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Prime Minister of Australia
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This article is about the office of the Prime Minister of Australia. For a list of Australian Prime Ministers, see List of Prime Ministers of Australia.
Prime Minister of Australia
Commonwealth Coat of Arms
Incumbent
Malcolm Turnbull
since 15 September 2015
Government of Australia
Department of the Prime Minister and Cabinet
Style
The Honourable
(formal)
Prime Minister
(spoken)
His/Her Excellency
(in international correspondence)[1]
Member of
Cabinet
National Security Committee
Federal Executive Council
Reports to
Parliament, Governor-General
Residence
The Lodge
Kirribilli House
Seat
Canberra
Appointer
Governor-General of Australia
by convention, based on appointee's ability to command confidence in the House of Representatives[2]
Term length
At the Governor-General's pleasure
contingent on the Prime Minister's ability to command confidence in the lower house of Parliament[3]
Inaugural holder
Edmund Barton
Formation
1 January 1901
Deputy
Michael McCormack
Salary
$527,852 (AUD)
Website
pm.gov.au
The Prime Minister of Australia (sometimes informally abbreviated to PM) is the head of government of Australia. The individual who holds the office is the most senior Minister of the Crown, the leader of the Cabinet and the chairperson of the National Security Committee. The Prime Minister also has the responsibility of administering the Department of the Prime Minister and Cabinet. The office is not mentioned in the Constitution of Australia and exists only through longstanding political convention and tradition. The individual who holds the office is commissioned by the Governor-General of Australia and at the Governor-General's pleasure subject to the Constitution of Australia.
Almost always and according to convention, the Prime Minister is the leader of the majority party or largest party in a coalition of parties in the House of Representatives and continues to be so as long as they command the confidence of this House. Some commentators argue that the Governor General may also dismiss a Prime Minister who is unable to pass the government's supply bill through both houses of parliament, including the Australian Senate, where the government doesn't normally command the majority, as happened in the 1975 constitutional crisis. Other commentators argue that the Governor General acted improperly in 1975 as Whitlam still retained the confidence of the House of Representatives, and there are no generally accepted conventions to guide the use of the Governor General's reserve powers in this circumstance.[4] . However, there is no constitutional requirement that the Prime Minister sit in the House of Representatives, or even be a member of the federal parliament (subject to a constitutionally prescribed limit of three months), though by convention this is always the case. The only case where a member of the Senate was appointed Prime Minister was John Gorton, who subsequently resigned his Senate position and was elected as a member of the House of Representatives (Senator George Pearce was acting Prime Minister for seven months in 1916 while Billy Hughes was overseas; and Senator Mathias Cormann acted for a few days in February 2018 while Malcolm Turnbull was overseas).[5][6]
Malcolm Turnbull has held the office of Prime Minister since 15 September 2015. He received his commission after replacing Tony Abbott as the leader of the Liberal Party, the dominant party in the Coalition government, following the outcome of the September 2015 Liberal leadership ballot.[7]
Contents
[hide]
1 Constitutional basis and appointment
2 Powers and role
3 Privileges of office
3.1 Salary
3.2 Allowances
3.3 After office
4 Acting and interim Prime Ministers
5 Former Prime Ministers
6 Ages
7 List and timeline
8 See also
9 Notes
10 References
11 Further reading
12 External links
Constitutional basis and appointment[edit]
Australia
This article is part of a series on the
politics and government of
Australia
Constitution[show]
Constitution of Australia
Statute of Westminster Adoption Act
Australia Act
The Crown[show]
Monarch: Elizabeth II
Governor-General: Sir Peter Cosgrove
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Prime Minister: Malcolm Turnbull
Deputy Prime Minister: Barnaby Joyce
Federal Executive Council
Ministry
Current (71st)
Cabinet
Legislature[show]
Parliament
Senate
President: Scott Ryan
House of Representatives
Speaker: Tony Smith
Opposition
Leader: Bill Shorten
Shadow Ministry
Judiciary[show]
High Court
Lower Courts
Laws of Australia
Elections[show]
Federal electoral system
Electoral divisions
Political parties
Recent elections
Federal: 2016
2013
2010
Federal by-elections
Referendums
States and territories[show]
Governors and Administrators
Premiers and Chief Ministers
Parliaments and Assemblies
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State electoral systems
Local government[show]
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v
t
e
Australia's first Prime Minister, Edmund Barton at the central table in the House of Representatives in 1901.
The Prime Minister of Australia is appointed by the Governor-General of Australia under Section 64 of the Australian Constitution, which empowers the Governor-General, as the official representative of the monarch, to appoint government ministers of state and requires them to be members of the House of Representatives or the Senate, or become members within three months of the appointment. The Prime Minister and Treasurer are traditionally members of the House, but the Constitution does not have such a requirement.[8] Before being sworn in as a Minister of the Crown, a person must first be sworn in as a member of the Federal Executive Council if they are not already a member. Membership of the Federal Executive Council entitles the member to the style of The Honourable (usually abbreviated to The Hon) for life, barring exceptional circumstances. The senior members of the Executive Council constitute the Cabinet of Australia.
The Prime Minister is, like other ministers, normally sworn in by the Governor-General and then presented with the commission (Letters patent) of office. When defeated in an election, or on resigning, the Prime Minister is said to "hand in the commission" and actually does so by returning it to the Governor-General. In the event of a Prime Minister dying in office, or becoming incapacitated, or for other reasons, the Governor-General can terminate the commission. Ministers hold office "during the pleasure of the Governor-General" (s. 64 of the Constitution of Australia), so theoretically, the Governor-General can dismiss a minister at any time, by notifying them in writing of the termination of their commission; however, their power to do so except on the advice of the Prime Minister is heavily circumscribed by convention.
Despite the importance of the office of Prime Minister, the Constitution does not mention the office by name. The conventions of the Westminster system were thought to be sufficiently entrenched in Australia by the authors of the Constitution that it was deemed unnecessary to detail them. The formal title of the portfolio has always been simply "Prime Minister", except for the period of the Fourth Deakin Ministry (June 1909 to April 1910), when it was known as "Prime Minister (without portfolio)".[9]
If a government cannot get its appropriation (budget) legislation passed by the House of Representatives, or the House passes a vote of "no confidence" in the government, the Prime Minister is bound by convention to immediately advise the Governor-General to dissolve the House of Representatives and hold a fresh election.
Following a resignation in other circumstances, or the death of a Prime Minister, the governor-general will generally appoint as Prime Minister the person elected as leader by the governing party or, in the case of a coalition, the senior party in the coalition. There have been four notable exceptions to this:
When Joseph Lyons, Prime Minister and leader of the United Australia Party (UAP), died suddenly in April 1939, the governor-general, Lord Gowrie, called on Sir Earle Page to become caretaker Prime Minister. Page was the leader of the smaller party in the governing coalition, the Country Party. He held the office for three weeks until the UAP elected a new leader, Robert Menzies.
