text:
Professional life of George W. Bush
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George W. Bush
This article covers the professional life of George W. Bush, the 43rd President of the United States. Prior to his election as President in 2000, Bush held numerous other positions, including being an oil executive, an owner of the Texas Rangers baseball team, and Governor of Texas. (Also see Governorship of George W. Bush.)
Contents
[hide]
1 Business
1.1 Texas Rangers and allegations of insider trading
1.2 Early political career
2 See also
3 References
Business[edit]
Bush began his industry career in 1979, when he established Arbusto Energy, an oil and gas exploration company he financed with his education trust fund surplus and money from other investors, including Dorothy Bush, Lewis Lehrman, William Henry Draper III, Bill Gammell, and James R. Bath, the last of whom represented Salem bin Laden, a half-brother and cousin of Osama bin Laden. In 1984, Bush sold the company, hurt in the wake of the 1979 energy crisis, to Spectrum 7, another Texas gas exploration firm. Under the terms of the sale, Bush became CEO. Spectrum 7 lost revenue and was merged into Harken Energy Corporation in 1986, with Bush becoming a director of Harken.
Texas Rangers and allegations of insider trading[edit]
After working on his father's successful 1988 presidential campaign, Bush learned from fellow Yale alumnus William DeWitt, Jr., that family friend Eddie Chiles wanted to sell the Texas Rangers baseball franchise along with the new sports stadium; built on land acquired under eminent domain law and built under funding financed through taxpayers' funds backed by a bond issued for its debt. In April 1989, Bush assembled a group of investors from his father's close friends, including fellow fraternity brother Roland W. Betts; the group bought an 86% share of the Rangers for $75 million. Bush received a 2% share by investing $606,302, of which $500,000 was a bank loan. Against the advice of his counsel, Bush repaid the loan by selling $848,000 worth of stock in Harken Energy. Harken reported significant financial losses within a year of this sale, triggering allegations of insider trading. On March 27, 1992, the Securities and Exchange Commission concluded that Bush had a "preexisting plan" to sell, that Bush had a "relatively limited role in Harken management", and that it had not seen evidence of insider trading.[1][2][3][4]
The subsequent SEC investigation ended in 1992 with a memo stating "it appears that Bush did not engage in illegal insider trading," but noted that the memo "must in no way be construed as indicating that the party has been exonerated or that no action may ultimately result".[5] Critics allege that this decision was strongly influenced by the makeup of the SEC at the time, which heavily favored Bush. The chairman at the time was Richard Breeden, a good friend of the Bush family's who had been nominated to the SEC by President George H. W. Bush and who had been a lawyer in James Baker's firm, Baker Botts. The SEC's general counsel at the time was James Doty, who had been appointed by President H.W. Bush and as a lawyer in James Baker's firm, Baker Botts had represented George W. Bush when arrangements were made to acquire the Texas Rangers baseball franchise (although Doty recused himself from the investigation.). With Baker Botts representing W. Bush, the Saudi BinLaden family and W. Bush's funding conduit James R. Bath, Doty was involved in the frivilous litigation campaign launched in the attempt to intimidate BinLaden middleman James R Bath's business partner [[Charles W. ["Bill"] White]] into cooperating with the attempted cover-up of secret BinLaden Family funding of W. Bush's campaigns and businesses. Bush's own lawyer was Robert Jordan, who had been "partners with both Doty and Breeden at Baker Botts and who later became George W. Bush's ambassador to Saudi Arabia".
