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Olympic Hymn
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Olympic Hymn
English: Olympic Anthem
Official and Olympic anthem of Olympic Games and the International Olympic Committee
Also known as
Greek: Ολυμπιακός Ύμνος
French: Hymne Olympique
Lyrics
Kostis Palamas
Music
Spyridon Samaras, 1896
Adopted
1958
Audio sample
The Olympic Hymn
file
help
v
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The Olympic Hymn (Greek: Ολυμπιακός Ύμνος, Olympiakós Ýmnos), also known informally as the Olympic Anthem, is a choral cantata by opera composer Spyridon Samaras (1861-1917), with lyrics by Greek poet Kostis Palamas. Both poet and composer were the choice of the Greek Demetrius Vikelas, who was the first President of the International Olympic Committee.
Contents
[hide]
1 History
2 Lyrics
3 Languages in which anthem was performed
4 See also
5 References
6 External links
History[edit]
The anthem was performed for the first time for the ceremony of opening of the first edition at the 1896 Summer Olympics in Athens, Greece. In the following years, every hosting nation commissioned to various musicians the composition of a specific Olympic hymn for their own edition of the games.
The anthem by Samaras and Palamas was declared the official Olympic Anthem by the International Olympic Committee in 1958 at the 54th Session of the IOC in Tokyo, Japan. Since 1960, it has been played at each Olympic Games: during the opening ceremony when the Olympic flag is hoisted, and during the closing ceremony when the Olympic flag is lowered.[1]
Lyrics[edit]
Original Greek
Transliterated into Latin alphabet
Αρχαίο Πνεύμα αθάνατο, αγνέ πατέρα
του ωραίου, του μεγάλου και του αληθινού,
Κατέβα, φανερώσου κι άστραψε εδώ πέρα
στη δόξα της δικής σου γης και τ' ουρανού.
Στο δρόμο και στο πάλεμα και στο λιθάρι
Στων ευγενών αγώνων λάμψε την ορμή
Και με το αμάραντο στεφάνωσε κλωνάρι
και σιδερένιο πλάσε και άξιο το κορμί. (δις)
Κάμποι, βουνά και θάλασσες φέγγουνε μαζί σου
σαν ένας λευκοπόρφυρος μέγας ναός.
Και τρέχει στο ναό εδώ προσκυνητής σου (δις)
Αρχαίο Πνεύμα αθάνατο, κάθε λαός. (δις)
Arkhéo Pnévma athánato, aghné patéra
tou oréou, tou meghálou ke tou alithinoú
Katéva, fanerósou ki ástrapse edhó péra
sti dhóksa tis dhikís sou ghis ke t'ouranoú.
Sto dhrómo ke sto pálema ke sto lithári
Ston evghenón aghónon lámpse tin ormí.
Ke me to amáranto stefánose klonári
ke sidherénio pláse ke áksio to kormí. (2x)
Kámpi, vouná ke thálasses féngoune mazí sou
san énas lefkopórfyros méghas naós
Ke trékhi sto naó edhó proskynitís sou (2x)
Arkhéo Pnévma athánato, káthe laós. (2x)
English translation (literal)
English translation (free)
O Ancient immortal Spirit, pure father
Of beauty, of greatness and of truth,
Descend, reveal yourself and flash like lightning here,
within the glory of your own earth and sky.
At running and at wrestling and at throwing,
Shine in the momentum of noble contests,
And crown with the unfading branch
And make the body worthy and ironlike. (2x)
Plains, mountains and seas glow with you
Like a white-and-purple great temple,
And hastens to the temple here - your pilgrim, (2x)
O Ancient immortal Spirit - every nation. (2x)
Immortal spirit of antiquity
Father of the true, beautiful and good
Descend, appear, shed over us thy light
Upon this ground and under this sky
Which has first witnessed thy unperishable fame
Give life and animation to these noble games!
Throw wreaths of fadeless flowers to the victors
In the race and in the strife
Create in our breasts, hearts of steel!
In thy light, plains, mountains and seas
Shine in a roseate hue and form a vast temple
To which all nations throng to adore thee
Oh immortal spirit of antiquity!