In August 1941 Menzies resigned as Prime Minister. The UAP was so bereft of leadership at this time that the Country Party leader Arthur Fadden was invited to become Prime Minister, although the Country Party was the smaller of the two coalition parties. The government depended on support from two independents, who two months later voted against Fadden's budget and brought the government down, paving the way for John Curtin to be appointed as Labor Prime Minister.
In July 1945 John Curtin died suddenly. His deputy, Frank Forde, was sworn in the next day as Prime Minister, although the Labor Party had not had an opportunity to meet and elect a new leader. Forde served for eight days until Ben Chifley was elected leader. Chifley was then sworn in, replacing Forde, who became Australia's shortest-serving Prime Minister.
Harold Holt disappeared while swimming on 17 December 1967 and was declared presumed dead on 19 December. The governor-general, Lord Casey, commissioned the Leader of the Country Party, John McEwen, to form a government until the Liberal Party elected a new leader. McEwen was Prime Minister for 23 days, until the election of (then Senator) John Gorton.
Excluding the brief transition periods during changes of government or leadership elections, there have only been a handful of cases where someone other than the leader of the majority party in the House of Representatives was Prime Minister:
Federation occurred on 1 January 1901, but elections for the first parliament were not scheduled until late March. In the interim, an unelected caretaker government was necessary. In what is now known as the Hopetoun Blunder, the governor-general, Lord Hopetoun, invited Sir William Lyne, the premier of the most populous state, New South Wales, to form a government. Lyne was unable to do so and returned his commission in favour of Edmund Barton, who became the first Prime Minister and led the inaugural government into and beyond the election.
During the second parliament, three parties (Free Trade, Protectionist and Labor) had roughly equal representation in the House of Representatives. The leaders of the three parties, Alfred Deakin, George Reid and Chris Watson each served as Prime Minister before losing a vote of confidence.
As a result of the Labor Party's split over conscription, Billy Hughes and his supporters were expelled from the Labor Party in November 1916. He subsequently continued on as prime minister at the head of the new National Labor Party, which had only 14 members out of a total of 75 in the House of Representatives. The Commonwealth Liberal Party – despite still forming the Official Opposition – provided confidence and supply until February 1917, when the two parties agree to merge and form the Nationalist Party.
During the 1975 constitutional crisis, on 11 November 1975, the governor-general, Sir John Kerr, dismissed the Labor Party's Gough Whitlam as Prime Minister. Despite Labor holding a majority in the House of Representatives, Kerr appointed the Leader of the Opposition, Liberal leader Malcolm Fraser as caretaker Prime Minister, conditional on the passage of the Whitlam government's Supply bills through the Senate and the calling of an election for both houses of parliament. Fraser accepted these terms and immediately advised a double dissolution. An election was called for 13 December, which the Liberal Party won in its own right (although the Liberals governed in a coalition with the Country Party).
Powers and role[edit]
The first Prime Minister of Australia, Edmund Barton (sitting second from left), with his Cabinet, 1901.
Most of the Prime Minister's powers derive from being head of Government. In practice, the Federal Executive Council will act to ratify all decisions made by the cabinet and decisions of the cabinet will always require the support of the Prime Minister. The powers of the governor-general to grant Royal Assent to legislation, to dissolve and prorogue parliament, to call elections and to make appointments are exercised on the advice of the Prime Minister.
The Prime Minister is also the responsible minister for the Department of the Prime Minister and Cabinet, which is tasked with supporting the policy agendas of the Prime Minister and Cabinet through policy advice and the coordination of the implementation of key government programs, to manage Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander policy and programs and to promote reconciliation, to provide leadership for the Australian Public Service alongside the Australian Public Service Commission, to oversee the honours and symbols of the Commonwealth, to provide support to ceremonies and official visits, to set whole of government service delivery policy, and to coordinate national security, cyber, counterterrorism, regulatory reform, cities, population, data, and women's policy.[10]
The formal power to appoint the Governor-General lies with the Queen of Australia, but this appointment is done on the formal advice of the Prime Minister. By convention, this advice is provided by the Prime Minister alone, and thus the appointment is effectively the Prime Minister's personal choice. The Prime Minister may also advise the monarch to dismiss the Governor-General, though it remains unclear how quickly the monarch would act on such advice in a constitutional crisis. This uncertainty, and the possibility of a "race" between the Governor-General and Prime Minister to sack the other, was a key question in the 1975 constitutional crisis.
The power of the Prime Minister is subject to a number of limitations. Prime Ministers removed as leader of their party, or whose government loses a vote of no-confidence in the House of Representatives, are expected to advise an election of the lower house or resign the office. If they fail to do this they will be dismissed by the Governor-General.[11]
The Prime Minister's party will normally have a majority in the House of Representatives and party discipline is exceptionally strong in Australian politics, so passage of the government's legislation through the House of Representatives is mostly a formality. Attaining the support of the Senate can be more difficult as government usually lacks an absolute majority because the Senate's representation is based on overall proportion of votes and often includes minor parties.
Privileges of office[edit]
Salary[edit]
Prime Ministerial salary history
Effective date
Salary
2 June 1999 $289,270
6 September 2006 $309,270
1 July 2007 $330,356
1 October 2009 $340,704[12]
1 August 2010 $354,671[13]
1 July 2011 $366,366
1 December 2011 $440,000
15 March 2012 $481,000[14]
1 July 2012 $495,430[15]
1 July 2013 $507,338[16]
1 January 2016 $517,504[17]
1 July 2017 $527,852[18]
On 1 July 2017, the Australian Government's Remuneration Tribunal adjusted the Prime Ministerial salary, raising it to its current amount of $527,852.[18]
Allowances[edit]
Prime Ministers Curtin, Fadden, Hughes, Menzies and Governor-General The Duke of Gloucester 2nd from left, in 1945.
Whilst in office, the Prime Minister has two official residences. The primary official residence is The Lodge in Canberra. Most Prime Ministers have chosen The Lodge as their primary residence because of its security facilities and close proximity to Parliament House. There have been some exceptions, however. James Scullin preferred to live at the Hotel Canberra (now the Hyatt Hotel) and Ben Chifley lived in the Hotel Kurrajong. More recently, John Howard used the Sydney Prime Ministerial residence, Kirribilli House, as his primary accommodation. On her appointment on 24 June 2010, Julia Gillard said she would not be living in The Lodge until such time as she was returned to office by popular vote at the next general election. (She became Prime Minister mid-term after replacing the incumbent, Kevin Rudd, who resigned in the face of an unwinnable party-room ballot.) During his first term, Rudd had a staff at The Lodge consisting of a senior chef and an assistant chef, a child carer, one senior house attendant, and two junior house attendants. At Kirribilli House in Sydney, there is one full-time chef and one full-time house attendant.[19] The official residences are fully staffed and catered for both the Prime Minister and their family. In addition, both have extensive security facilities. These residences are regularly used for official entertaining, such as receptions for Australian of the Year finalists.
