text:
Puente Hills Mall
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Puente Hills Mall
South Exterior
Location
Industry, California
Opening date
1974
Developer
The Hahn Company
Owner
Kam Sang Company
No. of stores and services
155
No. of anchor tenants
7[1]
Total retail floor area
1.1 million square feet[2]
No. of floors
2 (3 for Macy's)
Puente Hills Mall, located in the City of Industry, California, United States, is a major regional shopping center in the San Gabriel Valley region of Los Angeles County. It is most famous for serving as the filming site for the Twin Pines/Lone Pine Mall for the 1985 movie Back to the Future starring Michael J. Fox and Christopher Lloyd.
Contents
[hide]
1 History
2 Back to the Future
3 Nobel Son
4 References
5 External links
History[edit]
Puente Hills Mall was built in 1974 after the completion of the Pomona Freeway a few years earlier. It opened with four primary anchors in a cross-shaped design by The Hahn Company. One of the mall's original tenants was the first Foot Locker store and that store still stands there today.[3]
Two anchors departed in 1996, The Broadway (at the time purchased by Macy's) and JCPenney. At the time of JCPenney's departure, the mall had about a 50% occupancy.[4] The mall was extensively renovated afterwards and now features a 20-screen AMC Theatres megaplex, and stores traditionally found in power centers such as 24 Hour Fitness and Burlington Coat Factory, in addition to the remaining two original anchors, Macy's (formerly Robinsons-May) and Sears. Linens 'n Things, which had an anchor in the store, closed its Puente Hills store in 2008 as a nationwide effort to take the company's operations online. On August 28, 2010, the Japanese sports entertainment chain Round1 opened Round1 Bowling & Amusement, a state-of-the-art video game arcade and bowling alley with karaoke rooms, as a new anchor to Puente Hills Mall, marking the Japanese company's first store overseas, taking Linens 'n Things' old anchor.
It also includes popular stores such as Forever 21, Hollister, Old Navy, Hot Topic, Zumiez, Aéropostale and G by Guess. The newest addition to the mall, Toys R Us, opened its doors in June 2011, replacing Circuit City. However, Toys R Us is closing all locations in efforts to close the company. This Toys R Us was previously located in the Plaza at Puente Hills on Gale Avenue in Industry.[5]
Today the mall is almost fully occupied and is the regional hub of a shopping and entertainment district that includes restaurants, auto dealerships, big-box stores, and a go-kart track.
The center of the mall previously featured a large cubed water fountain, then a merry-go-round attraction built in 1990, but it was later removed by the mall's owners, Krausz Companies, as they were losing money in its operation. An East Asian-style koi pond replaced the carousel, but was removed as of 2006. The koi were moved to Sycamore Lake at Rose Hills Memorial Park in Whittier. The mall underwent a full interior makeover in 2007, shortly after the removal of the koi pond.
Due to the large and influential Asian immigrant populations residing and/or operating businesses in nearby areas (notably in Industry, Hacienda Heights, Rowland Heights, Walnut, and Diamond Bar), past owners of the mall redesigned some elements of Puente Hills Mall in order to conform to feng shui principles.[6] There are also outlets of the Filipino chain restaurants Max's of Manila, designed to attract the large Filipino-American population in the Rowland Heights, Walnut, and West Covina areas. Jolibee and Chow's King outlets have since closed. Puente Hills Mall also caters to a large Latino population that primarily reside in the La Puente, El Monte, Hacienda Heights, Rowland Heights, and West Covina areas.
Back to the Future[edit]
Puente Hills Mall served as a filming location for the fictional Twin Pines Mall (later Lone Pine Mall) in the 1985 film Back to the Future. In the film, Doc Brown (Christopher Lloyd) uses the mall's south parking lot (visible in the above photograph) to stage his time travel experiments with the DeLorean time machine. A JCPenney store and Robinson's features prominently in the background. A Ross Dress For Less store can be seen in a strip mall across the street. The scenes were filmed in January 1985. According to the DVD audio commentary, screenplay writer Bob Gale says that several fans gathered at the Puente Hills Mall in the early hours of October 26, 1985, the date given in the film as the present day, to see if anything would happen.
Puente Hills Mall featured replicas of the Twin Pines Mall sign, the time machine, and Dr. E. Brown Enterprises truck in its parking lot in October 2015[7].
Nobel Son[edit]
Nobel Son, a 2007 American comedy featuring Alan Rickman, Mary Steenburgen (who was coincidentally in Back to the Future Part III), Bryan Greenberg and Danny DeVito was filmed at Puente Hills Mall in 2005.[citation needed]
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "Puente Hills Mall" (PDF). glimcher.com. Archived from the original (PDF) on October 30, 2014. Retrieved December 22, 2017.
Jump up ^ "PUENTE HILLS MALL". www.glimcher.com. Archived from the original on November 25, 2014. Retrieved December 22, 2017.
Jump up ^ "The Evolution of Foot Locker Stores Over 40 Years". solecollector.com.
Jump up ^ Fickes, Michael (January 1, 1998). "The Puente Hills Comeback". Retail Traffic.
Jump up ^ https://www.sgvtribune.com/2018/01/24/toys-r-us-casualties-include-west-covina-and-puente-hills-stores/
Jump up ^ Belgum, Deborah (2002-01-21), "Colima Road: Neighborhood puts Cultural Face on Firms. (Chinese Prosperity – L.A.'s Growth Market)", Los Angeles Business Journal
Jump up ^ Jensen, Danny. "Photos: 'Back To The Future' Fans Swarm The 'Twin Pines Mall'". laist. Archived from the original on November 5, 2017. Retrieved December 9, 2017.
External links[edit]
Official Puente Hills Website
[show]
v
t
e
Industry, California
Education
Primary and secondary schools
Hacienda La Puente Unified School District
Workman High School
Bassett Unified School District
Rowland Unified School District
Other
Landmarks
Industry Hills Expo Center
Puente Hills Mall
Workman and Temple Family Homestead Museum
This list is incomplete.
[show]
v
t
e
Shopping malls in California
[show]
Northern California
Alameda
Bay Street Emeryville
Bayfair Center
Eastmont Town Center
Fremont Hub
NewPark Mall
Oakland City Center
Pacific Commons
Rockridge Market Hall
Skywest Commons
Southland Mall
Stoneridge Shopping Center
Union Landing Shopping Center
Westgate Center
Contra Costa
Abella Center
Broadway Plaza
