edit]
No.
Title
Lyrics
Music
Artist
Length
1. "The Covered Up Road (Sound Track Ver.)" (가리워진 길)
Yoo Jae-ha
Yoo Jae-ha
Nakjoon 3:21
2. "The Covered Up Road (Special Live Ver.)"
Yoo Jae-ha
Yoo Jae-ha
Nakjoon 3:23
3. "The Covered Up Road (Sound Track Ver.) (Inst.)"
Yoo Jae-ha
3:21
4. "The Covered Up Road (Special Live Ver.) (Inst.)"
Yoo Jae-ha
3:23
Total length: 13:28
Part 3[edit]
No.
Title
Lyrics
Music
Artist
Length
1. "Bygone Days" (지난 날)
Yoo Jae-ha
Yoo Jae-ha
Migyo 5:19
2. "Bygone Days (Inst.)"
Yoo Jae-ha
5:19
Total length: 10:38
Part 4[edit]
No.
Title
Lyrics
Music
Artist
Length
1. "Another Sadness" (또 하나의 슬픔)
Lee Hyun-do
Lee Hyun-do
J_ust 4:01
2. "Another Sadness (Inst.)"
Lee Hyun-do
4:01
Total length: 8:02
Part 5[edit]
No.
Title
Lyrics
Music
Artist
Length
1. "Story"
KamDongis
Seo Jae-ha
Kim Young-sung
KamDongis
Seo Jae-ha
Kim Young-sung
Lee Seok-hoon 3:44
2. "Story (Inst.)"
KamDongis
Seo Jae-ha
Kim Young-sung
3:44
Total length: 7:28
Part 6[edit]
No.
Title
Lyrics
Music
Artist
Length
1. "On The Road" (길에서)
RUNY
Park Geun-cheol
Jung Soo-min
Park Geun-cheol
Jung Soo-min
Haebin (Gugudan) 3:59
2. "On The Road (Inst.)"
Park Geun-cheol
Jung Soo-min
3:59
Total length: 7:58
Ratings[edit]
In the table below, the blue numbers represent the lowest ratings and the red numbers represent the highest ratings.
NR denotes that the drama did not rank in the top 20 daily programs on that date.
Ep.
Original broadcast date
Average audience share
TNmS[16]
AGB Nielsen[17]
Nationwide
Seoul
Nationwide
Seoul
1
January 29, 2018 6.2% (NR) 6.3% (NR) 5.5% (NR) 5.6% (NR)
2
January 30, 2018 5.2% (NR) 5.4% (NR) 5.8% (NR) 6.0% (NR)
3
February 5, 2018 6.2% (NR) 6.4% (NR) 5.2% (NR) 5.3% (NR)
4
February 6, 2018 5.5% (NR) 5.8% (NR) 5.6% (NR) 5.9% (NR)
5
February 13, 2018[c] 6.5% (17th) 6.6% (NR) 5.1% (20th) 5.0% (20th)
6
5.5% (NR) 6.2% (NR) 4.2% (NR) 4.9% (NR)
7
February 20, 2018[c] 4.8% (NR) 5.3% (NR) 3.9% (NR) 4.4% (NR)
8
4.6% (NR) 5.2% (NR) 3.4% (NR) 4.1% (NR)
9
February 26, 2018 5.1% (NR) 6.0% (NR) 3.7% (NR) 4.6% (NR)
10
February 27, 2018 4.7% (NR) 5.6% (NR) 3.4% (NR) 4.3% (NR)
11
March 5, 2018 4.4% (NR) 5.2% (NR) 4.0% (NR) 4.8% (NR)
12
March 6, 2018 4.6% (NR) 5.0% (NR) 3.5% (NR) 3.9% (NR)
13
March 12, 2018 4.1% (NR) 4.5% (NR) 2.9% (NR) 3.3% (NR)
14
March 13, 2018 4.4% (NR) 3.2% (NR)
15
March 19, 2018 4.2% (NR) 2.6% (NR) 2.7% (NR)
16
March 20, 2018 4.2% (NR) 4.6% (NR) 3.1% (NR) 3.4% (NR)
Average
5.0%
5.4%
4.1%
4.5%
Notes[edit]
Jump up ^ Relaunched and renamed as kakao M on March 23, 2018
Jump up ^ Credited as a song by NCT U, sung by members Taeil and Doyoung
^ Jump up to: a b Two episodes are aired on the same day due to the 2018 Winter Olympics.
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Park, Jin-young. "윤두준·김소현, KBS '라디오로맨스' 남녀 주연 확정..감성 멜로 [종합]". Naver (in Korean). Osen. Retrieved December 7, 2017.
Jump up ^ Kim, So-yeon. "Yoon Doo-joon confirms lead role in 'Radio Romance'". Kpop Herald. Herald Corporation. Retrieved December 7, 2017.
Jump up ^ Jang, Ah-reum. "[공식] 김소현, '라디오 로맨스'로 6개월 만에 드라마 복귀". Naver (in Korean). News1 Korea. Retrieved December 7, 2017.
Jump up ^ Jeong, Yoo-na. "[공식] '라디오 로맨스' 윤박·걸스데이 유라·곽동연, 캐스팅 확정". Naver (in Korean). Sports Chosun. Retrieved December 19, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Yoon Bak, Hajun, Kwak Dong Yeon, Yura confirmed as cast of 'Radio Romance'". KBS World. KBS World. Retrieved December 20, 2017.
Jump up ^ "[초점IS] 5%→2%…'라디오 로맨스' 이유있는 참패". JTBC.