In House of Bush, House of Saud, Craig Unger notes that at the time of Bush's sale, Harken Energy "was expected to run out of money in just three days" (p. 123). In a last-ditch attempt to save the company, Harken was advised by the endowment fund of Harvard University to spin off two of its lower-performing divisions. "According to a Harken memo, if the plan did not go through, the company had 'no other source of immediate financing.'" Bush had already taken out a $500,000 loan and sought Harken's general counsel for advice. The reply was explicit: "The act of trading, particularly if close in time to the receipt of the inside information, is strong evidence that the insider's investment decision was based on the inside information... the insider should be advised not to sell". This memo was turned over by Bush's attorney the day after the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) ruled that it would not charge Bush with insider trading. On June 22, Bush sold his 212,140 shares of stock anyway for a net profit of $848,560. The very next quarter, Harken announced losses of $23 million, which continued to the end of the year when the stock "plummeted from $4 to $1.25".
As President, Bush has refused to authorize the SEC to release its full report on the Harken investigation.[6] When the Rangers franchise was sold for $250 million in 1998, at a total profit of $170 million, Bush personally received $14.9 million for his $600,000 investment.[7]
As managing general partner of the Rangers, Bush assisted the team's media relations and the construction of a new stadium.[8] Many in Arlington protested that the stadium was paid for with public funds, and when the stadium title was given to the Texas Rangers Organization, it effectively allowed Bush to cash out public funds. His public role generated valuable goodwill and reinforced name recognition throughout Texas.[9]
Early political career[edit]
After a United States National Guard transfer in 1972, he served as political director for an Alabama senate campaign. In 1978, Bush ran for the U.S. House of Representatives but lost to Kent Hance. Bush stressed his energy credentials and conservative values in the campaign. Hance, however, also held many conservative views, opposing gun control and strict regulation; he successfully portrayed Bush as out of touch with rural Texans. Hance later became a Republican and donated money to Bush's campaign for Governor of Texas in 1993.[10]
See also[edit]
George W. Bush — main article
George W. Bush presidential campaign, 2000
References[edit]
Jump up ^ http://www.publicintegrity.org/docs/harken/harken_doc5.pdf
Jump up ^ "White House Watch: Credibility problem". UPI. 17 July 2002.
Jump up ^ http://www.publicintegrity.org/docs/harken/harken_doc7.pdf
Jump up ^ "Washingtonpost.com: Bush Name Helps Fuel Oil Dealings".
Jump up ^ "CNN.com - White House defends Bush handling of stock sale - July 3, 2002".
Jump up ^ "Files: Bush Knew Firm's Plight Before Stock Sale". Washington Post. 2002-07-21. Retrieved 2007-01-02.
Jump up ^ http://www.austinchronicle.com/issues/vol17/issue19/pols.bush.html
Jump up ^ "Team Player - Texas - Joe Nick Patoski".
Jump up ^ "ESPN.com - Major League Baseball - Friday: Bush gets to know Texas".
Jump up ^ "Bush Wasn't Always a Front-Runner". Washington Post. 1999-10-17. Retrieved 2007-04-07.
[hide]
v
t
e
George W. Bush
43rd President of the United States (2001–2009)
46th Governor of Texas (1995–2000)
Born July 6, 1946
Presidency
First inauguration
Second inauguration
First term
Second term
Domestic policy
Legislation and programs
Economic policy
Foreign policy
International trips
Bush Doctrine
War in Afghanistan
Iraq War
Status of Forces Agreement
Patriot Act
No Child Left Behind Act
Medicare Prescription Drug, Improvement, and Modernization Act
USA Freedom Corps
Department of Homeland Security
Space policy
Strategic Offensive Reductions Treaty
"War on Terror"
President's Council on Service and Civic Participation
award
Dismissal of U.S. attorneys controversy
Email controversy
Judicial appointments
Supreme Court
controversies
Cabinet
Pardons
Impeachment efforts
Life
Presidential library
Early life
Military service controversy (Killian documents controversy and authenticity issues)
Professional life
Governorship of Texas
Prairie Chapel Ranch
Bush compound
Clinton Bush Haiti Fund
Speeches
Axis of evil
Mission Accomplished
State of the Union address
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
Elections