El Cerrito Plaza
Macdonald 80 Shopping Center
Pacific East Mall
Somersville Towne Center
Sunvalley Shopping Center
The Shops at Hilltop
Willows Shopping Center
Fresno
Fashion Fair Mall
River Park
Marin
Mall at Northgate
Town Center at Corte Madera
Village at Corte Madera
Monterey
Del Monte Center
Northridge Mall
Sacramento
Arden Fair Mall
Downtown Commons
Florin Mall
Florin Towne Centre
Sunrise Mall
San Francisco
Metreon
Stonestown Galleria
Union Square
Union Street Stores
Westfield San Francisco Centre
San Mateo
Hillsdale Shopping Center
Serramonte Center
Shops at Tanforan
Westlake Shopping Center
San Joaquin
Sherwood Mall
Weberstown Mall
West Valley Mall
Santa Clara
Eastridge
Great Mall of the Bay Area
Mayfield Mall
PruneYard Shopping Center
San Antonio Shopping Center
Santana Row
Stanford Shopping Center
Sunnyvale Town Center
Vallco Shopping Mall
Westfield Oakridge
Westfield Valley Fair
Westgate Mall
Sonoma
Coddingtown Mall
Montgomery Village
Santa Rosa Plaza
Elsewhere
Bayshore Mall
Capitola Mall
Chico Mall
Solano Town Center
Vintage Faire Mall
Visalia Mall
Westfield Galleria at Roseville
Yuba Sutter Mall
[show]
Southern California
Los Angeles
Los Angeles
proper
Baldwin Hills Crenshaw Plaza
Beverly Center
Brentwood Country Mart
El Mercado de Los Angeles
Farmers Market
FIGat7th
Grove at Farmers Market
Hollywood and Highland Center
Promenade at Howard Hughes Center
West Hollywood Gateway Project
Westfield Century City
Westside Pavilion
San Fernando
Valley
Americana at Brand
Burbank Town Center
Crossroads of the World
Commons at Calabasas
Fallbrook Center
Glendale Galleria
Northridge Fashion Center
Sherman Oaks Galleria
Universal CityWalk
Westfield Fashion Square
Westfield Promenade
Westfield Topanga
Elsewhere
Antelope Valley Mall
Cerritos Towne Center
Del Amo Fashion Center
Eastland Center
Edgemar
Fisherman's Village
Hawthorne Plaza Shopping Center
Lakewood Center
Long Beach Plaza
Los Cerritos Center
Malibu Country Mart
Old Pasadena
Paseo Colorado
Plaza México
Plaza West Covina
Puente Hills Mall
Quad at Whittier
Santa Monica Place
Shops at Montebello
South Bay Galleria
SouthBay Pavilion
Stonewood Center
Third Street Promenade
Westfield Culver City
Westfield Santa Anita
Westfield Valencia Town Center
Whittwood Town Center
Orange
Anaheim GardenWalk
Anaheim Plaza
Bella Terra
Brea Mall
Buena Park Downtown
Downtown Disney
Fashion Island
Irvine Spectrum
Laguna Hills Mall
MainPlace Mall
The Market Place
Outlets at Orange
Shops at Mission Viejo
South Coast Plaza
Village at Orange
Westminster Mall
Riverside
Desert Fashion Plaza
Galleria at Tyler
Main Street Pedestrian Mall
Moreno Valley Mall
Promenade In Temecula
Westfield Palm Desert
San Bernardino
Barstow Mall
Carousel Mall
Citrus Plaza
Inland Center
Mall of Victor Valley
Montclair Plaza
Ontario Mills
Redlands Mall
Victoria Gardens
San Diego
Chula Vista Center
Fashion Valley Mall
Grossmont Center
Las Americas Premium Outlets
Otay Ranch Town Center
Parkway Plaza
Seaport Village
Westfield Carlsbad
Westfield Horton Plaza
Westfield Mission Valley
Westfield North County
Westfield Plaza Bonita
Westfield UTC
Ventura
Collection at RiverPark
The Oaks
Pacific View Mall
Simi Valley Town Center
Elsewhere
Imperial Valley Mall
La Cumbre Plaza
Valley Plaza Mall
Coordinates: 33°59′37″N 117°55′39″W / 33.99356°N 117.92750°W / 33.99356; -117.92750
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Puente_Hills_Mall&oldid=836525194"
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text:
(God Must Have Spent) A Little More Time on You
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
"(God Must Have Spent) A Little More Time on You"
Single by NSYNC
from the album *NSYNC
B-side
"Sad Lookin' Moon"
Released
February 9, 1999 (1999-02-09)[1]
Format
CD single
Recorded
1997
Genre
Pop
R&B
Christian
Length
4:43 (Album Version)
4:04 (Radio Version)
Label
RCA
Songwriter(s)
Carl Struken
Evan Rogers
Producer(s)
Carl Sturken
Evan Rogers
NSYNC singles chronology
"Merry Christmas, Happy Holidays"
(1998) "(God Must Have Spent) A Little More Time on You"
(1999) "Thinking of You (I Drive Myself Crazy)"
(1999)
"Merry Christmas, Happy Holidays"
(1998) "(God Must Have Spent) A Little More Time on You"
(1999) "Thinking of You (I Drive Myself Crazy)"
(1999)
"(God Must Have Spent) A Little More Time on You" is the a song by American boy band NSYNC. It was released as the third single from their self-titled debut album in the U.S. While some of the previous singles were released in Europe, this one was not, and subsequently only charted in Australia and the U.S., reaching number 46 and number 8 respectively. The single included a live version of Christopher Cross song "Sailing", as well as a limited edition postcard. Some versions of the single included the track's video. The radio version of this song was featured on both their first and third compilation albums: Greatest Hits (2005) and The Essential *NSYNC (2014).
It was the first song by the group to enter the top ten of the Billboard Hot 100.
Contents
[hide]
1 Music video
2 Track listings
2.1 Version 1
2.2 Version 2
3 Chart positions
3.1 Weekly charts
3.2 Year-end charts
4 Alabama version
4.1 Weekly charts
4.2 End-of-year charts
5 References
6 External links
Music video[edit]
The video was directed by Lionel C. Martin.[2] The video shows the band performing around one single mike, while showing footage of a mother and child, from birthright up to old age, including childhood memories, going to war, and coming home. All the footage of the mother and child is in black and white, whereas most of the footage of NSYNC is in full color.
Track listings[edit]
[3]
Version 1[edit]
"God Must Have Spent a Little More Time on You" (Remix)
"Sailing" (Live Version)
"God Must Have Spent a Little More Time on You" (Video)
"Interview" (Video)
Version 2[edit]
"(God Must Have Spent) A Little More Time on You" (Single Version)
"Sad Lookin' Moon"
Chart positions[edit]
Weekly charts[edit]
Chart (1998)
Peak
position
Australia (ARIA)[4] 46
Canada Top Singles (RPM) 3
US Billboard Hot 100[5] 8
US Adult Contemporary (Billboard)[6] 2
US Adult Top 40 (Billboard)[7] 30
US Mainstream Top 40 (Billboard)[8] 5
Year-end charts[edit]
Chart (1999)
Position
Canada Top Singles (RPM)[9] 72
US Billboard Hot 100[10] 45
Alabama version[edit]
"God Must Have Spent a Little More Time on You"
Single by Alabama featuring *NSYNC
from the album Twentieth Century
B-side
"Sad Lookin' Moon"[11]
Released
April 26, 1999
Format
CD single
Genre
Country
Length
4:03
Label
RCA
Songwriter(s)
Carl Sturken
Evan Rogers
Producer(s)
Don Cook
Alabama
Alabama singles chronology
"Keepin' Up"
