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The Windmills of Your Mind
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This article is about the song. For the album by Paul Motian, see The Windmills of Your Mind (album). For the album by Bud Shank, see Windmills of Your Mind (album).
"The Windmills of Your Mind" is a song with music by French composer Michel Legrand and English lyrics written by Americans Alan and Marilyn Bergman. The French lyrics, under the title "Les Moulins de mon cœur", were written by Eddy Marnay. The song (with the English lyrics) was introduced in the film The Thomas Crown Affair (1968),[1] and won the Academy Award for Best Original Song in the same year.[1] In 2004, "Windmills of Your Mind" was ranked 57 in AFI's 100 Years...100 Songs survey of top songs in American cinema. A remake by Sting was utilized in the 1999 remake of The Thomas Crown Affair.
Contents
[hide]
1 Composition/original recording
2 Dusty Springfield version
3 José Feliciano version
4 Other versions
4.1 In English
4.2 In French: "Les Moulins de mon cœur"
4.3 In other languages
5 References
Composition/original recording[edit]
In the original 1968 film The Thomas Crown Affair, the song is heard – sung by Noel Harrison – during opening credits; and, during the film, in a scene in which the character Thomas Crown flies a glider at the glider airport in Salem, New Hampshire: having edited the rough cut for this scene utilizing the Beatles track "Strawberry Fields Forever" producer/director Norman Jewison commissioned an original song be written for the glider scene which would reference the ambivalent feelings of Thomas Crown as he engages in a favorite pastime while experiencing the tension of preparing to commit a major robbery. Alan Bergman: "Michel [Legrand] played us [ie. Alan and Marilyn Bergman] seven or eight melodies. We listened to all of them and decided to wait until the next day to choose one. We three decided on the same one, a long baroque melody... The lyric we wrote was stream-of-consciousness. We felt that the song had to be a mind trip of some kind" – "The [eventual] title was [originally] a line at the end of a section... When we finished we said: "What do we call this? It's got to have a title. That line is kind of interesting.' So we restructured the song so that the line appeared again at the end. It came out of the body of the song. I think we were thinking, you know when you try to fall asleep at night and you can't turn your brain off and thoughts and memories tumble."[2]
Noel Harrison recorded the song after Andy Williams passed on it: according to Harrison: "It was recorded live on a huge sound stage at Paramount, with the accompanying film clips running on a giant screen and Michel blowing kisses to the orchestra."[3] Harrison took issue with the couplet "Like a tunnel that you follow to a tunnel of its own / Down a hollow to a cavern where the sun has never shone", singing the word "shone" British-style with a short vowel sound making the rhyme with "own" imperfect. Marilyn Bergman: "We said 'No, it's shone [long vowel sound].' And he said 'No, it's our language!' And we said: 'Yes, but it's our song.' So reluctantly, he sang shone [long vowel sound] and our rhyme was intact."[2] However, Harrison evidently had the last laugh; in the finally released version he sings "shone" with a short vowel. Harrison's version had a US single in the US in July 1968 soon after the premiere of the film and similarly was released in the British Isles at the time of the film's 7 February 1969 premiere in the UK and Ireland. As a result, it was a current UK release when "The Windmills of Your Mind" received an Academy Award nomination on 24 February 1969: Harrison's single debuted at #36 in the UK Top 50 dated 4 March 1969 and had risen to #15—abetted by performances by Harrison on the 27 March 1969 broadcast of TOTP and also on variety shows hosted by Rolf Harris and Scott Walker—when the song won the Academy Award on 14 April 1969, an endorsement which facilitated the Top Ten entry of Harrison's single on the UK chart dated 22 April 1969 with its chart peak of #8 effected two weeks later.[4]
"The Windmills of Your Mind" was performed on the Academy Awards ceremony broadcast of 14 April 1969 by José Feliciano; Noel Harrison would recall: "I was invited to sing it at the Academy Awards... but I was making a movie in England at the time, and the producer (who didn't like me) refused to let me go." The film which caused the scheduling conflict has been identified as Take a Girl Like You directed by Jonathan Miller.[3]
Dusty Springfield version[edit]
Jerry Wexler, president of Atlantic Records, heard "The Windmills of Your Mind" on the soundtrack of The Thomas Crown Affair and championed having Dusty Springfield record the song for her debut Atlantic album Dusty in Memphis, overcoming the singer's strong resistance; Springfield's friend and subsequent manager Vicki Wickham would allege: "Dusty always said she hated it because she couldn't identify with the words."[5] During the first sessions for the track at American Sound Studio in Memphis, problems with getting the proper chords down arose, and at Springfield's suggestion the song was arranged so the first three verses were sung in a slower tempo than the original film version.