The Prime Minister receives a number of transport amenities for official business. The Royal Australian Air Force's No. 34 Squadron transports the Prime Minister within Australia and overseas by specially converted Boeing Business Jets and smaller Challenger aircraft. The aircraft contain secure communications equipment as well as an office, conference room and sleeping compartments. The call-sign for the aircraft is "Envoy". For ground travel, the Prime Minister is transported in an armoured BMW 7 Series model. It is referred to as "C-1", or Commonwealth One, because of its licence plate. It is escorted by police vehicles from state and federal authorities.[20]
After office[edit]
Prime Ministers are usually granted certain privileges after leaving office, such as office accommodation, staff assistance, and a Life Gold Pass, which entitles the holder to travel within Australia for "non-commercial" purposes at government expense.
Only one Prime Minister who had left the Federal Parliament ever returned. Stanley Bruce was defeated in his own seat in 1929 while Prime Minister, but was re-elected to parliament in 1931. Other Prime Ministers were elected to parliaments other than the Australian federal parliament: Sir George Reid was elected to the UK House of Commons (after his term as High Commissioner to the UK); and Frank Forde was re-elected to the Queensland Parliament (after his term as High Commissioner to Canada, and a failed attempt to re-enter the Federal Parliament).
Privileges of office
The Lodge
Kirribilli House
Prime Ministerial car
Official aircraft
Acting and interim Prime Ministers[edit]
From time to time Prime Ministers are required to leave the country on government business and a deputy acts in their place during that time. In the days before jet aircraft, such absences could be for extended periods. For example, William Watt was acting prime Minister for 16 months, from April 1918 until August 1919, when Prime Minister Billy Hughes was away at the Paris Peace Conference,[21] and Senator George Pearce was acting Prime Minister for more than seven months in 1916.[22] An acting Prime Minister is also appointed when the prime minister takes leave. The Deputy Prime Minister most commonly becomes acting Prime Minister in those circumstances.
Three Prime Ministers have died in office – Joseph Lyons (1939), John Curtin (1945) and Harold Holt (1967) – and Robert Menzies resigned as Prime Minister in 1941. In each of these cases the Deputy Prime Minister (an unofficial office at the time) became an interim Prime Minister, pending an election of a new leader of the government party. In none of these cases was the interim Prime Minister successful at the subsequent election.
Former Prime Ministers[edit]
As of April 2018, there are six living former Australian Prime Ministers.[23]
Bob Hawke
In office: 1983–1991
Age: 88
Paul Keating
In office: 1991–1996
Age: 74
John Howard
In office: 1996–2007
Age: 78
Kevin Rudd
In office: 2007–2010; 13
Age: 60
Julia Gillard
In office: 2010–2013
Age: 56
Tony Abbott,
In office: 2013–2015
Age: 60
The greatest number of living former Prime Ministers at any one time was eight. This has occurred twice:
Between 7 October 1941 (when John Curtin succeeded Arthur Fadden) and 18 November 1941 (when Chris Watson died), the eight living former Prime Ministers were Bruce, Cook, Fadden, Hughes, Menzies, Page, Scullin and Watson.
Between 13 July 1945 (when Ben Chifley succeeded Frank Forde) and 30 July 1947 (when Sir Joseph Cook died), the eight living former Prime Ministers were Bruce, Cook, Fadden, Forde, Hughes, Menzies, Page and Scullin.
Of the other Prime Ministers, Ben Chifley died only one year and six months after leaving the Prime Ministership and Alfred Deakin lived another nine years and five months.[24]
All the others who have left office have lived at least another 10 years. Nine of them (Bruce, Cook, Fadden, Forde, Fraser, Gorton, Hughes, Watson, and Whitlam) lived more than 25 years after leaving the office, and all but one of them have survived longer than 30 years (Hughes lived for 29 years and 8 months following service). Bob Hawke, who is, as of 2017[update], still alive, has also lived 25 years beyond the end of his prime ministership.
The longest-surviving was Gough Whitlam, who lived 38 years and 11 months after office, surpassing Stanley Bruce's previous record of 37 years and 10 months after leaving the office.[25]
Ages[edit]
Four Australian prime ministers – Forde, Curtin, Menzies, and Hughes – at a meeting of the Advisory War Council in 1940.
The three youngest people when they first became Prime Minister were:
Chris Watson – 37[26]
Stanley Bruce – 39[27]
Robert Menzies – 44[28]
The three oldest people when they first became Prime Minister were:
John McEwen – 67[29]
William McMahon – 63[30]
Malcolm Turnbull – 60
The three youngest people to last leave the office of Prime Minister were:
Chris Watson – 37
Arthur Fadden – 46 years 5 months 22 days[31]
Stanley Bruce – 46 years 6 months 7 days
The three oldest people to last leave the office of Prime Minister were:
Robert Menzies – 71
John Howard – 68
John McEwen – 67
List and timeline[edit]
Main article: List of Prime Ministers of Australia
The longest-serving Prime Minister was Sir Robert Menzies, who served in office twice: from 26 April 1939 to 28 August 1941, and again from 19 December 1949 to 26 January 1966. In total Robert Menzies spent 18 years, 5 months and 12 days in office. He served under the United Australia Party and the Liberal Party respectively.
The shortest-serving Prime Minister was Frank Forde, who was appointed to the position on 6 July 1945 after the death of John Curtin, and served until 13 July 1945 when Ben Chifley was elected leader of the Australian Labor Party.
Parties
Australian Labor Party Liberal Party of Australia Australian Country Party Nationalist Party of Australia United Australia Party Commonwealth Liberal Party National Labor Party Free Trade Party Protectionist Party
No.