(1998) "God Must Have Spent a Little More Time on You"
(1999) "Small Stuff"
(1999)
"Keepin' Up"
(1998) "God Must Have Spent a Little More Time on You"
(1999) "Small Stuff"
(1999)
In 1999, country music band Alabama recorded the song with a backing vocal from NSYNC, and released it as a single from their eighteenth studio album, Twentieth Century. This version peaked at number three on the Billboard Hot Country Songs chart and at number 29 on the Billboard Hot 100. The song was the only Hot Country Songs chart entry for NSYNC.[11] The song was later included as the B-side to Alabama's next single, "Small Stuff."[11]
Weekly charts[edit]
Chart (1999)
Peak
position
Canada Country Tracks (RPM)[12] 1
US Billboard Hot 100[13] 29
US Hot Country Songs (Billboard)[14] 3
End-of-year charts[edit]
End-of-year chart (1999)
Position
Canada Country Tracks (RPM)[15] 8
US Billboard Hot 100[10] 100
US Hot Country Songs (Billboard)[16] 14
Preceded by
"Crazy Little Thing Called Love"
by Dwight Yoakam RPM Country Tracks
number-one single
(Alabama and NSYNC version)
August 23, 1999 Succeeded by
"Amazed"
by Lonestar
References[edit]
Jump up ^ https://www.amazon.com/Must-Spent-Little-SINGLE-ENHANCED/dp/B00000I56E
Jump up ^ Music Video Database for "(God Must Have Spent) A Little More Time on You"
Jump up ^ http://eil.com/shop/moreinfo.asp?catalogid=199351
Jump up ^ "Australian-charts.com – *N Sync – (God Must Have Spent) A Little More Time On You". ARIA Top 50 Singles.
Jump up ^ "NSYNC Chart History (Hot 100)". Billboard. Retrieved April 26, 2017.
Jump up ^ "NSYNC Chart History (Adult Contemporary)". Billboard. Retrieved April 26, 2017.
Jump up ^ "NSYNC Chart History (Adult Pop Songs)". Billboard. Retrieved April 26, 2017.
Jump up ^ "NSYNC Chart History (Pop Songs)". Billboard. Retrieved April 26, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Top Singles - Volume 70, No. 8, December 13, 1999". RPM. December 13, 1999. Retrieved November 21, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b "Billboard Top 100 - 1999". Archived from the original on 2009-07-09. Retrieved 2010-08-28.
^ Jump up to: a b c Whitburn, Joel (2008). Hot Country Songs 1944 to 2008. Record Research, Inc. p. 20. ISBN 0-89820-177-2.
Jump up ^ "Top RPM Country Tracks: Issue 8415." RPM. Library and Archives Canada. August 23, 1999. Retrieved July 7, 2013.
Jump up ^ "Alabama Chart History (Hot 100)". Billboard.
Jump up ^ "Alabama Chart History (Hot Country Songs)". Billboard.
Jump up ^ "RPM Top 100 Country Tracks of 1999". RPM. December 13, 1999. Retrieved July 7, 2013.
Jump up ^ "Best of 1999: Country Songs". Billboard. Prometheus Global Media. 1999. Retrieved August 25, 2012.
External links[edit]
"(God Must Have Spent) A Little More Time on You" Official music video on YouTube
Lyrics of this song at MetroLyrics
[show]
v
t
e
NSYNC
Lance Bass
JC Chasez
Joey Fatone
Chris Kirkpatrick
Justin Timberlake
Studio albums
NSYNC
Home for Christmas
No Strings Attached
Celebrity
Compilation albums
The Winter Album
Greatest Hits
The Collection
The Essential *NSYNC
Soundtrack albums
On the Line
Singles
"I Want You Back"
"Tearin' Up My Heart"
"Here We Go"
"For the Girl Who Has Everything"
"Together Again"
"(God Must Have Spent) A Little More Time on You"
"U Drive Me Crazy"
"Merry Christmas, Happy Holidays"
"Thinking of You (I Drive Myself Crazy)"
"Music of My Heart"
"Bye Bye Bye"
"It's Gonna Be Me"
"I'll Never Stop"
"This I Promise You"
"Pop"
"Gone"
"Girlfriend"
Tours
NSYNC in Concert
No Strings Attached Tour
PopOdyssey
Celebrity Tour
Related articles
Discography
Lou Pearlman
Johnny Wright
Jive Records
New Kids on the Blecch
On the Line
Dead 7
[show]
v
t
e
Alabama 1990–2011 singles
Pass It On Down
"Pass It On Down"
"Jukebox in My Mind"
"Forever's as Far as I'll Go"
"Down Home"
"Here We Are"
Greatest Hits Vol. II
"Then Again"
"Born Country"
American Pride
"Take a Little Trip"
"I'm in a Hurry (And Don't Know Why)"
"Once Upon a Lifetime"
"Hometown Honeymoon"
Cheap Seats
"Reckless"
"T.L.C. A.S.A.P."
"The Cheap Seats"
Greatest Hits Vol. III
"We Can't Love Like This Anymore"
"Give Me One More Shot"
In Pictures
"She Ain't Your Ordinary Girl"
"In Pictures"
"It Works"
"Say I"
"The Maker Said Take Her"
Dancin' on the Boulevard
"Sad Lookin' Moon"
"Dancin', Shaggin' on the Boulevard"
"Of Course I'm Alright"
"She's Got That Look in Her Eyes"
For the Record
"How Do You Fall in Love"
"Keepin' Up"
Twentieth Century
"God Must Have Spent a Little More Time on You"
"Small Stuff"
"We Made Love"
When It All Goes South
"When It All Goes South"
"Will You Marry Me"
"The Woman He Loves"
In the Mood: The Love Songs
"I'm in the Mood"
Southern Drawl
"Wasn't Through Lovin' You Yet"
"Come Find Me" (with Alison Krauss)
Other singles
"Sweet Home Alabama"
"Angels Among Us"
"Rockin' Around the Christmas Tree"
"Are You Sure Hank Done It This Way"
"Old Alabama" (with Brad Paisley)
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=(God_Must_Have_Spent)_A_Little_More_Time_on_You&oldid=821257894"
Categories:
1998 singles
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Songs written by Carl Sturken and Evan Rogers
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Apostles
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For the general concept meaning a messenger and ambassador, see Apostle. For other uses, see Apostle (disambiguation).
"Twelve Apostles" redirects here. For other uses, see Twelve Apostles (disambiguation).
The Last Supper, a late 1490s mural painting by Leonardo da Vinci, is a depiction of the last supper of Jesus and his twelve apostles on the eve of his crucifixion.
Jesus and his twelve apostles, fresco with the Chi-Rho symbol ☧, Catacombs of Domitilla, Rome.
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In Christian theology and ecclesiology, the apostles (Greek: ἀπόστολος, translit. apóstolos, lit. 'one who is sent away'), particularly the Twelve Apostles, were the primary disciples of Jesus, the central figure in Christianity. During the life and ministry of Jesus in the 1st century AD, the apostles were his closest followers and became the primary teachers of the gospel message of Jesus. The word disciple is sometimes used interchangeably with apostle; for instance, the Gospel of John makes no distinction between the two terms[citation needed]. In modern usage, prominent missionaries are often called apostles, a practice which stems from the Latin equivalent of apostle, i.e. missio, the source of the English word missionary. For example, Saint Patrick (AD 373–463) was the "Apostle of Ireland", and Saint Boniface (680–755) was the "Apostle to the Germans".[1]