Jump up ^ "[ME:TV] '라디오 로맨스' 연속 방송 효과無…시청률 뚝↓". Metro.
Jump up ^ "[Oh!쎈 초점] "예고된 3.1%"..'라디오 로맨스', 뻔해도 너무 뻔한 스토리". The Korea Daily.
Jump up ^ "Yoon Doo-joon to star in KBS's "Radio Romance"". Hancinema. Joy News 24. Retrieved December 7, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Kim So-hyun to Star in KBS Drama "Radio Romance"". Hancinema. Star Today. Retrieved December 7, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Kim So Hyun confirmed to co-star with Yoon Doo Joon in 'Radio Romance'". KBS World. KBS World. Retrieved December 19, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Girl's Day Yura to star in 'Radio Romance' with Kim So Hyun & Yoon Doo Joon". KBS World. KBS World. Retrieved December 19, 2017.
Jump up ^ Choi, Jeong-min. 하준, '라디오 로맨스' 출연 확정…윤두준 매니저 役 [Ha Joon, 'Radio Romance' Confirmed Appearance...Yoon Doo-joon manager]. Tenasia (in Korean). Ten Asia. Retrieved December 19, 2017.
Jump up ^ Lee, Eun-hye. "[초점Q] 윤두준X김소현, CF·드라마 카메오 넘어 '라디오 로맨스' 주연으로 재회?". Sports Q (in Korean). Sports Q. Retrieved December 7, 2017.
Jump up ^ Lee, Ji-hyun. "'라디오 로맨스' 김소현 "성인이 되고 첫 작품, 열심히 하겠다"". Naver (in Korean). Sports Chosun. Retrieved December 28, 2017.
Jump up ^ "TNMS Daily Ratings: this links to current day-select the date from drop down menu". TNMS Ratings (in Korean). Retrieved January 29, 2018.
Jump up ^ "AGB Daily Ratings: this links to current day-select the date from drop down menu". AGB Nielsen Media Research (in Korean). Retrieved November 22, 2017.
External links[edit]
Official website (in Korean)
Radio Romance at KBS World
Radio Romance at Daum (in Korean)
Radio Romance on IMDb
Radio Romance at HanCinema
KBS: Monday-Tuesday dramas
Previous program
Radio Romance
(January 29, 2018 – March 20, 2018)
Next program
Jugglers
(December 4, 2017 – January 23, 2018) The Miracle We Met
(April 2, 2018 – present)
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text:
Qaumi Taranah
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Qaumi Taranah
قومی ترانہ
English: National Anthem of Pakistan
National Anthem
National anthem of Pakistan
Lyrics
Hafeez Jullundhri, June 1952
Music
Ahmad G. Chagla, 21 August 1949
Adopted
13 August 1954
Relinquished
Present
Audio sample
Qaumi Taranah (Instrumental)
file
help
v
t
e
Ahmad G. Chagla composed the music of the National Anthem of Pakistan in 1949
Ahmed Rushdi recorded the National Anthem of Pakistan in 1954
The Qaumi Taranah (Urdu: قومی ترانہ, Qaumī Tarānah pronounced [ˈqɔː.mi ˈt̪ə.rɑː.nɑ], lit. “National Anthem”), also known as Pāk Sarzamīn (Urdu: پاک سرزمین, pronounced [ˈpɑːk ˈsər.zə.miːn], lit. “The Sacred Land”), is the national anthem of Pakistan. Its music was composed by Ahmad G. Chagla in 1949, preceding the lyrics, which were written by Hafeez Jullundhri in 1952. It was officially adopted as Pakistan's national anthem in August 1954[1] and was recorded in the same year by eleven major singers of Pakistan including Ahmad Rushdi, Kaukab Jahan, Rasheeda Begum, Najam Ara, Naseema Shaheen, Zawar Hussain, Akhtar Abbas, Ghulam Dastagir, Anwar Zaheer and Akhtar Wasi Ali.[2][3]
Contents
[hide]
1 History
2 Music
3 Lyrics
4 Milestones
5 See also
6 References
7 External links
History[edit]
In early 1948, A. R. Ghani, a Muslim from Transvaal, South Africa, offered two prizes of five thousand rupees each for the poet and composer of a new national anthem for the newly independent state of Pakistan. The prizes were announced through a government press advertisement published in June 1948. In December 1948, the Government of Pakistan established the National Anthem Committee (NAC) with the task of coming up with the composition and lyrics for the official national anthem of Pakistan. The NAC was initially chaired by the Information Secretary, Sheikh Muhammad Ikram, and its members included several politicians, poets and musicians, including Abdur Rab Nishtar, Ahmad G. Chagla and Hafeez Jullundhri.[citation needed] The NAC encountered early difficulties in finding suitable music and lyrics.
When President Sukarno of Indonesia became the first foreign head of state to visit Pakistan on 30 January 1950, there was no Pakistani national anthem to be played. In 1950, the impending state visit of the Shah of Iran added urgency to the matter and resulted in the Government of Pakistan asking the NAC to submit an anthem without further delay. The NAC Chairman, then Federal Minister for Education, Fazlur Rahman, asked several poets and composers to write lyrics but none of the submitted works were deemed suitable. The NAC also examined several different tunes and eventually selected the one presented by Ahmed G. Chagla and submitted it for formal approval.[4] On 21 August 1949, the Government of Pakistan adopted Chagla’s tune for the national anthem.[5]
The anthem, without lyrics, was performed for the first time for a foreign head of state on the state visit of the Shah of Iran to Pakistan in Karachi on 1 March 1950 by a Pakistan Navy band.