United States House of Representatives elections, 1978
Texas gubernatorial election 1994
1998
Presidential campaign 2000
2004
Republican Party presidential primaries, 2000
2004
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2004
United States presidential election, 2000
Bush v. Gore
United States presidential election, 2004
Public image
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Nicknames
As the subject of books and films
Fictionalized portrayals
Miss Me Yet?
Books
A Charge to Keep (1999)
Decision Points (2010)
41: A Portrait of My Father (2014)
Portraits of Courage (2017)
Family
Laura Bush (wife)
Barbara Pierce Bush (daughter)
Jenna Bush Hager (daughter)
George H. W. Bush (father
presidency)
Barbara Bush (mother)
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Neil Bush (brother)
Marvin Bush (brother)
Dorothy Bush Koch (sister)
Prescott Bush (grandfather)
George P. Bush (nephew)
Barney (dog)
Miss Beazley (dog)
India (cat)
Spot Fetcher (dog)
← Bill Clinton
Barack Obama →
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text:
Large denominations of United States currency
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This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (February 2016) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
Large denominations of United States currency greater than $100 were circulated by the United States Treasury until 1969. Since then, U.S. dollar banknotes have only been issued in seven denominations: $1, $2, $5, $10, $20, $50, and $100.
Contents
[hide]
1 Overview and history
2 Public versus institutional use
3 Passive retirement
4 In popular culture
5 High-denomination(HD) banknote issuing data
6 High-denomination United States banknotes
7 See also
8 References
8.1 Footnotes
8.2 Notes
8.3 Bibliography
9 External links
Overview and history[edit]
Large-denomination currency (i.e., banknotes with a face value of $500 or higher)[1] had been used in the United States since the late 18th century.[2] The first $500 note was issued by the Province of North Carolina, authorized by legislation dated May 10, 1780.[3] Virginia quickly followed suit and authorized the printing of $500 and $1,000 notes on October 16, 1780[4] and $2,000 notes on May 7, 1781.[5] High-denomination treasury notes were issued, for example during the War of 1812 ($1,000 notes authorized by an act dated June 30, 1812).[6] During the American Civil War Confederate currency included $500 and $1,000 notes.[7] During the Federal banknote issuing period (1861 to present), the earliest high-denomination notes included three-year Interest-bearing notes of $500, $1,000, and $5,000, authorized by Congress on July 17, 1861.[8] In total, 11 different types of U.S. currency were issued in high-denomination notes across nearly 20 different series dates. The obverse of United States banknotes generally depict either historical figures, allegorical figures symbolizing significant concepts (e.g., liberty, justice), or a combination of both. The reverse designs range from abstract scroll-work with ornate denomination identifiers to reproductions of historical art works.
Public versus institutional use[edit]
Series 1934 gold certificates ($100, $1,000, $10,000 and $100,000) were issued after the gold standard was repealed and gold was compulsorily confiscated by order of President Franklin Roosevelt on March 9, 1933 (see United States Executive Order 6102). Thus the series 1934 notes were used only for intragovernmental (i.e., Federal Reserve Bank) transactions and were not issued to the public. This series was discontinued in 1940. The series 1928 gold certificate reverse was printed in black and green. See history of the United States dollar.
Passive retirement[edit]
Although they are still legal tender in the United States, high-denomination bills were last printed on December 27, 1945, and officially discontinued on July 14, 1969, by the Federal Reserve System,[9] due to 'lack of use'. The $5,000 and $10,000 effectively disappeared well before then.[nb 1]