Name
(birth–death)
Portrait
Party
Term of office
Electorate served
Elections won
Ministry
Ref
1
Sir Edmund Barton
(1849–1920) Protectionist 1 January
1901 24 September
1903 Hunter, NSW,
1901–1903 (resigned) 1901 Barton [32]
2
Alfred Deakin
(1856–1919) Protectionist 24 September
1903 27 April
1904 Ballaarat, Vic,[Note 1]
1901–1913 (retired) 1903 1st Deakin [33]
3
Chris Watson
(1867–1941) Labour 27 April
1904 18 August
1904 Bland, NSW,
1901–1906
South Sydney, NSW,
1906–1910 (retired) — Watson [26]
4
George Reid
(1845–1918) Free Trade 18 August
1904 5 July
1905 East Sydney, NSW,
1901–1909 (resigned) — Reid [34]
(2)
Alfred Deakin
(1856–1919) Protectionist 5 July
1905 13 November
1908 Ballaarat, Vic,[Note 1]
1901–1913 (retired) — 2nd Deakin
1906 3rd Deakin
5
Andrew Fisher
(1862–1928) Labour 13 November
1908 2 June
1909 Wide Bay, Qld,
1901–1915 (resigned) — 1st Fisher [35]
(2)
Alfred Deakin
(1856–1919) Commonwealth Liberal 2 June
1909 29 April
1910 Ballaarat, Vic,[Note 1]
1901–1913 (retired) — 4th Deakin
(5)
Andrew Fisher
(1862–1928) Labor 29 April
1910 24 June
1913 Wide Bay, Qld,
1901–1915 (resigned) 1910 2nd Fisher
6
Joseph Cook
(1860–1947) Commonwealth Liberal 24 June
1913 17 September
1914 Parramatta, NSW,
1901–1921 (resigned) 1913 Cook [36]
(5)
Andrew Fisher
(1862–1928) Labor 17 September
1914 27 October
1915 Wide Bay, Qld,
1901–1915 (resigned) 1914 3rd Fisher
Billy Hughes
(1862–1952) Labor 27 October
1915 14 November
1916 West Sydney, NSW,
1901–1917
Bendigo, Vic,
1917–1922
North Sydney, NSW,
1922–1949
Bradfield, NSW,
1949–1952 (died) — 1st Hughes [37]
7
National Labor 14 November
1916 17 February
1917 — 2nd Hughes
Nationalist 17 February
1917 9 February
1923 — 3rd Hughes
1917 4th Hughes
1919 5th Hughes
8
Stanley Bruce
(1883–1967) Nationalist
(Coalition) 9 February
1923 22 October
1929 Flinders, Vic,
1918–1929 (defeated) ;
1931–1933 (resigned) 1922 1st Bruce [27]
1925 2nd Bruce
1928 3rd Bruce
9
James Scullin
(1876–1953) Labor 22 October
1929 6 January
1932 Corangamite, Vic,
1910–1913 (defeated)
Yarra, Vic,
1922–1949 (retired) 1929 Scullin [38]
10
Joseph Lyons
(1879–1939) United Australia
(Coalition) 6 January
1932 7 April
1939† Wilmot, Tas,
1929–1939 (died) 1931 1st Lyons [39]
1934 2nd Lyons
— 3rd Lyons
1937 4th Lyons
11
Sir Earle Page
(1880–1961) Country
(Coalition) 7 April
1939 26 April
1939 Cowper, NSW
1919–1961 (defeated) — Page [40]
12
Robert Menzies
(1894–1978) United Australia
(Coalition) 26 April
1939 28 August
1941 Kooyong, Vic,
1934–1966 (resigned) — 1st Menzies [28]
2nd Menzies
1940 3rd Menzies
13
Arthur Fadden
(1894–1973) Country
(Coalition) 28 August
1941 7 October
1941 Darling Downs, Qld
1936–1949
McPherson, Qld
1949–1958 (retired) — Fadden [31]
14
John Curtin
(1885–1945) Labor 7 October
1941 5 July
1945† Fremantle, WA,
1928–1931 (defeated) ;
1934–1945 (died) — 1st Curtin
1943 2nd Curtin
15
Frank Forde
(1890–1983) Labor 6 July
1945 13 July
1945 Capricornia, Qld,
1922–1946 (defeated) — Forde
16
Ben Chifley
(1885–1951) Labor 13 July
1945 19 December
1949 Macquarie, NSW,
1928–1931 (defeated) ;
1940–1951 (died) — 1st Chifley
1946 2nd Chifley
(12)
Sir Robert Menzies
(1894–1978) Liberal
(Coalition) 19 December
1949 26 January
1966 Kooyong, Vic,
1934–1966 (resigned) 1949 4th Menzies
1951 5th Menzies
1954 6th Menzies
1955 7th Menzies
1958 8th Menzies
1961 9th Menzies
1963 10th Menzies
17
Harold Holt
(1908–1967) Liberal
(Coalition) 26 January
1966 19 December
1967† Fawkner, Vic,
1935–1949
Higgins, Vic,
1949–1967 (disappeared) — 1st Holt
1966 2nd Holt
18
John McEwen
(1900–1980) Country
(Coalition) 19 December
1967 10 January
1968 Echuca, Vic,
1934–1937
Indi, Vic,
1937–1949
Murray, Vic,
1949–1971 (resigned) — McEwen
19
John Gorton
(1911–2002) Liberal
(Coalition) 10 January
1968 10 March
1971 Senator 1950–1968 (resigned)[Note 2]
MP for Higgins, Vic,
1968–1975 (retired)[Note 3]
— 1st Gorton
1969 2nd Gorton
20
William McMahon
(1908–1988) Liberal
(Coalition) 10 March
1971 5 December
1972 Lowe, NSW,
1949–1982 (resigned) — McMahon
21
Gough Whitlam
(1916–2014) Labor 5 December
1972 11 November
1975 Werriwa, NSW,
1952–1978 (resigned) 1972 1st Whitlam
— 2nd Whitlam
1974 3rd Whitlam
22
Malcolm Fraser
(1930–2015) Liberal
(Coalition) 11 November
1975 11 March
1983 Wannon, Vic,
1955–1983 (resigned) — 1st Fraser
1975 2nd Fraser
1977 3rd Fraser
1980 4th Fraser
23
Bob Hawke
(1929–) Labor 11 March
1983 20 December
1991 Wills, Vic,
1980–1992 (resigned) 1983 1st Hawke
1984 2nd Hawke
1987 3rd Hawke
1990 4th Hawke
24
Paul Keating
(1944–) Labor 20 December
1991 11 March
1996 Blaxland, NSW,
1969–1996 (resigned) — 1st Keating
1993 2nd Keating
25
John Howard
(1939–) Liberal
(Coalition) 11 March
1996 3 December
2007 Bennelong, NSW,
1974–2007 (defeated) 1996 1st Howard
1998 2nd Howard
2001 3rd Howard
2004 4th Howard
26
Kevin Rudd
(1957–) Labor 3 December
2007 24 June
2010 Griffith, Qld,
1998–2013 (resigned) 2007 1st Rudd
27
Julia Gillard
(1961–) Labor 24 June
2010 27 June
2013 Lalor, Vic,
1998–2013 (retired) — 1st Gillard
2010 2nd Gillard
(26)
Kevin Rudd
(1957–) Labor 27 June
2013 18 September
2013 Griffith, Qld,
1998–2013 (resigned) — 2nd Rudd
28
Tony Abbott
(1957–) Liberal
(Coalition) 18 September
2013 15 September
2015 Warringah, NSW,
since 1994 2013 Abbott
29
Malcolm Turnbull
(1954–) Liberal
(Coalition) 15 September
2015 Incumbent Wentworth, NSW,
since 2004 — 1st Turnbull
2016 2nd Turnbull
See also[edit]
Deputy Prime Minister of Australia
List of Prime Ministers of Australia
List of Prime Ministers of Australia by age
List of Prime Ministers of Australia by time in office
List of Prime Ministers of Australia (graphical)
Historical rankings of Prime Ministers of Australia
Prime Ministers Avenue in Horse Chestnut Avenue in the Ballarat Botanical Gardens contains a collection of bronze busts of former Australian Prime Ministers.