It was later played for Prime Minister Liaquat Ali Khan during his official visit to the United States on 3 May 1950. It was played before the NAC on 10 August 1950.[6] Official recognition to the national anthem, however, was not given until August 1954.[6] The NAC distributed records of the composed tune amongst prominent poets, who responded by writing and submitting several hundred songs for evaluation by the NAC. Eventually, the lyrics written by Hafeez Jullundhri were approved and the new national anthem was broadcast publicly for the first time on Radio Pakistan on 13 August 1954, sung by Hafeez Jullundhri himself. Official approval was announced by the Ministry of Information and Broadcasting on 16 August 1954. The composer, Ahmed G. Chagla, died in 1953, before the new national anthem was officially adopted. In 1955, there was a performance of the national anthem involving 11 major singers of Pakistan, including Ahmad Rushdi, Kaukab Jahan, Rasheeda Begum, Najam Ara, Naseema Shaheen, Zawar Hussain, Akhtar Abbas, Ghulam Dastagir, Anwar Zaheer and Akhtar Wasi Ali.[7]
Music[edit]
The Qaumi Taranah is a melodious and harmonious rendering of a three-stanza composition with a tune based on eastern music but arranged in such a manner that it can be easily played by foreign bands.[citation needed]
The music, composed by the Pakistani musician and composer, Ahmad G. Chagla in 1949, reflects his background in both eastern and western music. Twenty-one musical instruments[5] and thirty-eight different tones[5] are used to play the Qaumi Taranah,[8] the duration of which is 80 seconds.[1][5][9]
Lyrics[edit]
The Urdu lyrics, written by the Pakistani Urdu-language poet, Hafeez Jullundhri in 1952, have commonality with Persian, making them understandable in both languages. No verse in the three stanza lyrics is repeated.[1] The anthem has heavy Persian poetic vocabulary and only uses one exclusively Urdu word 'kā'.[10][11][12][13][14]
Urdu lyrics
كشورِ حسين شاد باد پاک سرزمین شاد باد
ارضِ پاکستان! تُو نشانِ عزمِ عالی شان
مرکزِ یقین شاد باد
قوّتِ اُخوّتِ عوام پاک سرزمین کا نظام
پائنده تابنده باد! قوم، ملک، سلطنت
شاد باد منزلِ مراد
رہبرِ ترقّی و کمال پرچمِ ستاره و ہلال
جانِ استقبال! ترجمانِ ماضی، شانِ حال
سایۂ خدائے ذوالجلال
Transliteration (ALA-LC)
Translation[15] (poetical)
Translation (literal)
Pāk sarzamīn shād bād
Kishwar-i ḥasīn shād bād
Tū nishān-i ʿazm-i ʿālī shān
Arẓ-i Pākistān!
Markaz-i yaqīn shād bād
May the holy land, stay glad;
Beautious realm, stay glad.
Thou, the sign of high resolve—
O Land of Pakistan!
Citadel of faith, stay glad.
Blessed be the sacred land,
Happy be the bounteous realm.
Thou symbol of high resolve,
O Land of Pakistan!
Blessed be the citadel of faith.
Pāk sarzamīn kā niz̤ām
Quwwat-i Ukhuwwat-i ʿawām
Qaum, mulk, salt̤anat
Pāyindah tābindah bād!
Shād bād manzil-i murād Order of the holy land,
Power of fraternity of the populace;
The nation, country, and domain;
Ever luminous remain!
The cherished goal, stay glad. The order of this sacred land,
The might of the brotherhood of the people,
May the nation, the country, and the state,
Shine in glory everlasting!
Blessed be the goal of our ambition.
Parcam-i sitārah o-hilāl
Rahbar-i taraqqī o-kamāl
Tarjumān-i māẓī, shān-i ḥāl
Jān-i istiqbāl!
Sāyah-yi Khudā-yi Ẕū l-jalāl Flag with the star and crescent,
The leader of progress and ascent,
Dragoman of past, the pride of present;
Soul of the future!
Shadow of the God of grandeur.
The flag of the crescent and star,
Leads the way to progress and perfection,
Interpreter of our past, glory of our present,
inspiration for our future!
Shade of God, the Glorious and Mighty.
Milestones[edit]
1947 – The new state of Pakistan came into being on 14 August.
1949 – Music for the Qaumi Taranah is composed by the Pakistani musical composer, Ahmad G. Chagla (running time: 80 seconds).
1952 – Verses written by the Pakistani poet, Hafeez Jullundhri, are selected from amongst 723 entries.
1954 – Officially adopted as the national anthem and broadcast for the first time on Radio Pakistan on 13 August
1955 – Sung by 11 famous Pakistani singers including Ahmad Rushdi, Shamim Bano, Kokab Jehan, Rasheeda Begum, Najam Ara, Naseema Shaheen, Zwar Hussain, Akhtar Abbas, Ghulam Dastgir, Anwar Zaheer and Akhtar Wassi
1996 – Rendered in electric guitar for the first time by Pakistani rock band Junoon in their album Inquilaab
2009 – Rendered as an acoustic instrumental for the first time by Pakistani musician Jehangir Aziz Hayat
2011 – On 14 August, 5,857 people gathered in a stadium in Karachi to sing the Qaumi Taranah and set a new world record for most people gathered to sing a national anthem simultaneously.[16]
2012 – On 20 October, 42,813 people gathered in a stadium in Lahore to sing the Qaumi Taranah and set a new world record for most people gathered to sing a national anthem simultaneously, which was certified by Guinness World Records.[17] The record was subsequently broken on 26 March 2014 in Bangladesh.[18]
2017 – The Coke Studio released a collaborative rendition of Qaumi Taranah on 4 August by the featured artistes, to celebrate the 70 years of Pakistan in the tenth season.[19][20]
2017 – An Indian A capella band Voxchord sent an independence gift to the people of Pakistan by singing Pakistan's national anthem. It was indeed a surprise for the people of Pakistan. The video was shared by 'Voice of Ram' – An Indo-Pak peace initiative page on Facebook.[21][22][23][24]
See also[edit]
Pakistan portal
Tarana-e-Pakistan
Dil Dil Pakistan
Flag of Pakistan
Radio Pakistan
State emblem of Pakistan
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b c "Information of Pakistan". Infopak.gov.pk. Archived from the original on 2007-10-26. Retrieved 2013-01-31.
