text:
Holy See–European Union relations
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European–Vatican relations

EU

Vatican City
Holy See-European Union relations is the relationship between the European Union (EU) and the Holy See (or Vatican City).[1] This is framed by the Holy See's geography (within an EU state capital) while being unable to join.
Contents
[hide]
1 Cooperation
2 Representations
3 Points of tension
4 Membership
5 See also
6 References
7 External links
Cooperation[edit]
According to the EU's Copenhagen criteria which define what states are eligible to join the EU, a candidate state must be a free market democracy. Given that the Holy See is a theocracy it does not meet the criteria. However, as it is so small, and surrounded by an EU state (Italy), it is intrinsically linked to the EU. Vatican City has an open border with the EU and intends to join the Schengen Information System. It also uses the euro as its sole currency and has an agreement with the EU allowing them to mint their own coins.[2] The EU gave Italy authority to negotiate a deal with the Holy See in 2000 which allowed the Holy See to mint a maximum of €670,000. After a review of the arrangements, a new agreement came into force in 2010 which allowed the Holy See to mint €1 million a year (plus up to an additional €300,000 on special occasions).[3]
Vatican City is not part of the EU's customs union or its VAT area like some other small European states are. However Vatican City is exempt from duties and taxes and the small amount of goods exported from Vatican City are exempt from duty.[2]
Representations[edit]
The first representative from the Holy See, an Apostolic Nuncio, was accredited to the EU in 1970. The role of the EU's representative to the Holy See is accorded to the EU representative to the UN in Rome:[2] currently Ambassador Yves Gazzo. The first EU representative to the Holy See was Luis Ritto, accredited in 2006. This accreditation followed a visit by Commission President José Manuel Barroso who wished to create open full diplomatic relations between the two.[3]
Points of tension[edit]
Some of the more recent events in the relationship have been;
A disagreement over whether to include a reference to Europe's Christian heritage in the European Constitution[4]
The European Parliament refused to ratify Rocco Buttiglione as a European Commissioner because he backed the Catholic Church's view on homosexuality[5]
The European Union endorsed the Sandbaek Report, increasing funding for abortion[6]
The funding of stem cell research by the European Union[7]
The European Parliament passed a motion[8] calling for the compulsory recognition of same-sex unions across the European Union[9]
Membership[edit]
The Vatican City (the smallest state in the world[10]) is an ecclesiastical[10] or sacerdotal-monarchical[11] state, and as such does not have the democratic credentials to join the EU (Art. 49 TEU) and is unlikely to attain them given its unique status. Additionally its economy is also of a unique non-commercial nature. Overall, the mission of the Vatican City state, which is tied to the mission of the Holy See, has little to do with the objectives of the EU Treaty.[12] Thus EU membership is not discussed, even though it is in the heart of an EU member state.[12]
See also[edit]
Vatican City portal
European Union portal
International relations portal
Holy See–Italy relations
Religion in the European Union
Microstates and the European Union
References[edit]
Jump up ^ The Holy See and the State of the Vatican City are not synonymous, however the ultimate authority of each in terms of international relations have the same impact in terms of the topics discussed in this article
^ Jump up to: a b c Holy See (Vatican), European External Action Service
^ Jump up to: a b Work with the Holy See, EU delegation in Rome
Jump up ^ "BBC NEWS - Europe - Pope presses EU on constitution". Retrieved 17 April 2017.
Jump up ^ "BBC NEWS - Europe - EU row candidate stands down". Retrieved 17 April 2017.
Jump up ^ EU funds must not be used for abortions in developing countries, Commission of the Bishop's Conferences of the European Commission, Press Release, 13 February 2003
Jump up ^ "Roman Catholic Church Outraged at EU Stem Cell Funding Decision - Christian News on Christian Today". Retrieved 17 April 2017.
Jump up ^ "Texts adopted - Wednesday, 14 June 2006 - Non-discrimination and equal opportunities for all - P6_TA(2006)0261". Retrieved 17 April 2017.
Jump up ^ European Parliament calls for legal recognition of same-sex unions in all EU states, 27 June 2006, euro-fam
^ Jump up to: a b "Holy See (Vatican City)". CIA—The World Factbook. Retrieved 13 August 2013.
Jump up ^ "Vatican City". Catholic-Pages.com. Archived from the original on 22 September 2013. Retrieved 12 August 2013.