In April 1969 the third A-side release from Dusty in Memphis was announced as "I Don't Want to Hear It Anymore" with "The Windmills of Your Mind" as B-side: however Wexler was prepared to promote "Windmills" as the A-side if it won the Oscar for Best Song, reportedly instructing mail-room clerks at Atlantic Records' New York City headquarters to listen to the Academy Awards broadcast the night of 14 April 1969; hearing "The Windmills" announced as the Best Song winner was these clerks' cue to drive a station wagon loaded with 2500 copies of a double-sided promo single of Springfield's version – identified on the label as "Academy Award Winner" – to the New York City general post office, where the copies of the single were mailed out to key radio stations across the US.[6] Although its Hot 100 debut was not effected until the 5 May 1969 issue of Billboard and then with a #99 ranking, Springfield's "The Windmills" made a rapid ascent to the Top 40 being ranked at #40 on the Hot 100 dated 24 May 1969 only to stall over the subsequent three weeks peaking at #31 on the Hot 100 dated 14 June 1969 with only one additional week of Hot 100 tenure, being ranked at #45 on the 21 June 1969 chart. On the Cash Box chart, the song rose as high as #22.[7] Local hit parades indicate that Springfield's "Windmills" had Top Ten impact in only select larger markets: Boston, Southern California, and Miami. The track did reach #3 on the Easy Listening chart in Billboard a feat matched by Springfield's third subsequent single "Brand New Me" which therefore ties with "The Windmills" as having afforded Springfield her best-ever solo showing on a Billboard chart.[8]
José Feliciano version[edit]
"The Windmills of Your Mind" was recorded by José Feliciano for his 1969 album 10 to 23,[9] and Feliciano performed the song on the Academy Awards ceremony broadcast of 14 April 1969; the song's original singer Noel Harrison would later opine of Feliciano's performance: "A wonderful musician and compelling singer, he made much too free with the beautiful melody in my humble opinion. But that's jazz."[3] It was Feliciano's version of "The Windmills" which became a hit in the Netherlands, reaching #11 on the Dutch chart in November 1969.[10] and Nr. 4 in the Turkish hit parade in April 1970.[11]
Other versions[edit]
In English[edit]
All Angels on their self-titled album (2006)[12]
Ed Ames on his album The Windmills of Your Mind (1969)[13]
Tina Arena on her album Songs Of Love & Loss (2007)[14]
The Arbors on their album The Arbors (1977)
Dorothy Ashby on her album "Dorothy's Harp" (1969) - Instrumental version -[15]
Jeri Brown on her album April in Paris (1996)[16]
Anne Clark on her maxi-single The Haunted Road (1993),[17] featuring Eyeless in Gaza: track included Clark's 1996 compilation album The Nineties A Fine Collection
Petula Clark on her album Portrait of Petula (1969),[18] featured on the soundtrack of the 2012 film Killing Them Softly
The Colourfield B-side of their 1984 single "Take"; bonus track on Japanese release of the group's album Virgins and Philistines
Ray Conniff Singers on their 1969 album Jean;[19] featured in the 2015 film Focus
Randy Crawford with David Sanborn on Sanborn's album Time and the River (2015)[20]
Vic Damone on his album Over the Rainbow (1982)[21]
John Davidson on his album My Cherie Amour (1969)[22]
Skeeter Davis on her album Mary Frances (1969)[23]
Elaine Delmar on her concert album Recital At the Festival The Golden Orpheus '71 (1971)[24]
Neil Diamond on his album The Movie Album: As Time Goes By (1998)[25]
Val Doonican on his album Rocking Chair Favourites (1972)[26]
Connie Evingson on her album Stockholm Sweetnin' (2006)[27]
Laura Fygi on her album Watch What Happens When Laura Fygi Meets Michel Legrand (1997)[28]
John Gary on his album Love of a Gentle Woman (1969)[29]
Peter Grant on his album New Vintage (2006)[30]
Rigmor Gustafsson on her album On My Way to You (2006)[31]
Jacintha on her album Jacintha Goes to Hollywood (2007)[32]
Peter Jöback on his album Storybook (2004)[33]
Jack Jones on his album Jack Jones sings Michel Legrand (1971)[34]
Eliza Keil on her album Raindrops Keep Fallin' on My Head (1970)[35]
Anita Kerr Singers on their album Velvet Voices & Bold Brass (1969)[36]
Kiki and Herb on their concert album ...Will Die for You: Live at Carnegie Hall (2004);[37] mistitled "The Windmills of My Mind"
Jason Kouchak on his album Midnight Classics (2008);[38] mistitled "The Windmills of My Mind"
The King's Singers on their 1972 self-titled album[39]
Kim Kuzma on her album Acustico II (2015)[40]
Judith Lefeber on her album In My Dreams (2003)[41]
The Lettermen on their album Greatest Movie Hits (2000)[42]
Barbara Lewis on her album The Many Grooves of Barbara Lewis (1969)[43]
Abbey Lincoln on her album Over the Years (2000)[44]
Gloria Loring on her album ...And Now We Come to Distances (1969)[45]
Carmen Lundy on her album Something to Believe In (2003)[46]
The Manhattans single (c. 1970);[47] bonus track on the 2015 CD release of the group's 1971 album With These Hands
Johnny Mathis Version #1: on his album Love Theme from 'Romeo & Juliet' (1969)[48]
Version #2: with Toots Thielemans on Thielemans' album Chez Toots (1998)[49]
Chez Toots track listing reads "Les Moulins de mon cœur (The Windmills of Your Mind)": Mathis sings only the English-language lyrics
Natalia Mateo (de) on her album Heart of Darkness (2015)[50]
Jane McDonald on her album Love at the Movies (2001)[51]
Maureen McGovern Version #1: on her album Academy Award Performance – And the Envelope, Please (1975)[52]
Version #2: on her album The Music Never Ends (1997)[53]
Eva Mendes recorded for commercial (starring Mendes) for Angel perfume[54]
Nana Mouskouri on her album Falling in Love Again: Great Songs from the Movies (1993)[55]
Alison Moyet on her album Voice (2004)[56]
Jim Nabors on his album Everything is Beautiful (1970)[57]
Jerry Nelson as a "Screaming Thing" on The Muppet Show's second season premiere (1977)
Judy Page (af) on her album Time and Love (1969)[58]
Elaine Paige on her album Cinema (1984)[59]
Parenthetical Girls on their album Entanglements (2008)[60]
Billy Paul on his album Ebony Woman (1970)[61]
Pepe & Paradise on their compilation album 70s Radio Hits (2000);[62] taped performance from Yleisradio dating from 1971 or 1972
Dianne Reeves on her album When You Know (2008)[63]
Ginette Reno on her English-language album Ginette Reno (1969)[64]
Rita Reys on her album Rita Reys Sings Michel LeGrand (1972)[65]
Jimmie Rodgers on his album The Windmills of Your Mind (1969);[66] released as a single: bubbled under Hot 100 with a #123 peak
John Rowles on his album Saying Goodbyes (1971);[67] medley: "Where Do I Begin (Love Story)"/"Windmills Of Your Mind"
Sandler and Young on their album Once More With Feeling (c. 1970)[68]
The Sandpipers on their album The Wonder of You (1969)[69]
Mathilde Santing on her compilation album Matilde Matilde (1997);[70] the track is a recording of a rehearsal of Santing's performance of the song at the 1985 Knokke Festival (nl) revival
Janet Seidel on her album Comme ci comme ça (2004);[71] the track is listed as "Windmills of Your Mind"/"Moulins de mon cœur" and includes lyrics from both the English- and French-language renderings of the song.