Jump up ^ "Death Anniversary of Ahmed Rushdi". Duniya News. Retrieved 1 September 2016.
Jump up ^ National Anthem.http://anisshakur.tripod.com/id129.html
Jump up ^ Michael Jamieson Bristow, National-Anthems.org. "Forty National Anthems". Retrieved 2006-04-12.
^ Jump up to: a b c d Aqeel Abbas Jafari (2010). Pakistan Chronicle (in Urdu) (1st ed.). 94/1, 26th St., Ph. 6, D.H.A., Karachi, Pakistan: Wirsa Publishers. p. 42. ISBN 9789699454004.
^ Jump up to: a b "National Anthem". Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, Government of Pakistan. Archived from the original on 2007-10-26. Retrieved 2007-11-29.
Jump up ^ Mazhar Iqbal, Mazhar.dk. "Ahmad Rushdi". http://mazhar.dk/film/singers/ahmadrushdi/. Retrieved 2006-04-12.
Jump up ^ Mazhar Iqbal, Mazhar.dk. "National Anthem of Pakistan". Retrieved 2006-04-12.
Jump up ^ Information Ministry, Government of Pakistan. "Basic Facts". Retrieved 2006-04-12.
Jump up ^ [1], National Anthem of Pakistan
Jump up ^ [2], The National Anthem of Pakistan
Jump up ^ [3], Switch to Urdu from English as official language a hurdle for Pakistan
Jump up ^ [4], History cannot be falsely written and manufactured
Jump up ^ [5], Pakistan Basic Facts
Jump up ^ Pasha, Muhammad A. English Composition (Part II). Lahore: Command Publications.
Jump up ^ "Pakistan creates new anthem record". The Express Tribune. 2011-08-12. Retrieved 2012-01-01.
Jump up ^ "Pakistan reclaims anthem singing record". The News. Retrieved 2013-01-31.
Jump up ^ "Pakistan Record Broken". Guinness World Records. Retrieved 2014-03-26.
Jump up ^ Rafay Mahmood (4 July 2017). "Exclusive: Coke Studio 10's line-up will leave you starstruck". The Express Tribune. Retrieved 4 July 2017.
Jump up ^ Coke Studio (4 August 2017). "The National Anthem of Pakistan". Retrieved 4 August 2017 – via YouTube.
Jump up ^ "Indian group sings a stirring version of Pakistan's national anthem as Independence Day gift. Watch video". http://www.hindustantimes.com/. 2017-08-13. Retrieved 2017-08-15. External link in |work= (help)
Jump up ^ "Mash-up combines Pakistan and India's anthems to make a viral hit". BBC News. 2017-08-14. Retrieved 2017-08-15.
Jump up ^ "Indian A capella group sings Pakistan's national anthem on 71st Independence Day". Firstpost. 2017-08-14. Retrieved 2017-08-15.
Jump up ^ Staff, Images (2017-08-12). "Indians sing the Pakistani national anthem as a gift for our Independence Day". Images. Retrieved 2017-08-15.
External links[edit]
This article contains Urdu text. Without proper rendering support, you may see unjoined letters running left to right or other symbols instead of Urdu script.
Wikimedia Commons has media related to:
Qaumi Taranah (category)
Pak Sar Zameen Shad Bad Lyrics
Pakistan: Qaumī Tarānah – Audio of the national anthem of Pakistan, with information and lyrics
Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, Government of Pakistan. "National Anthem". Archived from the original on 2007-10-26. Retrieved 2007-12-09.
National Anthem of Pakistan
Pakistan National Songs
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Last of a Dyin' Breed
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
For the Scarface album, see The Last of a Dying Breed.
Last of a Dyin' Breed
Studio album by Lynyrd Skynyrd
Released
August 21, 2012 (2012-08-21)
Genre
Southern rock, hard rock
Length
45:01[1]
Label
Roadrunner Records/Loud and Proud Records
Producer
Bob Marlette
Lynyrd Skynyrd chronology
God & Guns
(2009)God & Guns2009 Last of a Dyin' Breed
(2012)
Professional ratings
Aggregate scores
Source
Rating
Metacritic 44/100[2]
Review scores
Source
Rating
AllMusic [3]
Boston Phoenix [4]
Ultimate Classical Rock 7/10[5]
Sputnik Music [6]
Last of a Dyin' Breed is the fourteenth studio album by American southern rock band Lynyrd Skynyrd.[7] The album was announced on May 2, 2012 for release on August 21, 2012,[7] and September 17 in the UK. It is the first Lynyrd Skynyrd album to feature Peter Keys on keyboards and Johnny Colt on bass (even though credited, the latter is not on the tracks) and also features guest guitarist John 5.[7]
The first single, "Last of a Dyin' Breed", was made available to purchase via iTunes on July 9, 2012.