The Federal Reserve began taking high-denomination currency out of circulation (destroying large bills received by banks) in 1969. As of May 30, 2009[update], only 336 $10,000 bills were known to exist; 342 remaining $5,000 bills; and 165,372 remaining $1,000 bills.[10] Due to their rarity, collectors often pay considerably more than the face value of the bills to acquire them. Some are in museums in other parts of the world.
For the most part, these bills were used by banks and the Federal government for large financial transactions. This was especially true for gold certificates from 1865 to 1934. However, for the most part, the introduction of an electronic money system has made large-scale cash transactions obsolete. When combined with concerns about counterfeiting and the use of cash in unlawful activities such as the illegal drug trade and money laundering, it is unlikely that the U.S. government will re-issue large denomination currency in the near future, despite the amount of inflation that has occurred since 1969 (a $500 bill is now worth less, in real terms, than a $100 bill was worth in 1969). According to the U.S. Department of Treasury website, "The present denominations of our currency in production are $1, $2, $5, $10, $20, $50 and $100. The purpose of the United States currency system is to serve the needs of the public and these denominations meet that goal. Neither the Department of the Treasury nor the Federal Reserve System has any plans to change the denominations in use today."[11]
In popular culture[edit]
Before they were 'retired', host Monty Hall regularly tempted or teased contestants on Let's Make a Deal with a $1,000 bill featuring Grover Cleveland.[12]
High-denomination(HD) banknote issuing data[edit]
Key to high denomination banknote type abbreviations[nb 2]
Abbr
Type
Size[nb 3]
Series dates
High denomination series date
Comments
$500
$1,000
$5,000
$10,000
$100,000
LT
Legal tender Large 1862–1923 1862
1863
1869
1874
1875
1878
1880 1862
1863
1869
1878
1880 1878 1878 – [nb 4]
CITN
Compound interest treasury note Exception 1863–1864 1863
1864 1864 – – –
IBN
Interest bearing note Exception 1861–1865 1861
1863
1864
1865 1861
1863
1864
1865 1861
1863
1864
1865 – – [nb 5]
SC
Silver certificate Large 1878–1923 1878
1880 1878
1880
1891 – – –
TN
Treasury note Large 1890–1891 1891[nb 6] 1890
1891 – – –
NBN
National bank note Large 1865–1875 1865
1875 1865
1875 – – –
FRN
Federal reserve note Large 1914–1918 1918 1918 1918 1918 –
NGBN
National gold bank note Large 1870–1883 1870[nb 7] –[nb 8] – – – [nb 9]
GC
Gold certificate Large[nb 10] 1865–1922 1865
1870
1875
1882
1922 1865
1870
1875
1882
1907
1922 1865
1870
1882
1888 1865
1870
1875
1882
1888
1900 –
FRN
Federal reserve note Small 1928–present 1928
1934 1928
1934 1928
1934 1928
1934 –
GC
Gold certificate Small 1928–1934[nb 11] 1928 1928
1934 1928 1928
1934 1934
High-denomination United States banknotes[edit]
The National Numismatic Collection at the Smithsonian Institution contains (among other things) the Bureau of Engraving and Printing (BEP) certified proofs and the Treasury Department collection of United States currency. Using a combination of proofs and issued notes, a nearly complete type set of high-denomination currency was compiled. Notably missing are several types of Compound and Interest Bearing Notes. Printed during the early to mid-1860s on very thin paper, these high-denomination notes are virtually non-existent. Their issuance (1861–65) pre-dates the BEP's responsibility for U.S. Currency (1870s), so it is fortunate that any proofs exist in the current archives.
High denomination United States banknotes[nb 12]
Value
Type
Series
Fr.
Image
Portrait/engraving[nb 13]
Comments[nb 14]
000500$500
LT 1862–63 Fr.183c Gallatin-AlbertAlbert Gallatin 4 known (variety)
7 known (type)[19]
000500$500
LT 1869 Fr.184 Adams-John-QuincyJohn Quincy Adams
(Charles Burt)[20]
Justice
(Stephen A. Schoff)[21] 4 known (only one privately)[22]
000500$500
LT 1874–78 Fr.185b Mansfield-JosephJoseph Mansfield
(Charles Burt)[20]
Victory
(Charles Burt)[23]
000500$500
LT 1880 Fr.185l Mansfield-JosephJoseph Mansfield
(Charles Burt)[20]
Victory
(Charles Burt)[23] 5 known (variety)[nb 15]
000500$500
CITN 1864 Fr.194a
Proof zStandard Bearer-New IronsidesStandard Bearer (left)
(George D. Baldwin)[25]
New Ironsides (right)
(James Smillie)[26] Unknown[27]
000500$500