Spouse of the Prime Minister of Australia
Transportation of the Prime Minister of Australia
List of Australian Leaders of the Opposition
Prime Ministers of Queen Elizabeth II
List of Commonwealth Heads of Government
List of Privy Counsellors (1952–present)
Prime Minister's XI
Notes[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b c The Electoral Division of Ballaarat was spelled with a double a until 1977.
Jump up ^ Gorton was elected to the Senate at the general election of 10 December 1949, but his term did not commence until 22 February 1950. He was appointed Prime Minister on 10 January 1968; resigned from the Senate on 1 February; and was elected to the House of Representatives at a by-election on 24 February.
Jump up ^ Gorton retired from the House of Representatives at the double dissolution of 11 November 1975, and stood for an Australian Capital Territory Senate seat as an independent at the general election of 13 December 1975, but was unsuccessful.
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "Heads of State, Government and Ministers for Foreign Affairs" (PDF). UN. United Nations Foreign and Protocol Service.
Jump up ^ Australia's Constitution : With Overview and Notes by the Australian Government Solicitor (Pocket ed. ed.). Canberra: Parliamentary Education Office and Australian Government Solicitor. 2010. p. v. ISBN 9781742293431. CS1 maint: Extra text (link)
Jump up ^ "9 - Motions". House of Representatives Practice, 6th Ed – HTML version. Parliament of Australia. Retrieved 23 February 2018.
Jump up ^ Australia's Constitution : With Overview and Notes by the Australian Government Solicitor (Pocket ed. ed.). Canberra: Parliamentary Education Office and Australian Government Solicitor. 2010. p. v. ISBN 9781742293431. CS1 maint: Extra text (link)
Jump up ^ "Pearce, Sir George Foster (1870–1952)". Australian Dictionary of Biography. Australian National University. 2006. Retrieved 24 June 2010.
Jump up ^ Farr, Malcolm (20 February 2018). "Senator Mathias Cormann named Acting PM as top ranks head out of the country". news.com.au.
Jump up ^ "Malcolm Turnbull sworn in as Australia's 29th Prime Minister". ABC News. 15 September 2015. Retrieved 15 September 2015.
Jump up ^ "No. 14 - Ministers in the Senate". Senate Briefs. Parliament of Australia. December 2016.
Jump up ^ "ParlInfo – Part 6 – Historical information on the Australian Parliament : Ministries and Cabinets". aph.gov.au.
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^ Jump up to: a b "Politicians under fire for pay increases while penalty rates cut, One Nation wants to reject rise". 23 June 2017.
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^ Jump up to: a b Martin, A. W. "Menzies, Sir Robert Gordon (Bob) (1894–1978)". Australian Dictionary of Biography. Canberra: Australian National University. Retrieved 2008-11-22.
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Further reading[edit]
Strangio, Paul; t'Hart, Paul & Walter, James (2016). Settling the Office: The Australian Prime Ministership from Federation to Reconstruction. Melbourne: Melbourne University Press. ISBN 9780522868722.
Strangio, Paul; t'Hart, Paul & Walter, James (2017). The Pivot of Power: Australian Prime Ministers and Political Leadership, 1949-2016. Melbourne: Melbourne University Press. ISBN 9780522868746.
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Party on the Dancefloor Tour
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
Party on the Dancefloor Tour
Tour by Steps
Promotional poster for the tour
Associated album
Tears on the Dancefloor and Crying at the Disco
Start date
12 November 2017 (2017-11-12)
End date
10 December 2017 (2017-12-10)
Legs
1
No. of shows
1 in the Republic of Ireland
21 in the United Kingdom
22 in total
Supporting act(s)
Vengaboys
Attendance
25,439 (98%)
Box office
$1,473,850
Website
Steps Official - Live Events
Steps concert chronology
Christmas with Steps
(2012)
Party on the Dancefloor Tour
(2017)
Summer of Steps Tour
(2018)
The Party on the Dancefloor Tour is the eighth headlining concert tour by British group Steps. It was launched in support of their fifth studio album Tears on the Dancefloor (2017), its subsequent deluxe edition Crying at the Disco and to celebrate twenty years since their formation. The tour was announced on 6 March 2017 with an initial run of fourteen dates visiting all four constituent countries of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and one date in the Republic of Ireland. It was due to start in Dublin on 13 November 2017 and conclude in Manchester on 2 December, but due to phenomenal demand, Steps added a further seven dates around the United Kingdom, with an additional date on 12 November in Belfast at the beginning of the tour and six additional dates at the end, where it will finish on 10 December in Cardiff.
Contents
[hide]
1 Background
2 Tickets
3 Critical reception
4 Set list
5 Shows
6 References
Background[edit]
Steps reunited in 2011 for a four-part documentary series produced by Sky Living.[1] It predominantly explored their highly publicised and acrimonious split on Boxing Day in 2001, as well as revealing what each member had been doing during the previous ten years and the truth, causes and effects of their disbandment.[1] It further showed how they could repair their professional, and personal, relationships as a five-piece for the release of their second greatest hits album, The Ultimate Collection (2011), and formal discussions of officially reforming.[1] The positive response to the album led to the announcement of a reunion arena tour, The Ultimate Tour, in April 2012,[2] and their fourth studio/first Christmas album, Light Up the World, later that year.[3] On 28 November 2016, it was revealed that Steps would be reuniting for a New Year's Eve performance G-A-Y to celebrate twenty years since their debut.[4]
On 6 March 2017, Steps confirmed that their fifth studio album, Tears on the Dancefloor, would be released on 21 April in the United Kingdom and be preceded by the lead single, "Scared of the Dark", on 10 March; they also announced the accompanying Party on the Dancefloor Tour for November and December 2017.[5][6][7] The album, which peaked at number-two on the UK Albums Chart, number-one on the UK Independent Albums Chart and was certified silver by the British Phonographic Industry for shipments exceeding 60,000 three weeks after its release,[8][9][10] generated two additional singles, "Story of a Heart" and "Neon Blue".[11] On 18 September 2017, Steps announced that the album would be reissued on 27 October with five new songs, including a Christmas track, as well as previously unreleased remixes, and called Tears on the Dancefloor: Crying at the Disco.[12]
Tickets[edit]