English sung version
Olympian flame immortal
Whose beacon lights our way
Emblaze our hearts with the fires of hope
On this momentous day
As now we come across the world
To share these Games of old
Let all the flags of every land
In brotherhood unfold
Sing out each nation, voices strong
Rise up in harmony
All hail our brave Olympians
With strains of victory
Olympic light burn on and on
O'er seas and mountains and plains
Unite, inspire, bring honor
To these ascending games
May valor reign victorious
Along the path of golden way
As tomorrow's new champions now come forth
Rising to the fervent spirit of the game
Let splendour pervade each noble deed
Crowned with glory and fame
And let fraternity and fellowship
Surround the soul of every nation
Oh flame, eternal in your firmament so bright
Illuminate us with your everlasting light
That grace and beauty and magnificence
Shine like the sun
Blazing above
Bestow on us your honor, truth and love
Note: This version, although often performed at opening/closing ceremonies, appears to enjoy far less exposure than the original. Hence its words may be determined only by listening to performances; correspondents will most probably disagree on the correct form. An alternate ending to the lyrics (used at the opening ceremony of the 1984 Los Angeles games) was "Bestow on us the wondrous prize of honor, truth and love."[2] and at the closing ceremony of the 2012 London games was to short the English lyrics to the ending.[clarification needed] This version was sung at the 2018 Pyeongchang Olympics.
French sung version
Esprit antique et éternel, créateur auguste
De la beauté, de la grandeur et de la vérité
Descends ici, parais, brille comme l'éclair,
Dans la gloire de la terre et de ton ciel.
Dans la course et la lutte et le poids
Des nobles jeux éclaire l'élan,
Prépare la couronne
Faite de la branche immortelle,
Et donne au corps la force
De l'acier et la dignité.
Les campagnes, les monts,
Les mers brillent autour de toi,
Comme un grand temple fait
De pourpre et de blancheur,
Et dans le temple ici accourent tous les peuples
Pour se prosterner devant toi,
Esprit antique et éternel.
If the anthem is to be performed in English, then the English sung version is used, which has been usually in English-speaking countries. If it is to be performed in a language other than English or Greek, then the original version is translated to the language it is to be performed but in the 2008 Beijing games, Greek was also sung instead of Chinese and in the 2016 Rio de Janeiro games, English was also sung instead of Portuguese. The only Olympic games in which lyrics of the English version were used in translation were the 2010 Winter Olympics in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. Donovan Seidle, associate music director during the games, arranged the anthem, translating some of the stanzas to French in recognition of the official bilingualism in Canada.[3][4][5]
Languages in which anthem was performed[edit]
The anthem has been recorded and performed in many different languages, usually as a result of the hosting of either form of the Games in various countries. The IOC doesn’t require that the anthem be performed in either English or Greek. But in the 2008 Olympic opening and closing ceremonies in Beijing, China, Greek was sung instead of the host country's official language, Mandarin. Also in the 2016 Olympic opening ceremonies in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, English was also sung instead of host country's official language, Portuguese.[4]
Olympics
City
Language Performed
Notes
1896 Summer Athens,
Greece Greek The anthem was performed for the first time at the opening ceremony.
1960 Winter Squaw Valley,
United States English This was the first time that the Olympic Hymn was performed since the Athens 1896 games.
1960 Summer Rome,
Italy Italian
1964 Winter Innsbruck,
Austria German
1964 Summer Tokyo,
Japan Instrumental (opening)
Japanese (closing) The anthem was sung in Japanese at the closing ceremony.[6]
1968 Winter Grenoble,
France French
1968 Summer Mexico City,
Mexico Spanish
1972 Winter Sapporo,
Japan Japanese
1972 Summer Munich,
West Germany Instrumental An instrumental arrangement was used during the opening and closing ceremonies.[7][8]
1976 Winter Innsbruck,
Austria German and Latin
1976 Summer Montreal,
Canada Greek The anthem was sung in Greek.[9]
1980 Winter Lake Placid,
United States English
1980 Summer Moscow,
Soviet Union Russian (opening)
Greek (closing) The anthem was sung in Russian at the opening ceremony then in Greek at the closing ceremony.[10]
1984 Winter Sarajevo,
Yugoslavia Serbo-Croatian
1984 Summer Los Angeles,
United States English
1988 Winter Calgary,
Canada Greek The anthem was sung in Greek.[11][12]
1988 Summer Seoul,
South Korea Korean
1992 Winter Albertville,
France Instrumental The instrumental version of the anthem was played.[13]
1992 Summer Barcelona,
Spain Catalan/French (opening)
Spanish, English (closing) At the opening ceremony, Alfredo Kraus sang the anthem's first two stanzas in Catalan and the rest of the anthem in Spanish and French.[14] At the closing ceremony, Plácido Domingo sang it in both Spanish and English lyrics.[15]
1994 Winter Lillehammer,
Norway Norwegian Sung at both the opening and closing ceremonies by Sissel Kyrkjebø with the Children's chorus.