Track listing[edit]
No.
Title
Writer(s)
Length
1. "Last of a Dyin' Breed" Gary Rossington, Johnny Van Zant, Rickey Medlocke, Mark Matejka, Dan Serafini, Bob Marlette 3:51
2. "One Day at a Time" Rossington, J. Van Zant, Medlocke, Marlon Young 3:46
3. "Homegrown" Rossington, J. Van Zant, Medlocke, Blair Daly 3:41
4. "Ready to Fly" Rossington, J. Van Zant, Medlocke, Audley Freed 5:26
5. "Mississippi Blood" Rossington, J. Van Zant, Medlocke, Jaren Johnston 2:57
6. "Good Teacher" J. Van Zant, Donnie Van Zant, Tom Hambridge, Daly 3:07
7. "Something to Live For" Rossington, J. Van Zant, Medlocke, John Lowery, Marlette 4:29
8. "Life's Twisted" Daly, Jon Lawhon, Chris Robertson 4:33
9. "Nothing Comes Easy" Rossington, J. Van Zant, Medlocke, Hambridge 4:13
10. "Honey Hole" Rossington, J. Van Zant, Medlocke, Hambridge 4:35
11. "Start Livin' Life Again" J. Van Zant, D. Van Zant, Marlette, Lowery 4:23
Total length: 45:01
[show]Special Edition Bonus Tracks
No.
Title
Writer(s)
Length
12. "Poor Man's Dream" Rossington, J. Van Zant, Medlocke, Lowery, Marlette 4:07
13. "Do It Up Right" Rossington, J. Van Zant, Medlocke, Hambridge 3:56
14. "Sad Song" Rossington, J. Van Zant 4:01
15. "Low Down Dirty" Rossington, J. Van Zant, Medlocke 3:14
[show]Classic Rock fanpack bonus tracks
No.
Title
Writer(s)
Length
12. "Poor Man's Dream" Rossington, J. Van Zant, Medlocke, Lowery, Marlette 4.07
13. "Do It Up Right" Rossington, J. Van Zant, Medlocke, Hambridge 3.56
14. "Skynyrd Nation" (live, fanpack Exclusive bonus track) J. Van Zant, Medlocke, Lowery, Marlette 3:20
15. "Gimme Three Steps" (live, fanpack Exclusive bonus track) Allen Collins, Ronnie Van Zant 4:58
Personnel[edit]
The main band performing on Last of a Dyin' Breed is composed of the following:[7]
Johnny Van Zant – lead vocals
Gary Rossington – guitars
Rickey Medlocke – guitars
Mark Matejka – guitars
Peter Keys – keyboards
Greg Morrow – drums
Mike Brignardello – bass
John Lowery aka "John 5" – additional guitar
Jerry Douglas – dobro
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "Last of a Dyin' Breed – Lynyrd Skynyrd". AllMusic. Retrieved 21 August 2012.
Jump up ^ "Last of a Dyin' Breed review". Metacritic. Retrieved 2012-11-19.
Jump up ^ Stephen Thomas Erlewine. "Last of a Dyin' Breed- review". Allmusic. Retrieved 2012-11-19.
Jump up ^ Reed, Ryan (12 August 2012). "Lynyrd Skynyrd album review". Boston Phoenix. Retrieved 2012-11-19.
Jump up ^ Wilkening, Matthew (23 August 2012). "Lynyrd Skynyrd, 'Last of a Dyin' Breed' – Album Review". ultimateclassicrock.com. Retrieved 2012-11-19.
Jump up ^ Beebe, Alex (2 September 2012). "Album review". Sputnik Music. Retrieved 2012-11-19.
^ Jump up to: a b c d "LYNYRD SKYNYRD To Release 'Last of a Dyin' Breed' In August". Blabbermouth.net. 2 May 2012. Archived from the original on May 9, 2012. Retrieved 9 May 2012.
[show]
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Truman Doctrine
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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US President Harry Truman
The Truman Doctrine was an American foreign policy whose stated purpose was to counter Soviet geopolitical expansion during the Cold War. It was first announced to Congress by President Harry S. Truman on March 12, 1947[1]:547-9 and further developed on July 12, 1948 when he pledged to contain threats to Greece and Turkey. Direct American military force was usually not involved, but Congress appropriated financial aid to support the economies and militaries of Greece and Turkey. More generally, the Truman Doctrine implied American support for other nations allegedly threatened by Soviet communism. The Truman Doctrine became the foundation of American foreign policy, and led, in 1949, to the formation of NATO, a military alliance that is still in effect. Historians often use Truman's speech to date the start of the Cold War.
Truman told Congress that "it must be the policy of the United States to support free people who are resisting attempted subjugation by armed minorities or by outside pressures."[2] Truman claims that because totalitarian regimes coerced free peoples, they automatically represented a threat to international peace and the national security of the United States. Truman made the plea in the midst of the Greek Civil War (1946–49). He argued that if Greece and Turkey did not receive the aid, they would inevitably fall to communism with grave consequences throughout the region. Because Turkey and Greece were historic rivals, it was considered necessary to help both equally even though the crisis in Greece was far more intense.