Dinah Shore on her album Once Upon a Summertime (1975)[72]
Sharleen Spiteri on her album The Movie Songbook (2010)[73]
Sting on the soundtrack album for The Thomas Crown Affair (1999)[74]
Barbra Streisand on her album What Matters Most (2011)[75]
Swing Out Sister on their compilation album The Best of Swing Out Sister (1996);[76] taped performance from The Jeff Graham Show on Radio Luxembourg, made in 1989: the track was included on some editions of the 1989 single release "When in the World", and is also included on the 2014 compilation The Essential Swing Out Sister
Take 6 on their album The Standard (2008)[77]
Becky Taylor on her album Shine (2003)[78]
Kiri Te Kanawa on her album Magic: Kiri sings Michel Legrand (1992)[79]
Mel Tormé on his album A Time For Us (Love Theme From 'Romeo & Juliet') (1969)[80]
Grady Tate on his album Windmills of My Mind (1968)[81]
Leslie Uggams on her album On My Way to You: Songs of Alan & Marilyn Bergman (2003)[82]
Nina van Pallandt on her album Nina Alone (1970)[83]
Vanilla Fudge on their album Rock & Roll (1969);[84] B-side of single release "Lord in the Country"
Vassilikos on his album Vintage (2009)[85]
Helena Vondráčková on her album Isle of Helena (1972)[86]
Kim Weston on her album Big Brass Four Poster (1970)[87]
Susan Wong on her album 511 (2009);[88] mistitled "The Windmills of My Mind"
Edward Woodward on his album The Edward Woodward Album (1972)[89]
In French: "Les Moulins de mon cœur"[edit]
The lyrics for the French-language rendering of "The Windmills of Your Mind" were written by Eddy Marnay and this version, entitled "Les Moulins de mon cœur", was first recorded in 1968 by Marcel Amont who was resultantly afforded a minor French chart hit (peak #49).[90]
"Les Moulins de mon coeur" has subsequently been recorded by:
Frida Boccara on her album Un jour, un enfant (1969)[91]
Richard Anthony on his album Señora la Dueña (1970)[92]
Dany Brillant on his album Histoire d'un amour (2007)[93]
Noëlle Cordier single (1969)[94]
Anne-Marie David on her concert album Live In Charleroi (2004)[95]
Natalie Dessay with Michel LeGrand on their collaborative album Entre Elle et Lui (2013)[96]
Celine Dion on her concert album Céline Dion en concert (1985); in medley "Hommage à Michel Legrand: Quand on s'aime / Brûle pas tes doigts / La Valse des lilas / Quand ça balance / Les Moulins de mon coeur"[97]
Miss Dominique on her album Une femme battante (2006)[98]
Claude François on his album Un Monde de Musique (1969)[99]
Jason Kouchak on his album Comme d'Habitude (2011)[100]
Patricia Kaas on her album "Piano Bar" (2002)[101]
Vicky Leandros single, included on her album Zoom sur Vicky (1969)[102]
Julia Migenes on her concert album Live at the Olympia (1989)[103]
Jessye Norman on her album Michel Legrand: I Was Born in Love with You (2000)[104]
Marie Denise Pelletier on her album Lesmots de Marnay (2003)[105]
Ginette Reno on her French-language album Ginette Reno (1969)[106]
Demis Roussos on his album Immortel (1995)[107]
Janet Seidel on her album Comme ci comme ça (2004);[71] the track is listed as "Windmills of Your Mind"/"Moulins de mon cœur" and includes lyrics from both the English- and French-language renderings of the song
Caterina Valente on her concert album Caterina Valente Live [London Palladium] (1975);[108] track listing reads "The Windmills of Your Mind": however it is sung completely in French
Sylvie Vartan on her album La Reine de Saba (1974);[109] the album La Reine de Saba was issued only in Japan: its tracks were all included on the 1997 box set Sylvie Vartan: Les Années RCA
Amaury Vassili on his album Canterò (2010)[110]
Vigon Bamy Jay on their album Les Soul Men (2013)[111]
Carol Welsman on her album Hold Me (2001)[112]
In other languages[edit]
In 1970 Helena Vondráčková, prior to recording "The Windmills of Your Mind" with its original English lyrics for her album Isle of Helena (1972), recorded the song as rendered in Czech: "Můžeš zůstat, můžeš jít",[113] and also Japanese: "Kaze no sasayaki".[114] Introduced on the album Ostrov Heleny Vondráčkové,[113] "Můžeš zůstat, můžeš jít" has become a signature song for Vondráčková: in 2012 when her three CD retrospective (Nejen) o lásce was issued, Vondráčková cited "Můžeš zůstat, můžeš jít" as "the song on the [anthology] dearest to [her] heart".[115] An alternate Czech rendering of "The Windmills of Your Mind": "Mlýnské kolo v srdci mém", was recorded by Hana Hegerová to serve as title cut for her 2010 album of renderings of famous French-language songs.[116]
"The Windmills of Your Mind" has also been rendered as:
"Cirkels" (Dutch): recorded by Herman van Veen (1968),[117] Marco Bakker (nl) on his album Marco Bakker zingt romantische sfeersongs (1980),[118][119] Hans Dorrestijn with Martin van Dijk (nl) for their collaborative album Cirkels (2002).[120]
"Samanlainen onni" (Finnish): recorded by Jarkko & Laura (1968), Katri Helena (1970), Kristian (fi) on the multi-artist album Trio (1970), Tapio Heinonen (fi) on his album Julian Grimau (1971), Petri Salminen (fi) on his album Tien päällä (1997), Anneli Sari (fi) on her 1999 album Les Chansons, and Marita Taavitsainen (fi) on her album Yksi Ainoa Katse (1999).[121]
"Vinden I Min Själ" (Swedish): recorded by Lill-Babs on her album Till Mina Vänner (1979),[122] Anders Ekborg on his album Äkta Vara – 11 Sångfilmer 100% Live (2006),[123] Anita Strandell (sv) on her album Sommarbaravara (2011).[124]
"Wie sich Mühlen dreh'n im Wind" (German): recorded by Vicky Leandros on her album Ich glaub' an Dich (1969),[125] Caterina Valente on her concert album Caterina Valente Live (1969),[126] Katja Ebstein on her album ''Wunder gibt es immer wieder (1970),[127] Bibi Johns (1970).[128]
"I Mulini Dei Ricordi" (Italian): recorded by Enzo Jannacci on his album Come gli aeroplani (2001).[citation needed]
"Los molinos de tu espíritu" (Spanish): recorded by German singer Katja Ebstein on her Spanish-language album En Español (1971).[129]
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Jump up ^ Communications, Karo Web. "Frida Boccara". Retrojeunesse60.com. Retrieved 9 October 2017.