While Christian tradition often refers to the apostles as being 12 in number, different gospel writers give different names for the same individual, and apostles mentioned in one gospel are not mentioned in others. The commissioning of the Twelve Apostles during the ministry of Jesus is recorded in the Synoptic Gospels. After his resurrection, Jesus sent 11 of them (minus Judas Iscariot, who by then had died) by the Great Commission to spread his teachings to all nations. This event is commonly called the Dispersion of the Apostles. There is also an Eastern Christian tradition derived from the Gospel of Luke of there having been as many as 70 apostles during the time of Jesus' ministry. Prominent figures in early Christianity, notably Paul, were often called apostles, even though their ministry or mission came after the life of Jesus.
The period of early Christianity during the lifetimes of the apostles is called the Apostolic Age.[1] During the 1st century AD, the apostles established churches throughout the territories of the Roman Empire and, according to tradition, through the Middle East, Africa, and India.
Although not one of the apostles commissioned during the life of Jesus, Paul, a Jew named Saul of Tarsus, claimed a special commission from the resurrected Jesus and is considered "the apostle of the Gentiles",[Romans 11:13] for his missions to spread the gospel message after his conversion. In his writings, the epistles to Christian churches throughout the Levant, Paul did not restrict the term "apostle" to the Twelve, and often refers to his mentor Barnabas as an apostle.[1] The restricted usage appears in the Revelation to John.[2]
By the 2nd century AD, association with the apostles was esteemed as an evidence of authority. Churches which are believed to have been founded by one of the apostles are known as apostolic sees. Paul's epistles were accepted as scripture, and two of the four canonical gospels were associated with apostles, as were other New Testament works. Various Christian texts, such as the Didache and the Apostolic Constitutions, were attributed to the apostles. Bishops traced their lines of succession back to individual apostles, who were said to have dispersed from Jerusalem and established churches across great territories. Christian bishops have traditionally claimed authority deriving, by apostolic succession, from the Twelve.[1] Early Church Fathers who came to be associated with apostles, such as Pope Clement I with St. Peter, are referred to as the Apostolic Fathers. The Apostles' Creed, popular in the West, was said to have been composed by the apostles themselves.
Contents
[hide]
1 Etymology
2 List of the Twelve Apostles
3 List of the Twelve Apostles as identified by the Bible
4 Background
5 Calling by Jesus
6 Replacement of Judas
7 Paul, Apostle of the Gentiles
8 Other apostles mentioned in the New Testament
9 Tombs of the Apostles
10 See also
11 References
12 Further reading
13 External links
Etymology[edit]
The Synaxis of the Twelve Apostles. Russian, 14th century, Moscow Museum.
The word "apostle" comes from the Greek word ἀπόστολος (apóstolos), formed from the prefix ἀπό- (apó-, "from") and root στέλλω (stéllō, "I send", "I depart") and originally meaning "messenger, envoy". It has, however, a stronger sense than the word messenger, and is closer to a "delegate".[3] The Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament argues that its Christian use translated a Jewish position known in Hebrew as the sheliach (שליח). This ecclesiastical meaning of the word was later translated into Latin as missio, the source of the English "missionary".
List of the Twelve Apostles[edit]
Jesus and the 12 apostles in Domus Galilaeae, Israel.
The following is a list of the Twelve Apostles, named as they are most commonly referred to.[citation needed]
Peter (born Simon)
Andrew, brother of Peter
James, son of Zebedee
John, brother of James, son of Zebedee
Philip
Bartholomew
Thomas
Matthew
James, son of Alphaeus
Judas Thaddeus, also known as Jude
Simon the Zealot, also known as Simon the Canaanite
Judas Iscariot
Matthias is not an original apostle and is a replacement for Judas Iscariot after the betrayal of Jesus.
Paul is also not one of the original apostles, but is referred to and treated like one. He played a large role in composing the Bible and listing the lives of Jesus Christ and the Twelve Apostles.
List of the Twelve Apostles as identified by the Bible[edit]
Each of the four listings of apostles in the New Testament (Mark 3:13–19, Matthew 10:1–4, Luke 6:12–16, and Acts 1:13) indicate that all the apostles were men. The canonical gospels and the book of Acts give varying names of the twelve apostles. The list in the Gospel of Luke differs from Matthew and Mark at two points. It lists "Judas the son of James" instead of "Thaddeus". (For more information, see Jude the Apostle.) Unlike the Synoptic Gospels, the Gospel of John does not offer a formal list of apostles. Although it refers to "the Twelve" (John 6:67–71), the gospel does not present any elaboration of who these twelve actually were, and the author of the Gospel of John does not mention them all by name. There is also no separation of the terms "apostles" and "disciples" in John.
Gospel of Matthew[4]
Gospel of Mark[5]
Gospel of Luke[6]
Gospel of John
Acts of the Apostles[7]
Simon ("who is called Peter") Simon Simon Simon Peter[8] Peter
Andrew ("his [Peter's] brother") Andrew Andrew Andrew Andrew
James ("son of Zebedee") James James one of the "sons of Zebedee" James
John ("his [James's] brother") John / one of the "Boanerges" John one of the "sons of Zebedee" John
Philip Philip Philip Philip Philip
Bartholomew Bartholomew Bartholomew Nathanael Bartholomew
Thomas Thomas Thomas Thomas ("also called Didymus")[9] Thomas
Matthew ("the publican") Matthew Matthew not mentioned Matthew
James ("son of Alphaeus") James James not mentioned James
Lebbaeus ("whose surname was Thaddaeus") Thaddaeus Judas ("son of James") Jude ("not Iscariot")[10] Judas son of James
Simon ("the Canaanite") Simon ("the Cananaean") Simon ("who was called the Zealot") not mentioned Simon the Zealot
Judas Iscariot Judas Iscariot Judas Iscariot Judas ("son of Simon Iscariot")[11] (Judas replaced by Matthias)
Background[edit]
In the New Testament, the names of the majority of the apostles are Hebrew names, although some had Greek names.[12] Even Paul, the "apostle of the Gentiles", who said that Jesus revealed himself to him only after his ascension and appointed him to his mission,[13] was a Jew by birth and proud of it, although after his conversion he adopted the Roman cognomen Paulus, rendered in English as Paul, as his name.[Acts 13:9] Paul claimed with much insistency this title and its rights,[3] and made the case to the Corinthian Church that he was an apostle by the evidence of the fruits of his ministry, of which they themselves were.[1Cor 9:1–2]