Critics of the policy have observed that the governments of Greece and Turkey were themselves far from democratic at this time, and neither were facing Soviet subversion in the spring of 1949. Historian Eric Foner writes that the Doctrine "set a precedent for American assistance to anticommunist regimes throughout the world, no matter how undemocratic, and for the creation of a set of global military alliances directed against the Soviet Union."[3]
For years, Britain had supported Greece, but was now near bankruptcy and was forced to radically reduce its involvement. In February 1947, Britain formally requested for the United States to take over its role in supporting the royalist Greek government.[4] The policy won the support of Republicans who controlled Congress and involved sending $400 million in American money but no military forces to the region. The effect was to end the Greek revolt, and in 1952, both Greece and Turkey joined NATO, a military alliance, to guarantee their stability.[5]
The Truman Doctrine was informally extended to become the basis of American Cold War policy throughout Europe and around the world.[6] It shifted American foreign policy toward the Soviet Union from détente (a relaxation of tension) to a policy of containment of Soviet expansion as advocated by diplomat George Kennan. It was distinguished from rollback by implicitly tolerating the previous Soviet takeovers in Eastern Europe.
Contents
[hide]
1 Turkish Straits crisis
2 Greek crisis
3 Truman's address
4 Long-term policy and metaphor
5 See also
6 References
7 Bibliography
8 External links
Turkish Straits crisis[edit]
Main article: Turkish Straits crisis
The Turkish Straits
At the conclusion of World War II, Turkey was pressured by the Soviet government to allow Russian shipping to flow freely through the Turkish Straits, which connected the Black Sea to the Mediterranean. As the Turkish government would not submit to the Soviet Union's requests, tensions arose in the region, leading to a show of naval force on the side of the Soviets. Since British assistance to Turkey had ended in 1947, the U.S. dispatched military aid to ensure that Turkey would retain chief control of the passage. Turkey received $100 million in economic and military aid and the U.S sent the aircraft carrier Franklin D. Roosevelt. The postwar period from 1946 started with a "multi-party period" and the Democratic Party government of Adnan Menderes.[7]
Greek crisis[edit]
Main articles: White Terror (Greece) and Greek Civil War
King George II of Greece (r. 1922-4, 1935-47), whose rule was opposed by a communist insurgency in the Greek Civil War
Six weeks after the Axis powers abandoned Greece in October 1944, the British helped retake Athens from the victorious National Liberation Front (EAM), controlled effectively by the Greek Communist Party (KKE). This began with a mass killing of largely unarmed EAM supporters known as the Dekemvriana on December 3.[8] The leftists attempted to retaliate, but were outgunned by the British-backed government and subjected to the White Terror.[9] With the full outbreak of civil war (1946–49), guerrilla forces controlled by the Greek Communist Party sustained a revolt against the internationally recognized Greek government which was formed after 1946 elections boycotted by the KKE. The British realized that the KKE were being directly funded by Josip Broz Tito in neighboring Yugoslavia. In line with the Churchill-Stalin "percentages agreement", the Greek communists received no help from the Soviet Union, and Yugoslavia provided them support and sanctuary against Stalin's wishes.[10] By late 1946, Britain informed the United States that due to its own weakening economy, it could no longer continue to provide military and economic support to royalist Greece.[11]
In 1946–47, the United States and the Soviet Union moved from being wartime allies to Cold War adversaries. The breakdown of Allied cooperation in Germany provided a backdrop of escalating tensions for the Truman Doctrine.[6] To Truman, the growing unrest in Greece began to look like a pincer movement against the oil-rich areas of the Middle East and the warm-water ports of the Mediterranean.[12]
George F. Kennan (1904-2005) proposed the doctrine of containment in 1946.
In February 1946, Kennan, an American diplomat in Moscow, sent his famed "Long Telegram", which predicted the Soviets would only respond to force and that the best way to handle them would be through a long-term strategy of containment, that is stopping their geographical expansion. After the British warned that they could no longer help Greece, and following Prime Minister Konstantinos Tsaldaris's visit to Washington in December 1946 to ask for American assistance,[13] the U.S. State Department formulated a plan. Aid would be given to both Greece and Turkey, to help cool the long-standing rivalry between them.
American policy makers recognized the instability of the region, fearing that if Greece was lost to communism, Turkey would not last long. Similarly, if Turkey yielded to Soviet demands, the position of Greece would be endangered.[14] A regional domino effect threat therefore guided the American decision. Greece and Turkey were strategic allies important for geographical reasons as well, for the fall of Greece would put the Soviets on a particularly dangerous flank for the Turks, and strengthen the Soviet Union's ability to cut off allied supply lines in the event of war.[15]
Truman's address[edit]
Dean Acheson (1893–1971), who helped craft Truman's doctrine, was named his secretary of state the following year.
To pass any legislation Truman needed the support of the Republicans, who controlled both houses of Congress. The chief Republican spokesman Senator Arthur H. Vandenberg strongly supported Truman and overcame the doubts of isolationists such as Senator Robert A. Taft.[16]:127 Truman laid the groundwork for his request by having key congressional leaders meet with himself, Secretary of State George Marshall, and Undersecretary of State Dean Acheson. Acheson laid out the "domino theory" in the starkest terms, comparing a communist state to a rotten apple that could spread its infection to an entire barrel. Vandenberg was impressed, and advised Truman to appear before Congress and "scare the hell out of the American people."[16]:127-8 On March 7, Acheson warned Truman that Greece could fall to the communists within weeks without outside aid.[1]:545
When a draft for Truman's address was circulated to policymakers, Marshall, Kennan, and others criticized it for containing excess "rhetoric." Truman responded that, as Vandenberg had suggested, his request would only be approved if he played up the threat.[1]:546
On March 12, 1947, Truman appeared before a joint session of Congress. In his eighteen-minute speech, he stated:
I believe it must be the policy of the United States to support free peoples who are resisting attempted subjugation by armed minorities or by outside pressures.