The Party on the Dancefloor Tour is the group's first series of concerts since their Christmas with Steps tour in December 2012, with the Vengaboys as their supporting act.[13] The announcement confirmed that it would be visiting various conference halls, exhibition centres and arenas in the Republic of Ireland and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, kicking off at the only date for the former at the 3Arena in Dublin on 13 November and fourteen dates across the latter before concluding at Manchester Arena in Manchester on 2 December; it also includes two dates in London at The O2 Arena and Wembley Arena on 24 and 25 November, respectively.[7][14] Pre-sale tickets went on sale on 7 March, with general sale tickets going on sale three days later on 10 March, and were made available to purchase through AXS and Ticketmaster,[15] with ticket prices ranging from £37.36 to £113.30 including service charges and administration fees.[14]
On 13 March, the group added five more dates to revisit Belfast, Manchester, Newcastle, Liverpool and Glasgow due to phenomenal demand, bringing the kick off date one day forward for perform in Belfast on 12 November and extending the tour to finish on 7 December in Glasgow.[16] The tickets for the five additional dates were made available for pre-sale the following day and released for general sale on 16 March, increasing from fifteen to twenty tour dates.[17][18] Two more dates were later added to revisit Cardiff and Birmingham on 9 and 10 November, respectively, bringing the total tour dates to twenty-two.[19]
Critical reception[edit]
For the opening night concert in Belfast, Sarah Scott writing for Belfast Live awarded the show four out five stars.[20] She wrote that the group were "back with a bang" and noted the positive audience reaction to "5,6,7,8", commenting that "fans went crazy for the old school classic in such a manner you would think it was still in the charts."[20] Scott praised the support act the Vengaboys and said that the tour served as a reminder that Steps should never have disbanded.[20] She concluded by writing that although fans knew they would have a good night, it was better than she expected it to be.[20]
For the concert at 3Arena in Dublin, Louise Bruton writing for The Irish Times awarded the show five out of five stars.[21] Describing it as one of the best pop concerts of the year and likening the high production values to those of Kylie Minogue, Bruton noted that Steps sang live throughout the show and that each band member "a chance to show off".[21] She added that small touches such as Ian "H" Watkins being partnered with a male dancer and the group embracing each other during their rendition of "Heartbeat" considering that they were not on speaking terms in 2009 "shows how far they've come."[21] Bruton concluded by writing that for a pop band "to survive the 1990s is one thing but for a pop group to come back 20 years later with a top-10 album and a slick tour like this is little short of a miracle," and called the church wedding procession during the closing song "Tragedy" the "best thing ever."[21]
Set list[edit]
The following set list is representative of the show in Newcastle at the Metro Radio Arena on 20 November 2017. It may not represent the setlist from all of the shows.[22]
"Scared of the Dark"
"Deeper Shade of Blue"
"Chain Reaction"
"Happy"
"Stomp"
"Better Best Forgotten" / "Last Thing on My Mind" (Medley)
"No More Tears (Enough Is Enough)" / "No More Tears on the Dancefloor" (Medley)
"Dancing with a Broken Heart"
"When I Said Goodbye"
"5,6,7,8"
"Better the Devil You Know"
"It's the Way You Make Me Feel"
"Heartbeat"
"Story of a Heart"
"Summer Of Love" / "Paradise Lost" / "Despacito" (Medley)
"Neon Blue"
"Love U More" / "You'll Be Sorry" / "After the Love Has Gone" (Medley)
"Love's Got a Hold on My Heart"
"One for Sorrow"
Encore
"Tragedy"
Shows[edit]
List of concerts, showing date, city, country, venue, opening act, attendance and gross revenue
Date
City
Country
Venue
Opening act
Attendance
Revenue
Leg One — Republic of Ireland and the United Kingdom[7]
12 November 2017
Belfast Northern Ireland SSE Arena Vengaboys — —
13 November 2017
Dublin Republic of Ireland 3Arena — —
14 November 2017
Belfast Northern Ireland SSE Arena — —
16 November 2017
Glasgow Scotland SSE Hydro — —
17 November 2017
Aberdeen GE Oil and Gas Arena — —
18 November 2017
Liverpool England Echo Arena Liverpool — —
20 November 2017
Newcastle Metro Radio Arena — —
21 November 2017
Leeds First Direct Arena — —
23 November 2017
Brighton Brighton Centre — —
24 November 2017
London The O2 Arena 14,412/14,759 (97%) $870,010[23]
25 November 2017
Wembley Arena — —
27 November 2017
Bournemouth Bournemouth International Centre — —
28 November 2017
Nottingham Motorpoint Arena Nottingham — —
29 November 2017
Cardiff Wales Motorpoint Arena Cardiff — —
1 December 2017
Birmingham England Barclaycard Arena — —
2 December 2017
Manchester Manchester Arena — —
3 December 2017
— —
5 December 2017
Newcastle Metro Radio Arena — —
6 December 2017
Liverpool Echo Arena Liverpool — —
7 December 2017
Glasgow Scotland SSE Hydro 11,027/11,190 (98%) $603,840[24]
9 December 2017
Birmingham England Genting Arena — —
10 December 2017
Cardiff Wales Motorpoint Arena Cardiff — —
Total
25,439/25,949 (98%) $1,473,850
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b c Eamses, Tom (21 July 2011). "Steps to reunite for Sky Living documentary series". Digital Spy. Archived from the original on 8 March 2017. Retrieved 8 March 2017.
Jump up ^ Copsey, Robert (11 October 2011). "Steps announce first arena tour in ten years". Digital Spy. Archived from the original on 8 March 2017. Retrieved 8 March 2017.
Jump up ^ Kavagnah, Joanne. "When will Steps' new album Tears on the Dancefloor be released, is there a 2017 comeback tour and how can I get tickets?". The Sun. Archived from the original on 7 March 2017. Retrieved 7 March 2017.
Jump up ^ Copsey, Robert (28 November 2016). "Steps are reuniting for a New Year's Eve gig to celebrate their 20th anniversary". Official Charts Company. Archived from the original on 8 March 2017. Retrieved 8 March 2017.
Jump up ^ White, Jack (6 March 2017). "Steps announce comeback album Tears on the Dancefloor to commemorate their 20th anniversary". Official Charts Company. Archived from the original on 8 March 2017. Retrieved 8 March 2017.
Jump up ^ Bourne, Diane (6 March 2017). "Steps are coming to Manchester Arena - here's how to get tickets". Manchester Evening News. Archived from the original on 7 March 2017. Retrieved 7 March 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b c Reed-Dominiguez, Jennifer (6 March 2017). "Steps confirm comeback with new album and a national tour". Digital Spy. Archived from the original on 7 March 2017. Retrieved 7 March 2017.
Jump up ^ "Official Albums Chart Top 100 28 April 2017 - 04 May 2017". Official Charts Company. 28 April 2017. Retrieved 19 September 2017.
Jump up ^ "Official Independent Albums Chart Top 50". Official Charts Company. 28 April 2017. Retrieved 19 September 2017.
Jump up ^ Kelly, Warren (5 October 2017). "Q4 Week: Inside Absolute's Q4 schedule". Music Week. Retrieved 30 October 2017.
Jump up ^ Villa, Lucas (20 September 2017). "Listen: Steps takes on Delta Goodrem's 'Dancing With a Broken Heart'". AXS. Retrieved 27 September 2017.
Jump up ^ Copsey, Rob (18 September 2017). "Steps to re-release their latest album Tears On The Dancefloor with five new songs". Official Charts Company. Archived from the original on 19 September 2017. Retrieved 19 September 2017.