1996 Summer Atlanta,
United States English Performed at the Opening Ceremony by the 300 voices of the Centennial Olympic Choir with the Atlanta Symphony Orchestra and at the Closing Ceremony by Jennifer Larmore and the Morehouse College Glee Club with the Atlanta Symphony Youth Orchestra.
1998 Winter Nagano,
Japan Japanese Performed by the Nagano Festival Orchestra and sung by the Nagano City Children's Chorus Group in Japanese.
2000 Summer Sydney,
Australia Greek (opening)
English (closing) These were the first Olympics until 2018 Winter Olympics in which the anthem was conducted in both languages preferred by the IOC.[4] At the opening ceremony, performed in Greek by the Millennium Choir of the Greek Orthodox Archdiocese of Australia with the Sydney Symphony Orchestra in recognition of the substantial Greek population of Australia.[16] At closing ceremony, performed in English by Australian soprano Yvonne Kenny.
2002 Winter Salt Lake City,
United States English Sung by the Mormon Tabernacle Choir at the Opening Ceremony and by Laura Garff-Lewis at the Closing Ceremony.
2004 Summer Athens,
Greece Greek In Greek; sung to the arrangement of John Psathas.[17]
2006 Winter Turin,
Italy Instrumental At these Olympics, an abbreviated version was performed at both the opening and closing ceremonies.[18]
2008 Summer Beijing,
China Greek The anthem was sung in Greek at both the opening ceremony and closing ceremony.[19]
2010 Winter Vancouver,
Canada English and French This was the only Olympics that the anthem was performed in both of the official languages of the Olympics. This was done to reflect the official bilingualism in Canada.[4] Measha Brueggergosman at the opening ceremony and Ben Heppner at the closing ceremony sang the first two, the fourth, and sixth stanzas in English and the remainder in French.[3]
2010 Youth Singapore Greek The anthem was sung in Greek.
2012 Youth Innsbruck,
Austria Instrumental The instrumental version of the anthem was played at both opening and closing ceremonies.
2012 Summer London,
United Kingdom Instrumental (opening)
English (closing) Instrumental version played in the opening ceremony by the London Symphony Orchestra and the Grimethorpe Colliery Band.[20] Sung in English at the closing ceremony by the London Welsh Male Voice Choir and the London Welsh Rugby Club choir with short lyrics.[21]
2014 Winter Sochi,
Russian Federation Russian (opening)
Instrumental (closing) Sung in Russian in the same translation as in the 1980 Summer Olympics in Moscow. It performed by Anna Netrebko with the Sretensky Monastery Male Choir at the opening ceremony. The Instrumental version which also played at the London 2012 Opening Ceremony by the London Symphony Orchestra and the Grimethorpe Colliery Band was used at the closing ceremony.
2014 Youth Nanjing,
China Instrumental The Instrumental version played at the London 2012 Opening Ceremony by the London Symphony Orchestra and the Grimethorpe Colliery Band was used at both the opening and closing ceremonies.
2016 Youth Lillehammer,
Norway Norwegian A choral version was sung in Norwegian at both opening and closing ceremonies using the same lyrics from the 1994 Winter Olympics[22]
2016 Summer Rio de Janeiro,
Brazil English The anthem was sung in English at both opening ceremony and closing ceremony by the More Project Youth Choir from Niteroi, a city from Rio de Janeiro Metropolitan Area.
2018 Winter Pyeongchang,
South Korea Greek (opening)
English (Closing) The first Olympics since 2000 Summer Olympics, in Sydney, Australia, and the only Winter Olympics so far in which the anthem was performed in both of the languages preferred by the IOC. It was performed in Greek by Sumi Hwang at the opening ceremony and in English by 11 year old Oh Yeon-joon at the closing ceremony.
2018 Youth Buenos Aires,
Argentina Spanish (Opening)
Greek (Closing)
2020 Youth Lausanne,
Switzerland
2020 Summer Tokyo,
Japan
2022 Winter Beijing,
China
2024 Summer Paris,
France
2028 Summer Los Angeles,
United States
See also[edit]
Olympic symbols
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "Olympic Anthem Symbolism" (PDF). LA84 Foundation.
Jump up ^ Olympic Anthem Los Angeles 1984 Opening Ceremony (video).
^ Jump up to: a b Measha Sings the Olympic Hymn.mp4 (video).
^ Jump up to: a b c d Lederman, Marsha (17 February 2010). "More French in Closing Ceremonies, Executive Producer Says". The Globe and Mail. p. S1.