Jump up ^ Communications, Karo Web. "Richard Anthony". vedettes70.retrojeunesse60.com. Retrieved 9 October 2017.
Jump up ^ "Deezer". Deezer. Retrieved 9 October 2017.
Jump up ^ Billboard vol 81 #15 (12 April 1969) p.70
Jump up ^ "Discographie_CD_Album". Anne-mariedavid.net. Retrieved 9 October 2017.
Jump up ^ "Entre Elle et Lui - Natalie Dessay, Michel Legrand - Songs, Reviews, Credits - AllMusic". AllMusic. Retrieved 9 October 2017.
Jump up ^ "celinedion.us". Celinedion.us. Retrieved 9 October 2017.
Jump up ^ "Miss Dominique on Apple Music". Apple Music. Retrieved 9 October 2017.
Jump up ^ Communications, Karo Web. "Claude François, discographie 2". Retrojeunesse60.com. Retrieved 9 October 2017.
Jump up ^ "Comme d'Habitude - Jason Kouchak". Jasonkouchak.com. 11 November 2015. Retrieved 9 October 2017.
Jump up ^ [9][dead link]
Jump up ^ Communications, Karo Web. "Vicky Leandros". Retrojeunesse60.com. Retrieved 9 October 2017.
Jump up ^ "Julia Migenes - Live at the Olympia". Compagniedudisque.com. Retrieved 9 October 2017.
Jump up ^ Edwards, Adrian (9 January 2013). "I was born in love with you". Gramophone.co.uk. Retrieved 9 October 2017.
Jump up ^ "Deezer". Deezer. Retrieved 9 October 2017.
Jump up ^ Communications, Karo Web. "Ginette Reno, page 2". Retrojeunesse60.com. Retrieved 9 October 2017.
Jump up ^ [10][dead link]
Jump up ^ "Caterina Valente live". Openworldcat.org. 9 October 1975. Retrieved 9 October 2017.
Jump up ^ "SYLVIE VARTAN / シルヴィ・バルタン / サバの女王 - diskunion.net ONLINE SHOP". ディスクユニオン通販サイト. Retrieved 9 October 2017.
Jump up ^ "Amaury Vassili : « Je sais que je suis un produit »". Leparisien.fr. 26 December 2010. Retrieved 9 October 2017.
Jump up ^ "Clip de "Can't Help Falling In Love" : Vigon Bamy Jay rend hommage au King et à Erick Bamy". chartsinfrance.net. Retrieved 9 October 2017.
Jump up ^ "Carol Welsman - Carol Welsman - Release Info - AllMusic". AllMusic. Retrieved 9 October 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b "Helena Vondráčková - Ostrov Heleny Vondráčkové". Vondrackova.cz. Retrieved 9 October 2017.
Jump up ^ "Helena Vondráčková - 風 の ささやき - Kaze no sasayaki". Vondrackova.cz. Retrieved 9 October 2017.
Jump up ^ "Helena Vondráčková: Jazz miluju už od mládí". Denik.cz. 25 October 2012. Retrieved 9 October 2017.
Jump up ^ a.s., SUPRAPHON,. "HANA HEGEROVÁ: Mlýnské kolo v srdci mém". supraphon.cz. Retrieved 9 October 2017.
Jump up ^ 40, Stichting Nederlandse Top. "Herman Van Veen - Cirkels". Top40.nl. Retrieved 9 October 2017.
Jump up ^ Chrispijn, Rob (2010). Nooit zongen vogels harder. Amsterdam: Nijgh & Van Ditmar. ISBN 978-90-388-9328-0.
Jump up ^ "Zingt romantische sfeersongs - Marco Bakker - Muziekweb". Muziekweb.nl. Retrieved 9 October 2017.
Jump up ^ Arkel, Jan Giliam van. "Cirkels". Hansdorrestijn.nl. Retrieved 9 October 2017.
Jump up ^ [11][dead link]
Jump up ^ "Lill-Babs - Till Mina Vänner listen to all release completely in mp3, download release album mp3". intunes.ru. Retrieved 9 October 2017.
Jump up ^ "Äkta vara - ANDERS EKBORG". andersekborg.nu. Retrieved 9 October 2017.
Jump up ^ "Sommarbaravara - Anita Strandell". anitastrandell.se. Retrieved 9 October 2017.
Jump up ^ "Ich glaub? an Dich - Vicky - CD-Album - 1969". Cd-lexikon.de. Retrieved 9 October 2017.
Jump up ^ "Caterina Valente – Live – Neue Revue präsentiert den großen Tournee-Mitschnitt (1969)". Allerleibuntesausdeutschland.wordpress.com. 16 November 2013. Retrieved 9 October 2017.
Jump up ^ "Wunder gibt es immer wieder - Katja Ebstein - CD-Album - 1970". Cd-lexikon.de. Retrieved 9 October 2017.
Jump up ^ "Bibi Johns official homepage". Bibijohns.de. Retrieved 9 October 2017.