SC 1878 Fr.345a Sumner-CharlesCharles Sumner
(Charles Burt)[20] Unique (variety and type)[28]
000500$500
SC 1880 Fr.345c Sumner-CharlesCharles Sumner
(Charles Burt)[20] 5 known (variety)
7 known (type)[28]
000500$500
TN 1891 Fr.379
Proof Sherman-WilliamWilliam Tecumseh Sherman None issued[29]
000500$500
NBN 1865–75 Fr.464 zCivilization-Sirius-BurgoyneCivilization (left)
(James D. Smillie)[30]
Sirius arriving in New York (right)
Surrender of General Burgoyne (rev)
(Frederick Girsch)[31] 2 known (variety)
3 known (type)[32]
000500$500
FRN 1918 Fr.1132d Marshall-JohnJohn Marshall
(Charles Schlecht)[33]
de Soto discovering the Mississippi (rev)
(Frederick Girsch)[31]
000500$500
GC 1863 Fr.1166d
Proof zEagle-shieldEagle with shield or E Pluribus Unum
(Charles Skinner)[34] Unknown[35]
000500$500
GC 1870–75 Fr.1166i Lincoln-AbrahamAbraham Lincoln
(Charles Burt)[20] Unique[35]
000500$500
GC 1882–1922 Fr.1216a Lincoln-AbrahamAbraham Lincoln
(Charles Burt)[20]
000500$500
FRN 1928–34 Fr.2200g McKinley-WilliamWilliam McKinley
(John Eissler)[36]
000500$500
GC 1928 Fr.2407 McKinley-WilliamWilliam McKinley
(John Eissler)[36]
001000$1,000
LT 1862–63 Fr.186e Morris-RobertRobert Morris
(Charles Schlecht)[33] Unique (variety)
5 known (type)[37]
001000$1,000
LT 1869 Fr.186f
Proof Clinton-DeWittDeWitt Clinton 2 known[38]
001000$1,000
LT 1878 Fr.187a Clinton-DeWittDeWitt Clinton
Columbus in his study
(Henry Gugler)[39]
001000$1,000
LT 1880 Fr.187k Clinton-DeWittDeWitt Clinton
Columbus in his study
(Henry Gugler)[39] 4 known (variety)
~20–25 known (type)[nb 16]
001000$1,000
IBN 1863 Fr.201
Proof zJustice-LibertyJustice (left); Liberty (right) Unknown[40]
001000$1,000
IBN 1863 Fr.206
Proof zShipsGuerriere and the Constitution (left) and Discovery of the Mississippi by De Soto (right) Unknown[41]
001000$1,000
SC 1878 Fr.346a
Proof Marcy-WilliamWilliam Marcy
(Charles Schlecht)[33] Unknown[42]
001000$1,000
SC 1880 Fr.346d Marcy-WilliamWilliam Marcy
(Charles Schlecht)[33] 5 known (variety)
5 known (type)[42]
001000$1,000
SC 1891 Fr.346e Marcy-WilliamWilliam Marcy
(Charles Schlecht)[33]
Liberty
(Charles Burt)[43] 2 known[42]
001000$1,000
TN 1890 Fr.379a Meade-GeorgeGeorge Meade
(Charles Burt)[20] 5 known (variety)
7 known (type)[44]
001000$1,000
TN 1891 Fr.379c Meade-GeorgeGeorge Meade
(Charles Burt)[20] 2 known (variety)
3 known (type)[44]
001000$1,000
NBN 1865–75 Fr.465
Proof zScott-Winfield-Washington-GeorgeScott entering City of Mexico (left)
(Alfred Jones)[45]
United States Capitol (right)
(James Smillie)[26]
Washington resigning his commission (rev)
(Frederick Girsch)[31] Unknown[46]
001000$1,000
FRN 1918 Fr.1133d Hamilton-AlexanderAlexander Hamilton
(G.F.C. Smillie)[47]
Eagle (rev)
(Marcus W. Baldwin)[48]
001000$1,000
GC 1863 Fr.1166e
Proof zEagle-shield-Justice-scalesEagle with shield or E Pluribus Unum
(Charles Skinner)[34]
Justice with scales Unique[35]
001000$1,000
GC 1870–75 Fr.1166o
Proof Hamilton-AlexanderAlexander Hamilton
(Charles Burt)[49] Unique[35]
001000$1,000
GC 1882 Fr.1218g Hamilton-AlexanderAlexander Hamilton
(G.F.C. Smillie)[47]
001000$1,000
GC 1907–22 Fr.1219 Hamilton-AlexanderAlexander Hamilton
001000$1,000
FRN 1928–34 Fr.2210g Cleveland-GroverGrover Cleveland
(John Eissler)[36]
001000$1,000
GC 1928 Fr.2408 Cleveland-GroverGrover Cleveland
(John Eissler)[36]
001000$1,000
GC 1934 Fr.2409 Cleveland-GroverGrover Cleveland
(John Eissler)[36]
005000$5,000
LT 1878 Fr.188
Proof Madison-JamesJames Madison
(Alfred Sealey)[50]
Eagle
(William Chorlton)[51] All notes have been redeemed, none outstanding[15]
005000$5,000
IBN 1863 Fr.202
Proof zAltar-of-LibertyThe Altar of Liberty
(Louis Delnoce)[52] Unknown[40]
005000$5,000
IBN 1865 Fr.212h
Proof zJustice-New IronsidesJustice (left)
New Ironsides (center)
(James Smillie)[26]
005000$5,000
FRN 1918 Fr.1134d Madison-JamesJames Madison
(Alfred Sealey)[53]
Washington resigning his commission (rev)
(Louis Delnoce)[52] Unique (variety)
5 known (type)[nb 17]
005000$5,000
GC 1863 Fr.1166f
Proof zEagle-Shield-FemaleEagle with shield or E Pluribus Unum
(Charles Skinner)[34]
Female Unique[35]
005000$5,000
GC 1870–75 Fr.1166k
Proof Madison-JamesJames Madison
(Alfred Sealey)[49] Unknown[35]
005000$5,000
GC 1882 Fr.1221a