Jump up ^ Dave Pierce, Donovan Seidle (2010). Sounds of Vancouver 2010: Opening Ceremony Commemorative Album (CD).
Jump up ^ Tokyo Olympiad Closing Ceremony digest (video). 4:38-5:14 minutes in.
Jump up ^ Olympische Hymne 72 Olympic anthem 1972 (video).
Jump up ^ Olympische Spiele München 1972: Schlussfeier (video).
Jump up ^ Montreal 1976 Olympics Music - Olympic Hymn (video).
Jump up ^ 1980 Olympic Closing Ceremony – Part IV Olympic Anthem & Extinguishing of the Flame (video).
Jump up ^ 1988 Winter Olympics Opening Ceremony Part 22 (video).
Jump up ^ 1988 Winter Olympics Opening Ceremony Part 23 (video).
Jump up ^ drapeau et flamme olympiques / Albertville '92 (video).
Jump up ^ Barcelona 1992 Opening Ceremony – Entrance of Olympic Flag – Olympic Anthem (video).
Jump up ^ Placido Domingo – Olimpic Closing Ceremony Barcelona 1992 on YouTube
Jump up ^ The Olympic Hymn (video).
Jump up ^ Olympic Anthem Athens 2004 (video).
Jump up ^ Olympic Anthem and Torino 2006 Anthem Claudio Baglioni 2006 (video).
Jump up ^ Olympics Beijing 2008 – Hasteamento da bandeira olímpica – Pequim 2008 (video).
Jump up ^ Opening Ceremony - London 2012 Olympic Games (video).
Jump up ^ London Hand Over To Rio (Raising Of The Flags) - Closing Ceremony | London 2012 Olympics (video).
Jump up ^ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BkvUckI-WH8&t=57m48s
External links[edit]
The original score of the Olympic Hymn, transcribed at Wikisource
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text:
USS Bonhomme Richard (1765)
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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For other ships with the same name, see USS Bonhomme Richard.
History
United States
Name: Bonhomme Richard
Builder: French East India Company
Laid down: 1765
Launched: 1766[1]
Acquired: 4 February 1779
In service: 4 February 1779
Out of service: 25 September 1779[1]
Fate: Sunk
General characteristics
Tonnage: 998
Length: 152 ft (46 m)[1]
Beam: 40 ft (12 m)[1]
Draft: 19 ft (5.8 m)[1]
Propulsion: Sail
Complement: 380 officers and enlisted[1]
Armament:
28 × 12-pound smoothbore
6 × 18-pound smoothbore
8 × 9-pound smoothbore[1]
Bonhomme Richard, formerly Duc de Duras, was a warship in the Continental Navy. She was originally an East Indiaman, a merchant ship built in France for the French East India Company in 1765, for service between France and the Orient. She was placed at the disposal of John Paul Jones on 4 February 1779, by King Louis XVI of France as a result of a loan to the United States by French shipping magnate, Jacques-Donatien Le Ray.
Contents
[hide]
1 Origin
2 First patrols
3 Battle of Flamborough Head
4 Search for the wreck
5 See also
6 References
7 External links
Origin[edit]
Bonhomme Richard was originally an East Indiaman named Duc de Duras, a merchant ship built at Lorient according to the plan drawn up by the King's Master Shipwright Antoine Groignard for the French East India Company in 1765. Her design allowed her to be quickly transformed into a man-of-war in case of necessity to support the navy. She made two voyages to China, the first in 1766 and the second in 1769. At her return the French East India Company had been dissolved, and all its installations and ships transferred to the French Navy. As a naval ship she made a voyage to Isle de France before being sold to private shipowners in 1771.[2] She sailed in private service until she was purchased by King Louis XVI of France in early 1779 and placed under the command of John Paul Jones on 4 February.[3] The size and armament of Duc de Duras made her roughly equivalent to half of a 64-gun ship of the line.[4]
Jones renamed her Bon Homme Richard (usually rendered in more correct French as Bonhomme Richard) in honor of Benjamin Franklin, the American Commissioner at Paris whose Poor Richard's Almanac was published in France under the title Les Maximes du Bonhomme Richard.[1]
First patrols[edit]
On 19 June 1779, Bonhomme Richard sailed from Lorient accompanied by USS Alliance, Pallas, Vengeance, and Cerf with troop transports and merchant vessels under convoy to Bordeaux and to cruise against the British in the Bay of Biscay. Forced to return to port for repair, the squadron sailed again 14 August 1779. It went northwest around the west coast of the British Isles into the North Sea and then down the east coast. The squadron took 16 merchant vessels as prizes.