Jump up ^ En Español at Discogs
[show]
v
t
e
Academy Award for Best Original Song
1934–1940
"The Continental"
Music: Con Conrad
Lyrics: Herb Magidson (1934)
"Lullaby of Broadway"
Music: Harry Warren
Lyrics: Al Dubin (1935)
"The Way You Look Tonight"
Music: Jerome Kern
Lyrics: Dorothy Fields (1936)
"Sweet Leilani"
Music and lyrics: Harry Owens (1937)
"Thanks for the Memory"
Music: Ralph Rainger
Lyrics: Leo Robin (1938)
"Over the Rainbow"
Music: Harold Arlen
Lyrics: E. Y. Harburg (1939)
"When You Wish Upon a Star"
Music: Leigh Harline
Lyrics: Ned Washington (1940)
1941–1950
"The Last Time I Saw Paris"
Music: Jerome Kern
Lyrics: Oscar Hammerstein II (1941)
"White Christmas"
Music and lyrics: Irving Berlin (1942)
"You'll Never Know"
Music: Harry Warren
Lyrics: Mack Gordon (1943)
"Swinging on a Star"
Music: Jimmy Van Heusen
Lyrics: Johnny Burke (1944)
"It Might as Well Be Spring"
Music: Richard Rodgers
Lyrics: Oscar Hammerstein II (1945)
"On the Atchison, Topeka and the Santa Fe"
Music: Harry Warren
Lyrics: Johnny Mercer (1946)
"Zip-a-Dee-Doo-Dah"
Music: Allie Wrubel
Lyrics: Ray Gilbert (1947)
"Buttons and Bows"
Music: Jay Livingston
Lyrics: Ray Evans (1948)
"Baby, It's Cold Outside"
Music and lyrics: Frank Loesser (1949)
"Mona Lisa"
Music and lyrics: Ray Evans and Jay Livingston (1950)
1951–1960
"In the Cool, Cool, Cool of the Evening"
Music: Hoagy Carmichael
Lyrics: Johnny Mercer (1951)
"High Noon (Do Not Forsake Me, Oh My Darlin')"
Music: Dimitri Tiomkin
Lyrics: Ned Washington (1952)
"Secret Love"
Music: Sammy Fain
Lyrics: Paul Francis Webster (1953)
"Three Coins in the Fountain"
Music: Jule Styne
Lyrics: Sammy Cahn (1954)
"Love Is a Many Splendored Thing"
Music: Sammy Fain
Lyrics: Paul Francis Webster (1955)
"Que Sera, Sera (Whatever Will Be, Will Be)"
Music and lyrics: Jay Livingston and Ray Evans (1956)
"All the Way"
Music: Jimmy Van Heusen
Lyrics: Sammy Cahn (1957)
"Gigi"
Music: Frederick Loewe
Lyrics: Alan Jay Lerner (1958)
"High Hopes"
Music: Jimmy Van Heusen
Lyrics: Sammy Cahn (1959)
"Never on Sunday"
Music and lyrics: Manos Hatzidakis (1960)
1961–1970
"Moon River"
Music: Henry Mancini
Lyrics: Johnny Mercer (1961)
"Days of Wine and Roses"
Music: Henry Mancini
Lyrics: Johnny Mercer (1962)
"Call Me Irresponsible"
Music: Jimmy Van Heusen
Lyrics: Sammy Cahn (1963)
"Chim Chim Cher-ee"
Music and lyrics: Richard M. Sherman and Robert B. Sherman (1964)
"The Shadow of Your Smile"
Music: Johnny Mandel
Lyrics: Paul Francis Webster (1965)
"Born Free"
Music: John Barry
Lyrics: Don Black (1966)
"Talk to the Animals"
Music and lyrics: Leslie Bricusse (1967)
"The Windmills of Your Mind"
Music: Michel Legrand
Lyrics: Alan and Marilyn Bergman (1968)
"Raindrops Keep Fallin' on My Head"
Music: Burt Bacharach
Lyrics: Hal David (1969)
"For All We Know"
Music: Fred Karlin
Lyrics: Robb Royer and Jimmy Griffin (1970)
1971–1980
"Theme from Shaft"
Music and lyrics: Isaac Hayes (1971)
"The Morning After"
Music and lyrics: Al Kasha and Joel Hirschhorn (1972)
"The Way We Were"
Music: Marvin Hamlisch
Lyrics: Alan and Marilyn Bergman (1973)
"We May Never Love Like This Again"
Music and lyrics: Al Kasha and Joel Hirschhorn (1974)
"I'm Easy"
Music and lyrics: Keith Carradine (1975)
"Evergreen (Love Theme from A Star Is Born)"
Music: Barbra Streisand
Lyrics: Paul Williams (1976)
"You Light Up My Life"
Music and lyrics: Joseph Brooks (1977)
"Last Dance"
Music and lyrics: Paul Jabara (1978)
"It Goes Like It Goes"
Music: David Shire
Lyrics: Norman Gimbel (1979)
"Fame"
Music: Michael Gore
Lyrics: Dean Pitchford (1980)
1981–1990
"Arthur's Theme (Best That You Can Do)"
Music and lyrics: Burt Bacharach, Carole Bayer Sager, Christopher Cross and Peter Allen (1981)
"Up Where We Belong"
Music: Jack Nitzsche and Buffy Sainte-Marie
Lyrics: Will Jennings (1982)
"Flashdance... What a Feeling"
Music: Giorgio Moroder
Lyrics: Keith Forsey and Irene Cara (1983)
"I Just Called to Say I Love You"
Music and lyrics: Stevie Wonder (1984)
"Say You, Say Me"
Music and lyrics: Lionel Richie (1985)
"Take My Breath Away"
Music: Giorgio Moroder
Lyrics: Tom Whitlock (1986)
"(I've Had) The Time of My Life"
Music: Franke Previte, John DeNicola and Donald Markowitz
Lyrics: Franke Previte (1987)
"Let the River Run"
Music and lyrics: Carly Simon (1988)
"Under the Sea"
Music: Alan Menken
Lyrics: Howard Ashman (1989)
"Sooner or Later (I Always Get My Man)"
Music and lyrics: Stephen Sondheim (1990)
1991–2000
"Beauty and the Beast"
Music: Alan Menken
Lyrics: Howard Ashman (1991)
"A Whole New World"
Music: Alan Menken
Lyrics: Tim Rice (1992)
"Streets of Philadelphia"
Music and lyrics: Bruce Springsteen (1993)
"Can You Feel the Love Tonight"
Music: Elton John
Lyrics: Tim Rice (1994)
"Colors of the Wind"
Music: Alan Menken
Lyrics: Stephen Schwartz (1995)
"You Must Love Me"
Music: Andrew Lloyd Webber
Lyrics: Tim Rice (1996)
"My Heart Will Go On"
Music: James Horner
Lyrics: Will Jennings (1997)
"When You Believe"
Music and lyrics: Stephen Schwartz (1998)
"You'll Be in My Heart"
Music and lyrics: Phil Collins (1999)
"Things Have Changed"
Music and lyrics: Bob Dylan (2000)
2001–2010
"If I Didn't Have You (Disney song)"
Music and lyrics: Randy Newman (2001)
"Lose Yourself"
Music: Eminem, Jeff Bass and Luis Resto
Lyrics: Eminem (2002)
"Into the West"
Music and lyrics: Fran Walsh, Howard Shore and Annie Lennox (2003)
"Al otro lado del río"
Music and lyrics: Jorge Drexler (2004)
"It's Hard out Here for a Pimp"
Music and lyrics: Juicy J, Frayser Boy and DJ Paul (2005)
"I Need to Wake Up"
Music and lyrics: Melissa Etheridge (2006)