Jump up ^ Kavagnah, Joanne. "When will Steps' new album Tears on the Dancefloor be released, is there a 2017 comeback tour and how can I get tickets?". The Sun. Archived from the original on 7 March 2017. Retrieved 7 March 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b Rodgers, James (10 March 2017). "Steps reunion tour tickets are out today - how to get them". Coventry Telegraph. Archived from the original on 15 November 2017. Retrieved 15 November 2017.
Jump up ^ Dalziel, Magdalene (6 March 2017). "Steps are coming to Glasgow and here's how to get tickets". Glasgow Live. Archived from the original on 7 March 2017. Retrieved 7 March 2017.
Jump up ^ Allcock, Beth (13 March 2017). "Steps reveal they have added five new dates to tour after huge fan demand – but rule out Eurovision". The Sun. Archived from the original on 15 November 2017. Retrieved 15 November 2017.
Jump up ^ "Tragedy: Steps add extra date to comeback tour in Belfast due to demand". Belfast Telegraph. 13 March 2017. Retrieved 13 March 2017.
Jump up ^ Duke, Simon (13 March 2017). "Steps add second Newcastle date on Party on the Dancefloor tour - how to get tickets". Chronicle Live. Retrieved 13 March 2017.
Jump up ^ Chrismas, Warren (13 November 2017). "When is the Steps 2017 UK tour? Dates, tickets and prices – all you need to know". The Sun. Archived from the original on 15 November 2017. Retrieved 15 November 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b c d Scott, Sarah (13 November 2017). "Prepare for a night of pure cheesy pop nostalgia with Steps". Belfast Live. Retrieved 16 November 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b c d Bruton, Louise (13 November 2017). "Steps review: A triumph with a Tragedy". The Irish Times. Retrieved 15 November 2017.
Jump up ^ http://www.chroniclelive.co.uk/whats-on/music-nightlife-news/steps-newcastle-arena-tour-review-13930799
Jump up ^ "Current Boxscore". Archived from the original on January 1, 2018.
Jump up ^ "Current Boxscore". Archived from the original on January 3, 2018.
[hide]
v
t
e
Steps
Lee Latchford-Evans
Claire Richards
Lisa Scott-Lee
Faye Tozer
Ian "H" Watkins
Discography
Songs
Studio albums
Step One
Steptacular
Buzz
Light Up the World
Tears on the Dancefloor (Crying at the Disco)
Live albums
Live! 2012
Compilation albums
Gold: The Greatest Hits
The Last Dance
The Ultimate Collection
Tours
Step One Tour
Next Step Tour
Steptacular Tour
Steps Into Christmas Tour
Gold Tour
The Ultimate Tour
Christmas with Steps
Party on the Dancefloor Tour
Summer of Steps Tour
Related articles
H & Claire
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text:
Country Music Hall of Fame and Museum
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (May 2016) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
Country Music Hall of Fame
and Museum
Established
1961 (1961)
Location
222 5th Ave S
Nashville, Tennessee 37203
Type
Hall of fame
Visitors
1.1 million in 2015
Director
Kyle Young
Website
www.countrymusichalloffame.org
The Country Music Hall of Fame and Museum in Nashville, Tennessee, is one of the world's largest museums and research centers dedicated to the preservation and interpretation of American vernacular music. Chartered in 1964, the museum has amassed one of the world's most extensive musical collections.[1]
Contents
[hide]
1 History of the museum
2 Current museum
3 The Country Music Hall of Fame
4 The Museum collection
5 Architecture and design
6 Timeline
7 Senior leadership
8 See also
9 Further reading
10 References
11 External links
History of the museum[edit]
The Country Music Hall of Fame and Museum is one of the world's largest and most active popular music research centers and the world's largest repository of country music artifacts. Early in the 1960s, as the Country Music Association's campaign to publicize country music was accelerating, CMA leaders determined that a new organization was needed to operate a country music museum and to carry out research and education activities beyond CMA's scope as a trade organization. Toward this end, the nonprofit Country Music Foundation (CMF) was chartered by the state of Tennessee in 1964 to collect, preserve, and publicize information and artifacts relating to the history of country music. Through CMF, industry leaders raised money to build the Country Music Hall of Fame and Museum, which opened on April 1, 1967. Located at the head of Music Row, the museum was erected on the site of a small Nashville city park. At this point, artifacts began to be displayed and a small library was begun in a loft above one of the museum's galleries.[1]
Early in the 1970s the basement of the museum building was partially complete, and library expansion began, embracing not only recordings but also books and periodicals, sheet music and songbooks, photographs, business documents, and other materials. At the outset, CMA staff had run the museum, but by 1972 the museum (already governed by its own independent board of directors) acquired its own small staff, which has steadily increased to over 150 full-time professionals.
Building expansion took place in 1974, 1977, and 1984 to store and display the museum's growing collection of costumes, films, historic cars, musical instruments, and other artifacts. An education department was created to conduct ongoing programs with Middle Tennessee schools, an oral history program was begun, and a publications department was launched to handle books, as well as the Journal of Country Music.[2]
Current museum[edit]
To become more accessible, in May 2001 the Country Music Hall of Fame and Museum moved to a new, 130,000-square-foot (12,000 m2) facility in the heart of downtown Nashville's arts and entertainment district. In 2014, the museum unveiled a $100 million expansion, doubling its size to 350,000 square feet of galleries, archival storage, education classrooms, retail stores, and special event space.
In the museum's core exhibition, Sing Me Back Home: A Journey Through Country Music, visitors are immersed in the history and sounds of country music, its origins and traditions, and the stories and voices of many of its architects. The story is revealed through artifacts, photographs, and text panels, recorded sound, vintage video, and interactive touchscreens. Sing Me Back Home is enhanced by numerous, rotating limited-engagement exhibits. The new ACM Gallery and the Dinah and Fred Gretsch Family Gallery offer visitors a hands-on immersion into today's country music with artifacts from today's country stars and a series of technology-enhanced activities.
In addition to the galleries, the museum has the 776-seat CMA Theater, the Taylor Swift Education Center, and multi-purpose event rental spaces. Other historic properties of the Country Music Hall of Fame and Museum include the letterpress operation Hatch Show Print (located inside the museum) and Historic RCA Studio B[3] (located on Music Row), Nashville's oldest surviving recording studio, where recordings by Elvis Presley, Dolly Parton, Waylon Jennings, and many others were made.
The Country Music Hall of Fame and Museum has developed multiple platforms to make its collection accessible to a wider audience. From weekly instrument demonstrations to its flagship songwriting program for schools, Words & Music, the museum offers an aggressive schedule of educational programs. The museum also operates CMF Records, a Grammy-winning re-issue label (The Complete Hank Williams and Night Train to Nashville: Music City Rhythm & Blues, 1945-1970); and CMF Press, a book publishing arm that releases exhibit-related books in cooperation with Vanderbilt University Press and other major trade publishing houses.