Proof Madison-JamesJames Madison
(Alfred Sealey)[55] Two known[35]
005000$5,000
FRN 1928–34 Fr.2220g Madison-JamesJames Madison
(Alfred Sealey)[55]
005000$5,000
GC 1928 Fr.2410 Madison-JamesJames Madison
010000$10,000
LT 1878 Fr.189
Proof Jackson-AndrewAndrew Jackson
(Alfred Sealey)[56] All notes have been redeemed, none outstanding[15]
010000$10,000
FRN 1918 Fr.1135d Chase-SalmonSalmon Chase; Embarkation of the Pilgrims (rev) Unique (variety)
5 known (type)[nb 18]
010000$10,000
GC 1863 Fr.1166g
Proof zEagle-ShieldEagle with shield or E Pluribus Unum
(Charles Skinner)[34] Unknown[35]
010000$10,000
GC 1870–75 Fr.1166l
Proof Jackson-AndrewAndrew Jackson Unique[35]
010000$10,000
GC 1882 Fr.1223a
Proof Jackson-AndrewAndrew Jackson
(Alfred Sealey)[55] Two known[35]
010000$10,000
GC 1900 Fr.1225 Jackson-AndrewAndrew Jackson
(Alfred Sealey)[55]
010000$10,000
FRN 1928–34 Fr.2230b Chase-SalmonSalmon P. Chase
010000$10,000
GC 1928 Fr.2411 Chase-SalmonSalmon P. Chase
010000$10,000
GC 1934 Fr.2412 Chase-SalmonSalmon P. Chase
100000$100,000
GC 1934 Fr.2413 Wilson-WoodrowWoodrow Wilson
(G.F.C. Smillie)[47]
Reverse
(Frederick Pauling)[57]
See also[edit]
Numismatics portal
Currency of the United States
Gold certificate
Fake denominations
Silver certificate (United States)
Silver standard
Treasury Note (1890–91)
References[edit]
Footnotes[edit]
Jump up ^ One hundred $10,000 bills were on display for many years by Benny Binion at Binion's Horseshoe casino in Las Vegas, Nevada, where they were encased in acrylic. The display has since been dismantled and the bills sold to private collectors.
Jump up ^ The following types of United States banknotes were not issued in high denominations and are not included in the list below: Demand notes, Federal Reserve bank notes (large or small size), legal tender (small size), silver certificates (small size), National Bank Notes (small size)[13] The table sections are sorted by their appearance in the Friedberg reference book.
Jump up ^ Large size notes represent the earlier types or series of U.S. banknotes. Their "average" dimension is 7 3⁄8 × 3 1⁄8 inches (187 × 79 mm). Small size notes (described as such due to their size relative to the earlier large size notes) are an "average" 6 1⁄8 × 2 5⁄8 (156 × 67 mm), the size of modern U.S. currency. "Each measurement is ± 0.08 inches (2 mm) to account for margins and cutting".[14] Exceptions to the large versus small categories are the CITN, IBN, and RC, all slightly larger than the large size note dimensions.
Jump up ^ All Series 1878 $5,000 and $10,000 notes have been redeemed.[15]
Jump up ^ Issued HD IBN are virtually unknown. There may be one $500 and 2–3 $1,000 known from all issue dates.[16]
Jump up ^ A $500 Series 1891 Treasury Note was authorized and a certified proof was prepared, but the note was never issued.[17]
Jump up ^ Three banks issued $500 NBGN. None are reported, only four notes have not been redeemed.
Jump up ^ The Kidder National Gold Bank of Boston received two-note $500–$1,000 sheets from the Treasury. The bank returned the shipment intact.
Jump up ^ No issued notes or proofs exist of either $500 or $1,000 NGBN
Jump up ^ Despite the authorizing act date of 3 March 1863, Gold certificates were not issued until 1865.[18]
Jump up ^ Series 1934 Gold certificates were never intended for public circulation.
Jump up ^ The table is sorted by denomination and then by Friedberg number.
Jump up ^ When the information is available, the engraver's name has been added in parentheses. Column sorting is based on the individual depicted in the portrait.
Jump up ^ Variety is the Friedberg number, or specific combination of signatures and seal type; type represents all the varieties that exist for a given denomination and design, it is the total number of note known for the entire design type.
Jump up ^ Of the 5 known notes, 4 are in institutional collections.[24]
Jump up ^ Of the 4 known notes, 2 are in institutional collections.[24]
Jump up ^ None exist outside of institutional collections.[54]
Jump up ^ None exist outside of institutional collections.[54]
Notes[edit]
Jump up ^ Friedberg & Friedberg, 2013, pp. 232–35.
Jump up ^ Friedberg & Friedberg, 2013, p. 22.
Jump up ^ Newman, 2008, p. 326.