"Falling Slowly"
Music and lyrics: Glen Hansard and Markéta Irglová (2007)
"Jai Ho"
Music: A. R. Rahman
Lyrics: Gulzar (2008)
"The Weary Kind"
Music and lyrics: Ryan Bingham and T Bone Burnett (2009)
"We Belong Together"
Music and lyrics: Randy Newman (2010)
2011–present
"Man or Muppet"
Music and lyrics: Bret McKenzie (2011)
"Skyfall"
Music and lyrics: Adele Adkins and Paul Epworth (2012)
"Let It Go"
Music and lyrics: Kristen Anderson-Lopez and Robert Lopez (2013)
"Glory"
Music and lyrics: John Stephens and Lonnie Lynn (2014)
"Writing's on the Wall"
Music and lyrics: James Napier and Sam Smith (2015)
"City of Stars"
Music: Justin Hurwitz
Lyrics: Benj Pasek and Justin Paul (2016)
"Remember Me"
Music and lyrics: Kristen Anderson-Lopez and Robert Lopez (2017)
[show]
v
t
e
Golden Globe Award for Best Original Song
1960s
"Town Without Pity" Lyrics by Ned Washington, Music by Dimitri Tiomkin (1961)
"Circus World" Lyrics by Ned Washington, Music by Dimitri Tiomkin (1964)
"Forget Domani" Lyrics by Norman Newell, Music by Riz Ortolani (1965)
"Strangers in the Night" Lyrics by Charles Singleton, Eddie Snyder, Music by Bert Kaempfert (1966)
"If Ever I Would Leave You" Lyrics by Alan Jay Lerner, Music by Frederick Loewe (1967)
"The Windmills of Your Mind" Lyrics by Alan and Marilyn Bergman, Music by Michel Legrand (1968)
"Jean" Music & Lyrics by Rod McKuen (1969)
1970s
"Whistling Away the Dark" Lyrics by Johnny Mercer, Music by Henry Mancini (1970)
"Life Is What You Make It" Lyrics by Johnny Mercer, Music by Marvin Hamlisch (1971)
"Ben" Lyrics by Don Black, Music by Walter Scharf (1972)
"The Way We Were" Lyrics by Alan and Marilyn Bergman, Music by Marvin Hamlisch (1973)
"I Feel Love" Lyrics by Betty Box, Music by Euel Box (1974)
"I'm Easy" Music & Lyrics by Keith Carradine (1975)
"Evergreen" Lyrics by Paul Williams, Music by Barbra Streisand (1976)
"You Light Up My Life" Music & Lyrics by Joseph Brooks (1977)
"Last Dance" Music & Lyrics by Paul Jabara (1978)
"The Rose" Music & Lyrics by Amanda McBroom (1979)
1980s
"Fame" Lyrics by Dean Pitchford, Music by Michael Gore (1980)
"Arthur's Theme (Best That You Can Do)" Music & Lyrics by Peter Allen, Burt Bacharach, Christopher Cross, & Carole Bayer Sager (1981)
"Up Where We Belong" Lyrics by Wilbur Jennings, Music by Jack Nitzsche & Buffy Sainte-Marie (1982)
"Flashdance... What a Feeling" Lyrics by Irene Cara, Keith Forsey, Music by Giorgio Moroder (1983)
"I Just Called to Say I Love You" Music & Lyrics by Stevie Wonder (1984)
"Say You, Say Me" Music & Lyrics by Lionel Richie (1985)
"Take My Breath Away" Lyrics by Tom Whitlock, Music by Giorgio Moroder (1986)
"(I've Had) The Time of My Life" Lyrics by Franke Previte, Music by John DeNicola & Donald Markowitz (1987)
"Let the River Run" Music & Lyrics by Carly Simon/"Two Hearts" Lyrics by Phil Collins, Music by Lamont Dozier (1988)
"Under the Sea" Lyrics by Howard Ashman, Music by Alan Menken (1989)
1990s
"Blaze of Glory" Music & Lyrics by Jon Bon Jovi (1990)
"Beauty and the Beast" Lyrics by Howard Ashman, Music by Alan Menken (1991)
"A Whole New World" Lyrics by Tim Rice, Music by Alan Menken (1992)
"Streets of Philadelphia" Music & Lyrics by Bruce Springsteen (1993)
"Can You Feel the Love Tonight" Lyrics by Tim Rice, Music by Elton John (1994)
"Colors of the Wind" Lyrics by Stephen Schwartz, Music by Alan Menken (1995)
"You Must Love Me" Lyrics by Tim Rice, Music by Andrew Lloyd Webber (1996)
"My Heart Will Go On" Lyrics by Wilbur Jennings, Music by James Horner (1997)
"The Prayer" Music & Lyrics by David Foster, Tony Renis, Carole Bayer Sager, Alberto Testa (1998)
"You'll Be in My Heart" Music & Lyrics by Phil Collins (1999)
2000s
"Things Have Changed" Music and lyrics by Bob Dylan (2000)
"Until..." Music and lyrics by Sting (2001)
"The Hands That Built America" Music and lyrics by Bono, Adam Clayton, The Edge & Larry Mullen Jr. (2002)
"Into the West" Music and lyrics by Annie Lennox, Howard Shore & Frances Walsh (2003)
"Old Habits Die Hard" Music and lyrics by Mick Jagger & David A. Stewart (2004)
"A Love That Will Never Grow Old" Lyrics by Bernie Taupin, Music by Gustavo Santaolalla (2005)
"The Song of the Heart" Music and lyrics by Prince Rogers Nelson (2006)
"Guaranteed" Music and lyrics by Eddie Vedder (2007)
"The Wrestler" Music and lyrics by Bruce Springsteen (2008)
"The Weary Kind" Music and lyrics by Ryan Bingham & T Bone Burnett (2009)
2010s
"You Haven't Seen the Last of Me" Music & Lyrics by Diane Warren (2010)
"Masterpiece" Music & Lyrics by Madonna, Julie Frost and Jimmy Harry (2011)
"Skyfall" by Adele Adkins and Paul Epworth (2012)
"Ordinary Love" by U2 and Danger Mouse (2013)
"Glory" by Common and John Legend (2014)
"Writing's on the Wall" by Sam Smith and Jimmy Napes (2015)
"City of Stars" by Justin Hurwitz, Benj Pasek and Justin Paul (2016)
"This Is Me" by Benj Pasek and Justin Paul (2017)
Complete List
(1960s)
(1970s)
(1980s)
(1990s)
(2000s)
(2010s)
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The_Windmills_of_Your_Mind&oldid=838212559"
Categories:
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Best Original Song Academy Award-winning songs
Songs with music by Michel Legrand
Songs with lyrics by Alan Bergman
Songs with lyrics by Marilyn Bergman
Dusty Springfield songs
1960s ballads
Hidden categories:
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Special economic zone
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
"SEZ" redirects here. For the airport, see Seychelles International Airport.