The Country Music Hall of Fame[edit]
Membership in the Country Music Hall of Fame, the highest honor a country music professional can receive, is extended to performers, songwriters, broadcasters, musicians, and executives in recognition of their contributions to the development of country music. The Country Music Hall of Fame honor was created in 1961 by the Country Music Association (CMA); the first inductees were Hank Williams, Jimmie Rodgers, and Fred Rose. Roy Acuff, the first living artist to join the Hall of Fame, was elected in 1962. The most recent inductees (class of 2017) are Jerry Reed, Don Schlitz and Alan Jackson.
Over the Hall of Fame's history, the number of new members inducted each year has varied from one to twelve (no nominee was inducted in 1963, no candidate having received sufficient votes). The election procedure is as follows: A small CMA nominating committee drafts slates of candidates from each category; categories have been defined variously over the years. Award recipients are determined through a two-stage balloting process; the first round of voting narrows each category to five candidates; the second round selects winners. The large select committee of electors that votes on Hall of Fame membership is composed of CMA members who have participated in the country music industry for at least ten years. New Hall of Fame members receive special recognition in ceremonies at the Country Music Hall of Fame and Museum.
Bas-relief portraits cast in bronze honoring each Hall of Fame member were originally displayed at the Tennessee State Museum in downtown Nashville until the Country Music Hall of Fame and Museum opened its own building in April 1967; in this barn-roofed facility at the head of Music Row, the bronze plaques comprised a special exhibit. Today the plaques are displayed in a seventy-foot-high rotunda at the museum's enlarged downtown Nashville facility.
The Museum collection[edit]
The museum's archival and library storage, allows for the cultivation of the museum's collection and includes more than 2.5 million artifacts.
Nearly 200,000 sound recordings, including an estimated 98% of all pre-World War II country recordings released commercially
Approximately 500,000 photographs
More than 30,000 moving images on film, video and digital formats, including Glen Campbell narrating the history of country music; rare documentary footage of a father and son buck-dancing at the 1932 Old-time Fiddlers' Convention in Star, North Carolina; and archival footage featuring Hall of Fame members the Jordanaires, the Louvin Brothers, Patsy Montana, Webb Pierce, Marty Robbins, Jimmie Rodgers, and Carl Smith.
Hundreds of historic musical instruments, featuring Mother Maybelle Carter's Gibson L-5, Earl Scruggs's banjo, Bob Wills's fiddle, and Bill Monroe's mandolin.
Thousands of items of clothing worn by country artists, including Hank Snow's "Golden Rocket" Nudie suit, Jim Reeves's tuxedo jacket, Gram Parsons's Nudie suit, Patsy Cline's cocktail dress, Hank Williams's Nudie suit, Johnny Cash's black suit from The Johnny Cash Show, and the dress Carrie Underwood wore when she won American Idol.
Oral histories, scrapbooks, correspondence, fan club newsletters, sheet music, periodicals and books.
Iconic Vehicles: Elvis Presley's 1960 "Solid Gold" Cadillac limousine, Webb Pierce's 1962 Pontiac Bonneville convertible, and Jerry Reed's 1980 Pontiac Trans Am from Smokey and the Bandit II.
Architecture and design[edit]
When viewed from the air, the building forms a massive bass clef. The point on the sweeping arch of the building suggests the tailfin of a 1959 Cadillac sedan. The building's front windows resemble piano keys. The tower on top of the Rotunda that extends down the Hall of Fame is a replica of the distinctive diamond-shaped WSM radio tower, which was originally built in 1932 just south of Nashville and is still in operation.
The Rotunda itself is replete with symbolic architectural elements. For example, the exterior of this cylindrical structure can be viewed variously as a drum kit, a rural water tower, or grain silo. The four disc tiers of the Rotunda's roof evoke the evolution of recording technology—the 78, the vinyl LP, the 45, and the CD. Stone bars on the Rotunda's outside wall symbolize the notes of the Carter Family's classic song "Will the Circle Be Unbroken," while the title of the song rings the interior of the structure. The Hall of Fame member's plaques housed within the Rotunda are reminiscent of notes on a musical staff.
Solid, earthy materials native to the Mid-South—wood, concrete, steel, and stone—were used in the building's construction as a reminder of the music's strong roots in the lives of working Americans. Georgia yellow pine adorns the floors of the Conservatory and is also found in the Hall of Fame Rotunda the Ford Theater. Crab Orchard Stone from the East Tennessee mountains lend a homey, rustic touch to the Conservatory's "front porch" atmosphere and is also found on the Rotunda's walls. The large steel beams supporting the Conservatory's glass ceiling and walls conjure up images of rural railroad bridges. In another transportation metaphor, the cascading water along the Grand Staircase calls to mind the mighty rivers that have inspired so much of our nation's music and have physically connected musicians in various regions of the nations.
Musical symbolism continues within the museum galleries. Hardwood floors, curtain-like exhibit-case fronts, and low hanging lights suspended by cables create the backstage atmosphere of the Third Floor. Similarly, modular exhibit stations and vinyl floors evoke a recording studio environment on the Second Floor.
Architect: Tuck-Hinton Architects, PLC
Exhibit Designer: Ralph Appelbaum Associates Inc.
Timeline[edit]
1961: Country Music Association established the Country Music Hall of Fame
1964: CMA chartered the not-for-profit Country Music Foundation (CMF), which operates the Country Music Hall of Fame and Museum
1967: Country Music Hall of Fame and Museum opened on Music Row
1987: Museum earned accreditation from the American Alliance of Museums
2000: December 31, museum closed its doors on Music Row
2001: May 17, museum opened in downtown Nashville
2013: October 12, Hatch Show Print opened to the public
2014: New expansion opened, more than doubling the size of the building
2015: For the first time, the museum had more than one million visitors in a calendar year
Senior leadership[edit]
Kyle Young, CEO
Sharon Brawner, Senior Vice President of Marketing and Sales[4]
Carolyn Tate, Senior Vice President of Museum Services
Nina Burghard, Senior Vice President of Financial Services and Operations
Lisa Purcell, Vice President of Development
See also[edit]
Country music portal
List of Country Music Hall of Fame inductees
Further reading[edit]
The Country Music Hall of Fame & Museum. Nashville, Tenn.: Country Music Foundation, 1990. N.B.: The structure as described in this document is the original one which had opened in 1967; the book (amply ill. in b&w and col.) describes the work, collections, etc. of the center's Hall of Fame, Museum (which includes a library), and recording studio, and also gives an account of the development and various aspects of the country music industry. ISBN 0-915608-12-X
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b "About". Country Music Hall of Fame. Retrieved January 14, 2016.
Jump up ^ McCall, Michael (2012). The Encyclopedia of Country Music Second Edition. Oxford University Press. pp. 105–106. ISBN 0195395638.
Jump up ^ "Home". Studio B. Retrieved August 26, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Country Music Hall of Fame promotes four to VP roles". Nashville Post. February 17, 2015. Retrieved January 19, 2016.
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Country Music Hall of Fame and Museum.
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