I believe that we must assist free peoples to work out their own destinies in their own way.
I believe that our help should be primarily through economic and financial aid which is essential to economic stability and orderly political processes.[1]:547
The reaction to Truman's speech was broadly positive, though there were dissenters. Anti-communists in both parties supported both Truman's proposed aid package and the doctrine behind it, and Collier's described it as a "popularity jackpot" for the President.[1]:548[16]:129 Influential columnist Walter Lippmann was more skeptical, noting the open-ended nature of Truman's pledge; he felt so strongly that he almost came to blows while arguing with Acheson over the doctrine.[1]:549[17]:615 Others argued that the Greek monarchy Truman proposed to defend was itself a repressive government, rather than a democracy.[17]:615
Despite these objections, the fear of the growing communist threat almost guaranteed the bill's passage.[17]:616 In May 1947, two months after Truman's request, a large majority of Congress approved $400 million in military and economic aid to Greece and Turkey.[1]:553-4[16]:129 Increased American aid helped defeat the KKE, after interim defeats for government forces from 1946 to 1948.[17]:616-17 The Truman Doctrine was the first in a series of containment moves by the United States, followed by economic restoration of Western Europe through the Marshall Plan and military containment by the creation of NATO in 1949.
Long-term policy and metaphor[edit]
The Truman Doctrine underpinned American Cold War policy in Europe and around the world. In the words of historian James T. Patterson, "The Truman Doctrine was a highly publicized commitment of a sort the administration had not previously undertaken. Its sweeping rhetoric, promising that the United States should aid all 'free people' being subjugated, set the stage for innumerable later ventures that led to globalistic commitments. It was in these ways a major step."[16]:129
The doctrine endured, historian Dennis Merill argues, because it addressed a broader cultural insecurity regarding modern life in a globalized world. It dealt with Washington's concern over communism's domino effect, it enabled a media-sensitive presentation of the doctrine that won bipartisan support, and it mobilized American economic power to modernize and stabilize unstable regions without direct military intervention. It brought nation-building activities and modernization programs to the forefront of foreign policy.[6]
The Truman Doctrine became a metaphor for emergency aid to keep a nation from communist influence. Truman used disease imagery not only to communicate a sense of impending disaster in the spread of communism but also to create a "rhetorical vision" of containing it by extending a protective shield around non-communist countries throughout the world. It echoed the "quarantine the aggressor" policy Truman's predecessor, Franklin D. Roosevelt, had sought to impose to contain German and Japanese expansion in 1937 ("quarantine" suggested the role of public health officials handling an infectious disease). The medical metaphor extended beyond the immediate aims of the Truman Doctrine in that the imagery combined with fire and flood imagery evocative of disaster provided the United States with an easy transition to direct military confrontation in later years with communist forces in Korea and Vietnam. By framing ideological differences in life or death terms, Truman was able to garner support for this communism-containing policy.[18]
See also[edit]
Problems playing this file? See media help.
Liberal internationalism
Anti-communism
Reverse course
Turkey–United States relations
Greece-United States relations
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g McCullough, David (1992). Truman. New York: Simon & Schuster.
Jump up ^ Michael Beschloss (2006). Our Documents: 100 Milestone Documents From The National Archives. Oxford University Press. pp. 194–99. ISBN 978-0-19-530959-1.
Jump up ^ Eric Foner, Give Me Liberty! An American History (2nd ed. 2008) p 892
Jump up ^ Alan Bullock, Ernest Bevin: Foreign Secretary pp 368–9; Arnold Offner, Another Such Victory: President Truman and the Cold War, 1945–2002 (2002) p 197; Denise M. Bostdorff, Proclaiming the Truman Doctrine (2008) p 51
Jump up ^ George McGhee, The U.S.-Turkish-NATO Middle East Connection: How the Truman Doctrine and Turkey's NATO Entry Contained the Soviets in the Middle East, (1990)
^ Jump up to: a b c Merrill 2006.
Jump up ^ Barın Kayaoğlu, "Strategic imperatives, Democratic rhetoric: The United States and Turkey, 1945–52." Cold War History, Aug 2009, Vol. 9(3) pp. 321–345
Jump up ^ Gerolymatos, André (2017-01-03). An International Civil War: Greece, 1943-1949. Yale University Press. pp. 100–111. ISBN 9780300180602.
Jump up ^ Gerolymatos, André (2017-01-03). An International Civil War: Greece, 1943-1949. Yale University Press. pp. 194–203. ISBN 9780300180602.
Jump up ^ Bærentzen, Lars, John O. Iatrides, and Ole Langwitz. Smith. Studies in the History of the Greek Civil War, 1945–1949. Copenhagen: Museum Tusculanum, 1987. 273-280. Google Books. Web. 28 Apr. 2010. online
Jump up ^ Bullock, Ernest Bevin: Foreign Secretary (1983) ch 8
Jump up ^ Painter 2012, p. 29: "Although circumstances differed greatly in Greece, Turkey, and Iran, U.S. officials interpreted events in all three places as part of a Soviet plan to dominate the eastern Mediterranean and the Middle East. Mention of oil was deliberately deleted from Truman's March 12, 1947, address before Congress pledging resistance to communist expansion anywhere in the world; but guarding access to oil was an important part of the Truman Doctrine. The Truman Doctrine was named after Harry S. Truman. This doctrine stated that that the United States would provide political, military and economic assistance to all democratic nations under threat from external or internal authoritarian forces."
One draft, for example, of Truman's speech spoke of the "great natural resources" of the Middle East at stake (Kolko & Kolko 1972, p. 341).