Mark 6:7–13 states that Jesus initially sent out these twelve in pairs (cf. Mt 10:5–42, Lk 9:1–6) to towns in Galilee. The text states that their initial instructions were to heal the sick and drive out demons.[3] They are also instructed to "take nothing for their journey, except a staff only: no bread, no wallet, no money in their purse, but to wear sandals, and not put on two tunics", and that if any town rejects them they ought to shake the dust off their feet as they leave, a gesture which some scholars think was meant as a contemptuous threat (Miller 26). Their carrying of just a staff (Matthew and Luke say not even a staff) is sometimes given as the reason for the use by Christian bishops of a staff of office in those denominations that believe they maintain an apostolic succession.
Later in the Gospel narratives the twelve apostles are described as having been commissioned to preach the Gospel to "all the nations",[14] regardless of whether Jew or Gentile.[15] Paul emphasized the important role of the apostles in the church of God when he said that the household of God is "built upon the foundation of apostles and prophets, Christ Jesus himself being the cornerstone".[Ephesians 2:19–20]
Calling by Jesus[edit]
James Tissot, The Exhortation to the Apostles.
Main article: Commissioning of the Twelve Apostles
The three Synoptic Gospels record the circumstances in which some of the disciples were recruited, Matthew only describing the recruitment of Simon, Andrew, James, and John. All three Synoptic Gospels state that these four were recruited fairly soon after Jesus returned from being tempted by the devil.
Despite Jesus only briefly requesting that they join him, they are all described as immediately consenting, and abandoning their nets to do so. Traditionally the immediacy of their consent was viewed as an example of divine power, although this statement is not made in the text itself. The alternative and much more ordinary solution is that Jesus was simply friends with the individuals beforehand, as implied by the Gospel of John, which states that Peter (Simon) and Andrew are the disciples of John the Baptist, and started following Jesus as soon as Jesus had been baptized. The Bible identifies Jesus as a tekton,[Mk 6:3] a Greek word meaning builder or artisan,[16] traditionally translated as carpenter. Considering this profession, it is plausible that Jesus had been employed to build and repair fishing vessels, thus having many opportunities to interact with and befriend such fishermen.
Albright and Mann extrapolate from Simon's and Andrew's abandonment of their nets that Matthew is emphasizing the importance of renunciation by converting to Christianity, since fishing was profitable, although required large start-up costs, and abandoning everything would have been an important sacrifice. Regardless, Simon and Andrew's abandonment of what were effectively their most important worldly possessions was taken as a model by later Christian ascetics.
Adriaen van de Venne's Fishers of Men. Oil on panel, 1614
Matthew describes Jesus meeting James and John, also fishermen and brothers, very shortly after recruiting Simon and Andrew. Matthew and Mark identify James and John as sons of Zebedee. Luke adds to Matthew and Mark that James and John worked as a team with Simon and Andrew. Matthew states that at the time of the encounter, James and John were repairing their nets, but readily joined Jesus without hesitation.
This parallels the accounts of Mark and Luke, but Matthew implies that the men have also abandoned their father (since he is present in the ship they abandon behind them), and Carter feels this should be interpreted to mean that Matthew's view of Jesus is one of a figure rejecting the traditional patriarchal structure of society, where the father had command over his children; most scholars, however, just interpret it to mean that Matthew intended these two to be seen as even more devoted than the other pair.
The Synoptic Gospels go on to describe that much later, after Jesus had later begun his ministry, he noticed, while teaching, a tax collector in his booth. The tax collector, 'Levi' according to some Gospels, 'Matthew' according to others, is asked by Jesus to become one of his disciples. Matthew/Levi is stated to have accepted and then invited Jesus for a meal with his friends. Tax collectors were seen as villains in Jewish society, and the Pharisees are described as asking Jesus why he is having a meal with such disreputable people. The reply Jesus gives to this is now well known: "it is not the healthy who need a doctor, but the sick. I have not come to call the righteous, but sinners".[Mk 2:17]
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Replacement of Judas[edit]
Main article: Saint Matthias
After Judas Iscariot betrayed Christ and then in guilt committed suicide before Christ's resurrection (in one Gospel account), the apostles numbered eleven. When Jesus had been taken up from them, in preparation for the coming of the Holy Spirit that he had promised them, Peter advised the brethren:
Judas, who was guide to those who took Jesus... For he was numbered with us, and received his portion in this ministry... For it is written in the book of Psalms, "Let his habitation be made desolate, Let no one dwell therein", and, "Let another take his office"... So one of the men who have accompanied us during all the time that the Lord Jesus went in and out among us, beginning from the baptism of John until the day he was taken up from us, must become with us a witness to his resurrection
—  Acts 1:15–26
So, between the ascension of Christ and the day of Pentecost, the remaining apostles elected a twelfth apostle by casting lots, a traditional Israelite way to determine the will of God (see Proverbs 16:33). The lot fell upon Matthias.[17]
Paul the Apostle in his First Epistle to the Corinthians, appears to give the first historical reference to the twelve apostles:
For I delivered to you as of first importance what I also received: that Christ died for our sins in accordance with the Scriptures, that he was buried, that he was raised on the third day in accordance with the Scriptures, and that he appeared to Cephas, then to the twelve. Then he appeared to more than five hundred brothers at one time, most of whom are still alive, though some have fallen asleep. Then he appeared to James, then to all the apostles. Last of all, as to one untimely born, he appeared also to me.