Not to be confused with Exclusive economic zone.
This article needs attention from an expert on the subject. Please add a reason or a talk parameter to this template to explain the issue with the article.
When placing this tag, consider associating this request with a WikiProject.
It has been suggested that Free trade zone and Free economic zone be merged into this article. (Discuss) Proposed since April 2016.
A special economic zone (SEZ) is an area in which business and trade laws are different from rest of the country. SEZs are located within a country's national borders, and their aims include: increased trade, increased investment, job creation and effective administration. To encourage businesses to set up in the zone, financial policies are introduced. These policies typically regard investing, taxation, trading, quotas, customs and labour regulations. Additionally, companies may be offered tax holidays, where upon establishing in a zone they are granted a period of lower taxation.
The creation of special economic zones by the host country may be motivated by the desire to attract foreign direct investment (FDI).[1][2] The benefits a company gains by being in a special economic zone may mean that it can produce and trade goods at a lower price, aimed at being globally competitive.[1][3] In some countries the zones have been criticized for being little more than labor camps, with workers denied fundamental labor rights.[4][5]
Contents
[hide]
1 Definition
2 History
3 Types
4 Special economic zones by country
5 See also
6 References
7 Further reading
8 External links
Definition[edit]
The operating definition of a SEZ is to determine individually by each country. According to the World Bank in 2008, the modern day special economic zone typically includes a "geographically limited area, usually physically secured (fenced-in); single management/administration; eligibility for benefits based upon physical location within the zone; separate customs area (duty-free benefits) and streamlined procedures."special economic zone are those industrial zone which have been set up by government of India to attract foreign companies to invest in the country.[6]
History[edit]
Free zones and Entrepôts have been used for centuries to guarantee free storage and exchange along trade routes.[citation needed]
Modern SEZs appeared from late 1950s in industrial countries. The first was in Shannon Airport in Clare, Ireland.[7] From the 1970s onward, zones providing labor-intensive manufacturing have been established, starting in Latin America and East Asia. The first in China following the opening of China in 1979 by Deng Xiaoping was the Shenzhen Special Economic Zone, which encouraged foreign investment and simultaneously accelerated industrialization in this region. These zones attracted investment from multinational corporations.[1]
A recent trend has been for African countries to set up SEZs in partnership with China.[2]
Types[edit]
The term special economic zone can include:[1][8]
Free trade zones (FTZ)
Export processing zones (EPZ)
Free zones/ Free economic zones (FZ/ FEZ)
Industrial parks/ industrial estates (IE)
Free ports
Bonded logistics parks (BLP)
Urban enterprise zones
The World Bank created the following table to clarify distinctions between types of special economic zones:
Type [6]
Objective
Size
Typical Location
Typical Activities
Markets
FTZ Support trade <50 hectares Port of entry Entrepôts and trade related Domestic, re-export
EPZ (traditional) Export manufacturing <100 hectares None Manufacturing, processing Mostly export
EPZ (single Unit/free enterprise) Export manufacturing No minimum Countrywide Manufacturing, processing Mostly export
EPZ (hybrid) Export manufacturing <100 hectares None Manufacturing, processing Export, domestic
Free port/SEZ Integrated development >1000 hectares None Multi-use Internal, domestic, export
Urban enterprise zone Urban revitalization <50 hectares Urban/rural Multi-use Domestic
Special economic zones by country[edit]
Main article: List of special economic zones
This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (May 2016)
See also[edit]
Exclusive economic zone - sea zones
Urban Enterprise Zone
Four Asian Tigers
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b c d "Special Economic Zones Progress, Emerging Challenges, and Future Directions" (PDF). Washington DC: The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/The World Bank. 2011. Retrieved 25 May 2014.
^ Jump up to: a b Woolfrey, Sean (2013). "Special economic zones and regional integration in Africa" (PDF). Trade Law Center. Retrieved 25 May 2014.
Jump up ^ "Goldman Sachs says reforms to create 110 mn jobs for economy in 10 yrs". Business Today. March 29, 2014.
Jump up ^ Watson, Peggy (July 23, 2012). "Sackings expose the harsh reality of Poland's junk jobs". The Guardian.
Jump up ^ Młodawska, Agata (March 8, 2012). "Maciejewska: Kobiety w strefie pracowniczego bezprawia". Nowe Peryferie.