Jump up ^ Newman, 2008, p. 454.
Jump up ^ Newman, 2008, p. 455.
Jump up ^ Friedberg & Friedberg, 2013, p. 32.
Jump up ^ Fricke, 2014, p. 122 & 124.
Jump up ^ United States Congress. Act of July, 17 1861 Chapter Ⅴ. Washington D.C.: 1861
Jump up ^ "Large denominations". Bureau of Engraving and Printing/Treasury Website. Archived from the original on June 25, 2014. Retrieved June 20, 2014.
Jump up ^ Palmer, Brian (July 24, 2009). "Somebody Call Officer Crumb!: How much cash can a corrupt politician cram into a cereal box?". Slate.com. Retrieved July 24, 2012. As to "cereal boxes" as a repository for ill-gotten bribes compare "Little Tin Box" in the musical Fiorello!.
Jump up ^ our Treasury – FAQs: Denominations of Currency.
Jump up ^ refer to video transcripts
Jump up ^ Friedberg & Friedberg, 2013, generally.
Jump up ^ Friedberg, p. 7.
^ Jump up to: a b c Friedberg & Friedberg, 2013, p. 58.
Jump up ^ Friedberg & Friedberg, 2013, p. 72.
Jump up ^ Friedberg & Friedberg, 2013, p. 91.
Jump up ^ Friedberg & Friedberg, 2013, p. 164.
Jump up ^ Friedberg & Friedberg, 2013, p. 54.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i Hessler, 1993, pp. 71–73.
Jump up ^ Hessler, 2004, p. 36.
Jump up ^ Friedberg & Friedberg, 2013, p. 55.
^ Jump up to: a b Hessler, 2004, p. 38.
^ Jump up to: a b "Heritage Auctions (#3521) 2013 January 9–14 FUN Signature Auction". HA.com. Retrieved 24 June 2014.
Jump up ^ Hessler, 1993, p. 38.
^ Jump up to: a b c Hessler, 1993, p. 286.
Jump up ^ Friedberg & Friedberg, 2013, p. 61.
^ Jump up to: a b Friedberg & Friedberg, 2013, p. 89.
Jump up ^ Friedberg & Friedberg, 2013, p. 97.
Jump up ^ Hessler, 1993, p. 290.
^ Jump up to: a b c Hessler, 1993, p. 137.
Jump up ^ Friedberg & Friedberg, 2013, p. 109.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e Hessler, 1993, p. 265.
^ Jump up to: a b c d Hessler, 2004, p. 216.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j Friedberg & Friedberg, 2013, p. 165.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e Hessler, 1993, p. 114.
Jump up ^ Friedberg & Friedberg, 2013, p. 56.
Jump up ^ Friedberg & Friedberg, 2013, p. 57.
^ Jump up to: a b Hessler, 1993, p. 145.
^ Jump up to: a b Friedberg & Friedberg, 2013, p. 64.
Jump up ^ Friedberg & Friedberg, 2013, p. 66.
^ Jump up to: a b c Friedberg & Friedberg, 2013, pp. 89–90.
Jump up ^ Hessler, 2004, p. 95.
^ Jump up to: a b Friedberg & Friedberg, 2013, p. 98.
Jump up ^ Hessler, 1993, p. 180.
Jump up ^ Friedberg & Friedberg, 2013, p. 110.
^ Jump up to: a b c Hessler, 1993, p. 280.
Jump up ^ Hessler, 1993, p. 40.
^ Jump up to: a b Hessler, 2004, p. 219.
Jump up ^ Hessler, 2004, p. 39
Jump up ^ Hessler, 1993, p. 83.
^ Jump up to: a b Hessler, 1993, p. 99.
Jump up ^ Hessler, 2004, p. 200.
^ Jump up to: a b Friedberg & Friedberg, 2013, p. 159.
^ Jump up to: a b c d Hessler, 2004, p. 223.
Jump up ^ Hessler, 2004, p. 39.
Jump up ^ Hessler, 1993, p. 237.
Bibliography[edit]
Fricke, Pierre (2014). Collecting Confederate Paper Money. Pierre Fricke. ISBN 978-0-9844534-9-8.
Friedberg, Arthur L.; Friedberg, Ira S. (2013). Paper Money of the United States: A Complete Illustrated Guide With Valuations (20th ed.). Coin & Currency Institute. ISBN 978-0-87184-520-7. Retrieved 14 February 2014.
Hessler, Gene (1993). The Engraver's Line – An Encyclopedia of Paper Money & Postage Stamp Art. BNR Press. ISBN 0-931960-36-3.
Hessler, Gene (2004). U.S. Essay, Proof and Specimen Notes (2 ed.). BNR Press. ISBN 0-931960-62-2.
Huntoon, Peter W. (1995). United States Large Size National Bank Notes. Society of Paper Money Collectors, Inc. ISBN 0-9648774-1-4.
Newman, Eric P. (2008). The Early Paper Money of America (5 ed.). Krause Publications. ISBN 0-89689-326-X.
Schwartz, John; Lindquist, Scott (2011). Standard Guide to Small-Size U.S. Paper Money – 1928 to Date. Krause Publications. ISBN 978-1-4402-1703-6. Retrieved 14 February 2014.
External links[edit]
Media related to Money of the United States by denomination at Wikimedia Commons
Large Denominations from the Bureau of Engraving and Printing
U.S. Department of the Treasury
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values: $500 Legal Tender note, Series 1862–63, Fr.183c, depicting Albert Gallatin.