—  1 Corinthians 15:3–8
Paul, Apostle of the Gentiles[edit]
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Main article: Paul the Apostle
In his writings, Paul the Apostle, although not one of the original twelve, described himself as an apostle, one "born out of due time" (e.g., Romans 1:1, 1 Corinthians 15:8 and other letters). He was called by the resurrected Jesus himself during his Road to Damascus vision and given the name "Paul".[Acts 9:1–9] With Barnabas, he was allotted the role of apostle in the church.[Acts 13:2] He referred to himself as the apostle of the Gentiles.[Rom 11:13]
As the Catholic Encyclopedia states, "It is at once evident that in a Christian sense, everyone who had received a mission from God, or Christ, to man could be called 'Apostle'"; thus extending the original sense beyond the twelve.[citation needed]
Since Paul claimed to have received the gospel through a revelation of Jesus Christ[18] after the latter's death and resurrection (rather than before like the twelve), he was often obliged to defend his apostolic authority (1 Cor. 9:1 "Am I not an apostle?") and proclaim that he had seen and was anointed by Jesus while on the road to Damascus.
James, Peter and John in Jerusalem accepted his calling to the apostleship from the Lord to the Gentiles (specifically those not circumcised) as of equal authority as Peter's to the Jews (specifically those circumcised) according to Paul.[Gal 2:7–9] "James, Peter and John, those reputed to be pillars ... agreed that we [Paul and Barnabas] should go to the Gentiles, and they to the Jews."[Gal 2:9]
Paul, despite his divine calling as an apostle, considered himself perhaps inferior to the other apostles because he had originally persecuted Christ's followers.[1 Cor. 15:9] In addition, despite the Little Commission of Matthew 10, the twelve did not limit their mission to solely Jews as Cornelius the Centurion is widely considered the first Gentile convert and he was converted by Peter, and the Great Commission of the Resurrected Jesus is specifically to "all nations".
Other apostles mentioned in the New Testament[edit]
Person called apostle
Where in Scripture
Notes
Barnabas Acts 14:14 —
Andronicus and Junia Rom 16:7 Paul states that Andronicus and Junia were "of note among the apostles." This has been traditionally interpreted in one of two ways:
That Andronicus and Junia were "of note among the apostles," that is, distinguished apostles.[19]
That Andronicus and Junia were "well known among the apostles" meaning "well known to the apostles"
If the first view is correct then Paul may be referring to a female apostle[20][21] - the Greek name (Iounian) is in the accusative and could be either Junia (a woman) or Junias (a man)[22]. Later manuscripts add accents to make it unamibiously Junias, however while "Junia" was a common name, "Junias" was not[21], and both options are favoured by different Bible translations.
In the second view, it is believed that Paul is simply making mention of the outstanding character of these two people which was acknowledged by the apostles.
Historically it has been virtually impossible to tell which of the two views were correct. The second view, in recent years, has been defended from a scholarly perspective by Daniel Wallace and Michael Burer.[23]
Silas 1 Thes. 1:1, 2:6 Referred to as one along with Timothy and Paul, he also performs the functioning of an apostle as Paul's companion in Paul's second missionary journey in Acts 15:40ff.
Timothy 1 Thes. 1:1, 2:6 Timothy is referred to as an apostle along with Silas and Paul. However, in 2 Cor. 1:1 he is only called a "brother" when Paul refers to himself as "an apostle of Christ". Timothy performs many of the functions of an apostle in the commissioning of Paul in 1st and 2nd Timothy, though in those epistles Paul refers to him as his "son" in the faith.
Apollos 1 Cor. 4:9 Included among "us apostles" along with Paul and Cephas (Peter). (see also: 4:6, 3:22, and 3:4–6)
Deaths
Of the twelve Apostles to hold the title after Matthias' selection, Christian tradition has generally passed down that all but one were martyred, with John surviving into old age. Only the death of James, son of Zebedee is described in the New Testament.[24]
Matthew 27:5 says that Judas Iscariot threw the silver he received for betraying Jesus down in the Temple, then went and hanged himself. Acts 1:18 says that he purchased a field, then "falling headlong he burst open in the middle and all his bowels gushed out".
According to Edward Gibbon, early Christians (second half of the second century and first half of the third century) believed that only Peter, Paul, and James, son of Zebedee, were martyred.[25] The remainder of the claims of martyred apostles do not rely upon historical or biblical evidence.[26][27]
Tombs of the Apostles[edit]
Basilica of St John Lateran (Rome)[28]
The relics of the Apostles are claimed by various Churches, many in Italy.[29]
Peter: buried in St. Peter's Basilica in Vatican City, Rome, Italy
Andrew: buried in St Andrew's Cathedral, Patras, Greece
James, son of Zebedee: buried in Santiago de Compostela Cathedral in Galicia (Spain)
John: buried in the Basilica of St. John in Ephesus Turkey
Philip: buried in the Church of the Holy Apostles in Rome or possibly Hierapolis, near Denizli, Turkey[30]
Bartholomew: buried in the Basilica of Benevento, Italy, or Basilica of St. Bartholomew on the Island, Rome, Italy
Matthew: buried in the Salerno Cathedral, Salerno, Italy
James, son of Alpheus: buried in the Cathedral of St. James in Jerusalem or the Church of the Holy Apostles in Rome
Thomas: buried in the Basilica of St. Thomas the Apostle in Ortona, Abruzzo, Italy or in the San Thome Basilica in Madras, India
Simon: buried in St. Peter's Basilica in Rome under the St. Joseph altar with St. Jude
Jude Thaddeus: buried in St. Peter's Basilica under the St. Joseph altar with St. Simon; two bones (relics) located at National Shrine of St Jude in Chicago, Illinois
Matthias: buried in the Saint Matthias Benedictine Abbey in Trier, Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany.
Paul: relics located in the Basilica of Saint Paul Outside the Walls in Rome
Judas Iscariot: remains located in Akeldama, near the Valley of Hinnom, in Jerusalem, Israel
See also[edit]
Book: Apostle (Christian)
Apostles' Fast
Council of Jerusalem
Disciples of Jesus in Islam
Female disciples of Jesus
Great Commission
New Apostolic Church