Jump up ^ Freeland, Richard M. (1970). The Truman Doctrine and the Origins of McCarthyism. Alfred A. Knopf, Inc. pp. g. 90.
Jump up ^ Spalding, Elizabeth Edwards (2006). The First Cold Warrior: Harry Truman, Containment, and the Remaking of Liberal Internationalism. The University Press of Kentucky. p. 64.
Jump up ^ McGhee, George (1990). The US-Turkish-NATO Middle East Connection: How the Truman Doctrine Contained the Soviets in the Middle East. St. Harry’s Press. pp. g. 21.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e Patterson, James T. (1996). Grand Expectations. New York: Oxford University Press.
^ Jump up to: a b c d Herring, George C. (2008). From Colony to Superpower: U.S. Foreign Relations Since 1776. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780195078220.
Jump up ^ Ivie 1999.
Bibliography[edit]
Beisner, Robert L. Dean Acheson: A Life in the Cold War (2006)
Bostdorff, Denise M. Proclaiming the Truman Doctrine: The Cold War Call to Arms (2008) excerpt and text search
Bullock, Alan. Ernest Bevin: Foreign Secretary, 1945–1951 (1983) on British roles
Edwards, Lee. "Congress and the Origins of the Cold War: The Truman Doctrine," World Affairs, Vol. 151, 1989 online edition
Frazier, Robert. "Acheson and the Formulation of the Truman Doctrine" Journal of Modern Greek Studies 1999 17(2): 229–251. ISSN 0738-1727
Frazier, Robert. "Kennan, 'Universalism,' and the Truman Doctrine," Journal of Cold War Studies, Spring 2009, Vol. 11 Issue 2, pp 3–34
Gaddis, John Lewis. "Reconsiderations: Was the Truman Doctrine a Real Turning Point?" Foreign Affairs 1974 52(2): 386–402. ISSN 0015-7120
Hinds, Lynn Boyd, and Theodore Otto Windt Jr. The Cold War as Rhetoric: The Beginnings, 1945–1950 (1991) online edition
Iatrides, John O. and Nicholas X. Rizopoulos. "The International Dimension of the Greek Civil War." World Policy Journal 2000 17(1): 87–103. ISSN 0740-2775 Fulltext: in Ebsco
Ivie, Robert L. (1999). "Fire, Flood, and Red Fever: Motivating Metaphors of Global Emergency in the Truman Doctrine Speech". Presidential Studies Quarterly. 29 (3): 570–591. doi:10.1111/j.0268-2141.2003.00050.x.
Jeffrey, Judith S. Ambiguous Commitments and Uncertain Policies: The Truman Doctrine in Greece, 1947–1952 (2000). 257 pp.
Jones, Howard. "A New Kind of War": America's Global Strategy and the Truman Doctrine in Greece (1989). 327 pp
Kayaoğlu, Barın. "Strategic imperatives, Democratic rhetoric: The United States and Turkey, 1945–52.," Cold War History, Aug 2009, Vol. 9(3). pp. 321–345
Kolko, Joyce; Kolko, Gabriel (1972). The Limits of Power: The World and United States Foreign Policy, 1945–1954. New York, NY: Harper & Row. ISBN 978-0-06-012447-2.
Leffler, Melvyn P. "Strategy, Diplomacy, and the Cold War: the United States, Turkey, and NATO, 1945–1952" Journal of American History 1985 71(4): 807–825. ISSN 0021-8723 in JSTOR
Lykogiannis, Athanasios. Britain and the Greek Economic Crisis, 1944–1947: From Liberation to the Truman Doctrine. U. of Missouri Press, 2002. 287 pp. online edition
McGhee, George. The U.S.-Turkish-NATO Middle East Connection: How the Truman Doctrine and Turkey's NATO Entry Contained the Soviets in the Middle East. (1990). 224 pp.
Merrill, Dennis (2006). "The Truman Doctrine: Containing Communism and Modernity". Presidential Studies Quarterly. 36 (1): 27–37. doi:10.1111/j.1741-5705.2006.00284.x.
Meiertöns, Heiko: The Doctrines of US Security Policy – An Evaluation under International Law (2010), ISBN 978-0-521-76648-7.
Offner, Arnold A. "'Another Such Victory': President Truman, American Foreign Policy, and the Cold War." Diplomatic History 1999 23(2): 127–155.ISSN 0145-2096
Pach Jr., Chester J. Arming the Free World: The Origins of the United States Military Assistance Program, 1945–1950, (1991) online edition
Painter, David S. (2012). "Oil and the American Century" (PDF). The Journal of American History. 99 (1): 24–39. doi:10.1093/jahist/jas073.
Pieper, Moritz A. (2012). "Containment and the Cold War: Reexaming the Doctrine of Containment as a Grand Strategy Driving US Cold War Interventions". StudentPulse.com. Retrieved 22 August 2012.
Spalding, Elizabeth Edwards. The First Cold Warrior: Harry Truman, Containment, And the Remaking of Liberal Internationalism (2006)
External links[edit]
Wikisource has original text related to this article:
Truman Doctrine
Truman Comments on Greek Politicking, 1947 Shapell Manuscript Foundation
Truman Library website with papers related to the Truman Doctrine
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Harry S. Truman
33rd President of the United States (1945–1953)
34th Vice President of the United States (1945)
U.S. Senator from Missouri (1935–1945)
Presidency
1945 inauguration
1949 inauguration
Potsdam Conference
Agreement on Europe
Declaration to Japan
Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki
Fair Deal
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Council of Economic Advisers
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