values: $500 Legal Tender note, Series 1869, Fr.184, depicting John Quincy Adams.

values: $500 Legal Tender note, Series 1874–78, Fr.185b, depicting Joseph Mansfield.

values: $500 Legal Tender note, Series 1880, Fr.185l, depicting Joseph Mansfield.

values: $500 Compound Interest Treasury Note, Series 1864, Fr.194a, depicting a soldier and a ship.

values: $500 Silver Certificate, Series 1878, Fr.345a, depicting Charles Sumner

values: $500 Silver Certificate, Series 1880, Fr.345c, depicting Charles Sumner

values: $500 Treasury note (1890–91) proof, Series 1891, unreported Friedberg number, depicting William Tecumseh Sherman.

values: $500 National Bank Note, Original Series, Fr.464, vignette depicting Civilization; Sirius arriving in New York (obv); Surrender of General Burgoyne (rev).

values: $500 Federal Reserve Note, Series 1918, Fr.1132d, depicting John Marshal.

values: $500 Gold Certificate, Series 1865, Fr.1166d, with a vignette of an eagle and shield (left).

values: $500 Gold Certificate, Series 1870, Fr.1166i, depicting Abraham Lincoln

values: $500 Gold Certificate, Series 1882, Fr.1216a, depicting Abraham Lincoln

values: $500 Federal Reserve Note, Series 1928, Fr.2200g, depicting William McKinley.

values: $500 Gold Certificate, Series 1928, Fr.2407, depicting William McKinley.

values: $1,000 Legal Tender note, Series 1862–63, Fr.186e, depicting Robert Morris.

values: $1,000 Legal Tender note, Series 1878, Fr.187a, depicting DeWitt Clinton.

values: $1,000 Legal Tender note, Series 1880, Fr.187k, depicting DeWitt Clinton.

values: $1,000 Interest Bearing Note, Series 1863, Fr.201, depicting vignettes of Justice and Liberty.

values: $1,000 Interest Bearing Note, Series 1863, Fr.206, depicting ships at battle and conquistadors.

values: $1000 Silver Certificate, Series 1878, Fr.346a, depicting William Marcy

values:
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values: $1000 Silver Certificate, Series 1880, Fr.346d, depicting William Marcy

values: $1000 Silver Certificate, Series 1891, Fr.346e, depicting William Marcy

values: $1,000 Treasury note (1890–91), Series 1890, Fr.379a, depicting George Meade.

values: $1,000 Treasury note (1890–91), Series 1891, Fr.379c, depicting George Meade.

values: $1,000 National Bank Note proof, Series 1875, Fr.465, vignette depicting (obv) Scott's entrance into Mexico City (rev) Washington surrendering his commission.

values: File:BEP-JONES-Scott Entering City of Mexico.jpg

values: File:BEP-DELNOCE & GIRSCH-Washington Resigning his Commission (Trumbull).jpg

values: $1,000 Federal Reserve Note, Series 1918, Fr.1133d, depicting Alexander Hamilton.

values: $1,000 Gold Certificate, Series 1865, Fr.1166e, with a vignette of an eagle and shield (left) and justice (bottom center).

values: $1,000 Gold Certificate proof, Series 1875, Fr.1166j, depicting Alexander Hamilton

values: $1,000 Gold Certificate, Series 1882, Fr.1218g, depicting Alexander Hamilton

values: $1,000 Gold Certificate, Series 1907, Fr.1219, depicting Alexander Hamilton

values: $1,000 Federal Reserve Note, Series 1928, Fr.2210g, depicting Grover Cleveland.

values: $1,000 Gold Certificate, Series 1928, Fr.2408, depicting Grover Cleveland.

values: $1,000 Gold Certificate, Series 1934, Fr.2409, depicting Grover Cleveland.

values: $5,000 Legal Tender note proof, Series 1878, Fr.188, depicting James Madison.

values: $5,000 Interest Bearing Note proof, Series 1863, Fr.202, with vignette Altar of Liberty.

values: File:BEP-DELNOCE-The Altar of Liberty.jpg

values: $5,000 Interest Bearing Note proof, Series 1865, Fr.212h, vignettes depicting justice (left) and the ship New Ironsides (center).

values: $5,000 Federal Reserve Note, Series 1918, Fr.1134d, depicting James Madison.

values: $5,000 Gold Certificate, Series 1865, Fr.1166f, with a vignette of an eagle and shield (left) and justice (bottom center).

values: $5,000 Gold Certificate proof, Series 1870, Fr.1166k, depicting James Madison

values: $5,000 Gold Certificate, Series 1882, Fr.1221a, depicting James Madison

values: $5,000 Federal Reserve Note, Series 1928, Fr.2220g, depicting James Madison.

values: $5,000 Gold Certificate, Series 1928, Fr.2410, depicting James Madison.

values: $10,000 Legal Tender note proof, Series 1878, Fr.189, depicting Anderw Jackson.

values: $10,000 Federal Reserve Note, Series 1918, Fr.1135d, depicting Salmon P. Chase.

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values: $10,000 Gold Certificate, Series 1865, Fr.1166g, with a vignette of an eagle and shield (left) and justice (bottom center).

values: $10,000 Gold Certificate proof, Series 1875, Fr.1166l, depicting Andrew Jackson

values: $10,000 Gold Certificate, Series 1882, Fr.1223a, depicting Andrew Jackson

values: $10,000 Gold Certificate, Series 1900, Fr.1225, depicting Andrew Jackson

values: $10,000 Federal Reserve Note, Series 1928, Fr.2230b, depicting Salmon P. Chase.

values: $10,000 Gold Certificate, Series 1928, Fr.2411, depicting Salmon P. Chase.

values: $10,000 Gold Certificate, Series 1934, Fr.2412, depicting Salmon P. Chase.

values: $100,000 Gold Certificate, Series 1934, Fr.2413, depicting Woodrow Wilson.

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