Old Apostolic Church
Quorum of the Twelve Apostles (LDS Church)
Seventy disciples
The Twelve Imams
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b c d "Apostle." Cross, F. L., ed. The Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church. New York: Oxford University Press. 2005. ISBN 0-19-280290-9
Jump up ^ Revelation 21:14.
^ Jump up to: a b c "Catholic Encyclopedia: Apostles".
Jump up ^ Matt 10:1–4
Jump up ^ Mark 3:13–19
Jump up ^ Luke 6:12–16
Jump up ^ Acts 1:13
Jump up ^ John 6:67-71
Jump up ^ John 11:16John 20:24John 21:2
Jump up ^ John 14:22
Jump up ^ John 6:67-71
Jump up ^ As was not uncommon for Jews at the time, some of them had two names, one Hebrew/Aramaic and the other Greek. Hence the lists of Jesus' twelve apostles contains 14 names not 12; the 4 Greek names are Andrew, Philip, Thaddaeus and Lebbaeus. Reference: John P. Meier's A Marginal Jew.
Jump up ^ Acts 9:1–19 Gal 1:11–12
Jump up ^ Mt 28:19, Mk 13:10, and 16:15
Jump up ^ Cf. also Acts 15:1–31, Galatians 2:7–9, Acts 1:4–8, and Acts 10:1–11:18.
Jump up ^ An Intermediate Greek-English Lexicon. The Seventh Edition of Liddell and Scott's Greek-English Lexicon. Clarendon Press: Oxford, p. 797.
Jump up ^ "Who were the 12 disciples?". Retrieved 2017-09-19.
Jump up ^ cf. Gal 1:12; Acts 9:3–19, 9:26–27, 22:6–21, 26:12–23
Jump up ^ May, Herbert G. and Bruce M. Metzger. The New Oxford Annotated Bible with the Apocrypha. 1977.
Jump up ^ Crossan, J. D. and Reed, J. L., In Search of Paul, Harper San Francisco (2004), pp. 115–116. ISBN 978-0-06-051457-0.
^ Jump up to: a b Ehrman, Bart. Peter, Paul, and Mary Magdalene: The Followers of Jesus in History and Legend. Oxford University Press, US. 2006. ISBN 978-0-19-530013-0.
Jump up ^ CBMW "A Female Apostle?", June 26, 2007
Jump up ^ See Daniel B. Wallace and Michael H. Burer, "Was Junia Really an Apostle?" NTS 47 (2001): 76–91.
Jump up ^ "Who were the 12 disciples?".
Jump up ^ Gibbon, Edward (1826). "Chapter XVI. The Conduct of the Roman Government toward the Christians, from the Reign of Nero to that of Constantine". The history of the decline and fall of the Roman empire. II. New York: J. & J. Harper for Collins & Hanney. p. 20. 27. In the time of Tertullian and Clemens of Alexandria the glory of martyrdom was confined to St. Peter, St. Paul and St. James. It was gradually bestowed on the rest of the apostles by the more recent Greeks, who prudently selected for the theatre of their preaching and sufferings some remote country beyond the limits of the Roman empire. See Mosheim, p. 81. and Tillemont, Memoires Ecclesiastiques, tom. i. part 3.
Jump up ^ (behind paywall).
Jump up ^ Wills, Garry (10 March 2015). The Future of the Catholic Church with Pope Francis. Penguin Publishing Group. p. 46. ISBN 978-0-698-15765-1. (Candida Moss marshals the historical evidence to prove that "we simply don't know how any of the apostles died, much less whether they were martyred.")6 Citing Moss, Candida (5 March 2013). The Myth of Persecution: How Early Christians Invented a Story of Martyrdom. HarperCollins. p. 136. ISBN 978-0-06-210454-0.
Jump up ^ Many of the alternate locations of relics are sourced from this page http://www.saintsinrome.com/?m=0
Jump up ^ "Welcome".
Jump up ^ As stated in St. Philips wiki article
Further reading[edit]
The Navarre Bible. (RSV, Catholic Edition), Dublin: Four Courts Press, 1999.
Albright, W.F. and C.S. Mann. "Matthew." The Anchor Bible Series. New York: Doubleday & Company, 1971.
Pope Benedict XVI, The Apostles. Full title is The Origins of the Church – The Apostles and Their Co-Workers. published 2007, in the US: ISBN 978-1-59276-405-1; different edition published in the UK under the title: Christ and His Church – Seeing the face of Jesus in the Church of the Apostles, ISBN 978-1-86082-441-8.
Carson, D.A. "The Limits of Functional Equivalence in Bible Translation – and other Limits Too." in The Challenge of Bible Translation: Communicating God's Word to the World. edited by Glen G Scorgie, Mark L. Strauss, Steven M. Voth.
Carter, Warren. "Matthew 4:18–22 and Matthean Discipleship: An Audience-Oriented Perspective." Catholic Bible Quarterly. Vol. 59. No. 1. 1997.
Clarke, Howard W. The Gospel of Matthew and its Readers: A Historical Introduction to the First Gospel. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2003.
"Fishers of Men." A Dictionary of Biblical Tradition in English Literature. David Lyle Jeffrey, general editor. Grand Rapids: W.B. Eerdmans, 1992.
France, R.T. The Gospel According to Matthew: an Introduction and Commentary. Leicester: Inter-Varsity, 1985.
Karrer, Martin. "Apostle, Apostolate." In The Encyclopedia of Christianity, edited by Erwin Fahlbusch and Geoffrey William Bromiley, 107–08. Vol. 1. Grand Rapids: Wm. B. Eerdmans, 1999. ISBN 0-8028-2413-7
Mack, Burton L., The Lost Gospel – The Book of Q & Christian Origins. HarperCollins 1994.
Manek, Jindrich. "Fishers of Men." Novum Testamentum. 1958 p. 138
Schweizer, Eduard. The Good News According to Matthew. Atlanta: John Knox Press, 1975.
Wuellner, Wilhelm H. The Meaning of "Fishers of Men". Westminster Press, 1967.
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Apostles.
Wikiquote has quotations related to: Apostles
Apostle article from Schaff-Herzog Encyclopedia of Religious Knowledge
Texts on Wikisource:
"Apostle". Encyclopedia Americana. 1920.
"Apostle". Encyclopædia Britannica. 2 (11th ed.). 1911. pp. 196–199.
"Apostles". The New Student's Reference Work. 1914.
Coppieters, Honoré-Joseph (1913). "Apostles". Catholic Encyclopedia.
"Apostle". New International Encyclopedia. 1905.
"Apostle". Easton's Bible Dictionary. 1897.
Liddell & Scott
Strong's G652[permanent dead link]
Apostle and Apostleship article from Jewish Encyclopedia
The Twelve Apostles The Biographies of The Twelve Apostles of Jesus Christ, the son of God.
Apostles.com Biographies of Christ's Apostles
Cast Your Nets: Fishing at the Time of Jesus
The Fishing Economy in Galilee
The Twelve Apostles an Eastern Orthodox perspective by Rev. George Mastrantonis
Apostle article from OrthodoxWiki
Christian History: The Twelve Apostles
Quorum of the Twelve Apostles of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints.
"The Twelve Apostles" at the Christian Iconography website
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eo
eo
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apostolu
Apostolu – Basque
eu
eu
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apostel
Apostel – Western Frisian
fy
fy
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apuestul
Apuestul – Friulian
fur
fur
interlanguage-link-target