^ Jump up to: a b "Zone Definition", Special Economic Zone: Performance, Lessons Learned, and Implication for Zone Development, Washington DC: World Bank, 2008, pp. 9–11
Jump up ^ "Political priority, economic gamble". The Economist. April 4, 2015
Jump up ^ Economic Zones in the ASEAN (PDF), United Nations Industrial Development Organization, 2015, p. 26
Further reading[edit]
Chee Kian Leong, (2007) A Tale of Two Countries: Openness and Growth in China and India, Dynamics, Economic Growth, and International Trade, DEGIT Conference Paper pdf
Chee Kian Leong, (forthcoming) Special economic zones and growth in China and India: an empirical investigation, International Economics and Economic Policy. link
Thomas Farole, (2011) Special Economic Zones in Africa: Comparing Performance and Learning from Global Experiences, Washington, DC, World Bank
External links[edit]
Шмонов Н.Н. «Историческое исследование проблем развития особых экономических зон»
Bangladesh Export Processing Zone Authority BEPZA
South Kazakhstan "Ontustyk" special economic zone
Indian Special Economic Zones
Export Processing Zones Authority Pakistan
PEZA Philippines website
India Special Economic zones map
Open Joint Stock Company "Special Economic Zones" (Russia)
U.S.S.R. Special Economic Zones
India: Citizens group demand moratorium on SEZs OneWorld South Asia
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text:
List of battles between Scotland and England
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The Kingdom of England and the Kingdom of Scotland fought dozens of battles with each other. They fought typically over land, particularly Berwick-Upon-Tweed, and the Anglo-Scottish border frequently changed as a result. Prior to the establishment of the two kingdoms, in the 10th and 9th centuries, their predecessors, the Northumbrians and the Picts or Dal Riatans, also fought a number of battles. Major conflicts between the two parties include the Wars of Scottish Independence (1296–1357), and the Rough Wooing (1544–1551), as well as numerous smaller campaigns and individual confrontations. In 1603, England and Scotland were joined in a "personal union" when King James VI of Scotland succeeded to the throne of England as King James I. War between the two states largely ceased, although the Wars of the Three Kingdoms in the 17th century, and the Jacobite Risings of the 18th century, are sometimes characterised as Anglo-Scottish conflicts, despite really being British civil wars.
This list is arranged in chronological order.
Contents
[hide]
1 Battles between Northumbria and the Picts/Dal Riatans
2 Early battles between England and Scotland
3 First War of Scottish Independence
4 Second War of Scottish Independence
5 Border Wars
6 Anglo-Scottish wars
7 Rough Wooing
8 Border skirmishes
9 External links
Battles between Northumbria and the Picts/Dal Riatans[edit]
Date
Name
Notes
596 Battle of Raith Angles defeated an alliance of Scots, Britons and Picts under King Áedán mac Gabráin of Dál Riata
671 Battle of Two Rivers Ecgfrith of the Northumbrians defeated the Picts
685 Battle of Dunnichen King Bridei Mac Bili defeats the Northhumbrians. Ending Northumbrian hegemony in northern Britain
Early battles between England and Scotland[edit]
Date
Name
Notes
937 Battle of Brunanburh Anglo-Saxon victory over the combined armies of the kingdoms of Scotland, Dublin and Strathclyde.
1016/1018 Battle of Carham Victory for Malcolm II over Huctred, son of Waldef. Believed to have won Lothian for Scotland.
1093 Battle of Alnwick While besieging Alnwick Malcolm III was killed by knights led by Robert de Mowbray and his army fled.
1138 Battle of Clitheroe English army was routed by William fitz Duncan
1138 Battle of the Standard David I routed by an army led by William of Aumale. Also known as the Battle of Northallerton.
1174 Battle of Alnwick William I of Scotland was captured by a small English force led by Ranulf de Glanvill.
First War of Scottish Independence[edit]
Main article: First War of Scottish Independence
Date
Name
Notes
1296 Capture of Berwick English under Robert de Clifford take Berwick-upon-Tweed.
1296 Battle of Dunbar John de Warenne defeats John Balliol, paving the way for most of Scotland to fall to Edward I.
1297 Raid of Scone William Wallace joined forces with William Douglas the Hardy and led a successful raid on Scone.
1297 Battle of Stirling Bridge William Wallace defeated the English forces of John de Warenne and Hugh de Cressingham near Stirling on the River Forth.
1298 Battle of Falkirk Led by Edward I the English army defeated the Scots led by William Wallace. Shortly after the battle Wallace resigned as Guardian of Scotland
1303 Battle of Roslin A Scottish force under John III Comyn defeated the English under Sir John Segrave in a series of encounters.
1304 Action at Happrew William Wallace and Sir Simon Fraser were defeated by an army of English knights led by Sir John Segrave.
1304 Siege of Stirling Castle The English under Edward I capture Stirling Castle
1304 Action at Earnside Details are scarce, although it is last action known to be fought by William Wallace.
1306 Battle of Methven Robert the Bruce routed at Methven by Aymer de Valence
1307 Battle of Glen Trool Robert the Bruce drives back an English raiding party in a minor skirmish.
1307 Battle of Loudoun Hill Robert the Bruce's first major victory over the English
Siege of Roxburgh Castle (1314)
Battle of Bannockburn (1314)
Battle of Connor (1315)
Siege of Carlisle (1315)
Battle of Kells (1315)
Battle of Skaithmuir (1316)
Battle of Skerries (1316)
Battle of Faughart (1318)
Capture of Berwick (1318)
Battle of Myton (1319)
Battle of Boroughbridge (1322)
Battle of Old Byland (1322)
Battle of Stanhope Park (1327)
Second War of Scottish Independence[edit]
Main article: Second War of Scottish Independence
Battle of Wester Kinghorn (1332)
Battle of Dupplin Moor (1332)
Battle of Annan (1332)
Battle of Dornock (1333)
Battle of Halidon Hill (1333)
Battle of Boroughmuir (1335)
Battle of Culblean (1335)
Battle of Neville's Cross (1346)
Battle of Nesbit Moor (1355)
Border Wars[edit]
Battle of Duns (1372)
Battle of Otterburn (1388)
Battle of Nesbit Moor (1402)
Battle of Humbleton Hill (1402)
Battle of Yeavering (1415)
Battle of Piperdean (1436)
Battle of Sark (1448)
Anglo-Scottish wars[edit]
Main article: Anglo-Scottish Wars
Capture of Roxburgh (1460)
Capture of Berwick (1482)
Battle of Lochmaben Fair (1484)
Battle of Flodden (1513)
Battle of Hornshole (1514)
Battle of Haddon Rig (1542)
Battle of Solway Moss (1542)
Rough Wooing[edit]
Main article: The Rough Wooing
Burning of Edinburgh (1544)
Battle of Ancrum Moor (1545)
Battle of Pinkie Cleugh (1547)
Broughty Castle (1547–1550)
Sieges of Haddington (1548–1549)
Border skirmishes[edit]
Main article: Border reivers
Raid of the Redeswire (1575)
External links[edit]
Timeline of Scottish Battles in History
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_battles_between_Scotland_and_England&oldid=818860358"
Categories:
Battles involving Scotland
Battles involving England
Lists of battles
Scottish history-related lists
English history-related lists
Battles between England and Scotland
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This page was last edited on 6 January 2018, at 01:02.
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