Battle of Flamborough Head[edit]
Further information: Battle of Flamborough Head
Bonhomme Richard on fire
On 23 September 1779, the squadron encountered the Baltic Fleet of 41 sail under convoy of the HMS Serapis and HM hired armed vessel Countess of Scarborough near Flamborough Head. The Bonhomme Richard and Serapis entered a bitter engagement at about 6:00 p.m. The battle continued for the next four hours, costing the lives of nearly half of the American and British crews. British victory seemed inevitable, as the more heavily armed Serapis used its firepower to rake Bonhomme Richard with devastating effect. The commander of the Serapis finally called on Jones to surrender. He replied, "Sir, I have not yet begun to fight!" Jones eventually managed to lash the ships together, nullifying his opponent's greater maneuverability and allowing him to take advantage of the larger size and considerably more numerous crew of Bonhomme Richard. An attempt by the Americans to board Serapis was repulsed, as was an attempt by the British to board Bonhomme Richard. Finally, after another of Jones's ships joined the fight, the British captain was forced to surrender at about 10:30 p.m. The Bonhomme Richard – shattered, on fire, leaking badly – defied all efforts to save her and sank about 36 hours later at 11:00 a.m. on Saturday, 25 September 1779. Jones sailed the captured Serapis to the Dutch United Provinces for repairs.
Though the Bonhomme Richard sank after the battle, the battle's outcome was one of the factors that convinced the French crown to back the colonies in their fight to become independent of British authority.
Search for the wreck[edit]
Bonhomme Richard's final resting location is the subject of much speculation. A number of unsuccessful efforts have been conducted to locate the wreck. The location is presumed to be in approximately 180 feet (55 m) of water off Flamborough Head, Yorkshire, a headland near where her final battle took place. The quantity of other wrecks in the area and a century of fishing trawler operations have complicated all searches.
One season's attempts to locate and retrieve the ship, or some artifacts from her, using USNS Grasp were filmed for the Discovery Channel's Mighty Ships series in 2011.[5] The U.S. Navy's mission was unsuccessful.
See also[edit]
Serapis flag
References[edit]
Notes
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h "Bonhomme Richard". Dictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships. Navy Department, Naval History and Heritage Command. Retrieved 30 May 2010.
Jump up ^ "Le Duc de Duras." Archeologie & Modelisme d'Arsenal. Retrieved 2017-03-26.
Jump up ^ Hill (1905), pp. 23–24.
Jump up ^ LE BONHOMME-RICHARD, Échelle 1/48 par Pierre et Jacques Maillière, Commentaires G.D.
Jump up ^ "Grasp hunts for John Paul Jones' ship". www.msc.navy.mil. October 1, 2011.
Sources
This article incorporates text from the public domain Dictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships.
Bibliography
Allen, Gardner Weld (1913). A Naval History of the American Revolution. II. Boston, New York: Houghton Mifflin. OCLC 2613121.
Beach, Edward L. (1986). The United States Navy 200 Years. New York: H. Holt. ISBN 978-0-03-044711-2. OCLC 12104038.
Cooper, James Fenimore (1856). History of the Navy of the United States of America. New York: Stringer & Townsend. OCLC 197401914.
Hill, Frederic Stanhope (1905). Twenty-Six Historic Ships. New York and London: G.P. Putnam's Sons. OCLC 1667284.
Maclay, Edgar Stanton; Smith, Roy Campbell (1898) [1893]. A History of the United States Navy, from 1775 to 1898. 1 (New ed.). New York: D. Appleton. OCLC 609036.
"Navy Searches for John Paul Jones' Ship". Navy News Service. 11 September 2010. Retrieved 14 September 2010.
Ryan, Melisa (Fall–Winter 2006). "Recapturing the Unsinkable Spirit of the Bonhomme Richard" (PDF). Wrack Lines Magazine. Groton: Connecticut Sea Grant. 6 (2). ISSN 2151-2825. OCLC 48206014. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2010-07-07.
Smith, Roff (August 2008). "The Ghost Ship of Filey Bay". National Geographic. Washington, D.C.: National Geographic Society. ISSN 0027-9358. OCLC 6451257.
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to USS Bonhomme Richard (1765).
Detailed Plank on Frame wooden model of the Bonhomme Richard
Search for the Bonhomme Richard Clive Cussler recounts his elusive search for the Bonhomme Richard.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=USS_Bonhomme_Richard_(1765)&oldid=827621055"
Categories:
Ships of the Continental Navy
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1779 in England
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History of Yorkshire
Hidden categories:
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