values: Առաքյալներ – Armenian

values:
https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apostol
Apostol – Croatian
hr
hr
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apostolo
Apostolo – Interlingua
ia
ia
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Postuli
Postuli – Icelandic
is
is
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apostolo
Apostolo – Italian
it
it
interlanguage-link-target

values: მოციქულები – Georgian

values: Апостол – Kazakh

values:
https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ap%C3%B2t
Apòt – Haitian Creole
ht
ht
interlanguage-link-target

values: Апостолдор – Kyrgyz

values:
https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apostoli
Apostoli – Latin
la
la
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apustulis
Apustulis – Latvian
lv
lv
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apostel
Apostel – Limburgish
li
li
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apostol
Apostol – Hungarian
hu
hu
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apostoly
Apostoly – Malagasy
mg
mg
interlanguage-link-target

values: അപ്പോസ്തല – Malayalam

values:
https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hawari
Hawari – Malay
ms
ms
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apostel
Apostel – Dutch
nl
nl
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apostel
Apostel – Norwegian
no
no
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apostel
Apostel – Norwegian Nynorsk
nn
nn
interlanguage-link-target

values: ਬਾਰਾਂ ਰਸੂਲ – Punjabi

values:
https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apostol
Apostol – Romanian
ro
ro
interlanguage-link-target

values: Апостолы – Russian

values:
https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apostles
Apostles – Scots
sco
sco
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apostulli
Apostulli – Albanian
sq
sq
interlanguage-link-target

values: අපෝස්තුළුවරයා – Sinhala

values: حواري – Sindhi

values:
https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apostol
Apostol – Slovenian
sl
sl
interlanguage-link-target

values: Апостоли – Serbian

values:
https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apostoli
Apostoli – Serbo-Croatian
sh
sh
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apostoli
Apostoli – Finnish
fi
fi
interlanguage-link-target

values: திருத்தூதர் (கிறித்தவம்) – Tamil

values: อัครทูต – Thai

values: Апостолҳо – Tajik

values:
https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Havari
Havari – Turkish
tr
tr
interlanguage-link-target

values: رسول (مسیحیت) – Urdu

values:
https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apostol
Apostol – Waray
war
war
interlanguage-link-target

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