^ Jump up to: a b "EU Enlargement and the Failure of Conditionality" (European Monographs #59), by Dimitry Kochenov, Kluwer Law International, 2008, p. 25
External links[edit]
EU delegation in Rome
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Foreign relations of the European Union
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Bilateral relations
See also: Economic relationships with third countries
Africa
Cape Verde
Libya
Morocco
South Africa
Tunisia
Americas
Argentina
Brazil
Canada
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Greenland
Mexico
United States
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New Zealand
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Europe
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Aceh
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History
See also: Treaties of the European Union
Treaty of Dunkirk (1947)
Treaty of Brussels (1948)
Western Union (1948 – 1951; Flag · 1949 Exercise Verity)
Treaty establishing the European Defence Community (signed 1952, unratified)
London and Paris Conferences (1954)
Modified Brussels Treaty (1954)
Western European Union (1954–2011; Flag · Assembly · Secretary-General · Service medal)
Petersberg Declaration (1992)
European Security and Defence Identity (1996-1999)
Saint-Malo declaration (1998)
Helsinki Headline Goal (1999)
European Security Strategy (2003)
CAPECON project (2002-2005)
European Security and Defence Policy (1999-2009)
Lancaster House Treaties (2010)
Rapid Operational Force (1995–2012)
Operations Centre (2012-2016)
European Union portal · Military history portal
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David McCallum
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For other people named David McCallum, see David McCallum (disambiguation).
David McCallum
McCallum at the 8th Annual Marine Corps Historic Half (MCHH) in Fredericksburg, Virginia, 17 May 2015.
Born
David Keith McCallum, Jr.
(1933-09-19) 19 September 1933 (age 84)
Glasgow, Lanarkshire, Scotland
Alma mater
Royal Academy of Dramatic Art
Occupation
Actor, musician
Years active
1947–present
Known for
Illya Kuryakin (The Man from U.N.C.L.E.)
Steel (Sapphire & Steel)
Dr. Donald "Ducky" Mallard (NCIS)
Spouse(s)
Jill Ireland (m. 1957–1967, divorced)
Katherine Carpenter (m. 1967)
Children
5
David Keith McCallum, Jr. (born 19 September 1933) is a Scottish-American actor and musician. He first gained recognition in the 1960s for playing secret agent Illya Kuryakin in the television series The Man from U.N.C.L.E. and as interdimensional operative Steel in Sapphire & Steel.
In recent years, McCallum has gained renewed international recognition and popularity for his role as NCIS medical examiner Dr. Donald "Ducky" Mallard in the American television series NCIS.
Contents
[hide]
1 Early life
2 Career
2.1 The Man from U.N.C.L.E.
2.2 After The Man from U.N.C.L.E.
2.3 NCIS
2.4 Music
2.5 Fiction
3 Personal life
4 Filmography
4.1 Film
4.2 Television
4.3 Video games
5 References
6 External links
Early life[edit]
McCallum was born in Maryhill, Glasgow, the second of two sons of Dorothy Dorman, a cellist, and orchestral violinist David McCallum Sr. When he was three, his family moved to London for his father to play as concertmaster in the London Philharmonic Orchestra. Early in the Second World War, he was evacuated back to Scotland, where he lived with his mother at Gartocharn by Loch Lomond.[1]
McCallum won a scholarship to University College School, a boys' independent school in Hampstead, London, where, encouraged by his parents to prepare for a career in music, he played the oboe.[1] In 1946 he began doing boy voices for the BBC radio repertory company.[1] Also involved in local amateur drama, at age 17, he appeared as Oberon in an open-air production of A Midsummer Night's Dream with the Play and Pageant Union. He left school at age 18 and was conscripted, joining the 3rd Battalion the Middlesex Regiment, which was seconded to the Royal West African Frontier Force.[2] In March 1954 he was promoted to Lieutenant.[3] After leaving the army he attended the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art (also in London), where Joan Collins was a classmate.[1]
Career[edit]
In 1951 McCallum became assistant stage manager of the Glyndebourne Opera Company. He began his acting career doing boy voices for BBC Radio in 1947[4] and began taking bit parts in British films from the late 1950s. His first acting role was in Whom the Gods Love, Die Young playing a doomed royal.[5] A James Dean-themed photograph of McCallum caught the attention of the Rank Organisation, who signed him in 1956.[6] However, in an interview with Alan Titchmarsh broadcast on 3 November 2010, McCallum stated that he had actually held his Equity card since 1946.[7]
Early roles included a juvenile delinquent in Violent Playground (1957), an outlaw in Robbery Under Arms, (1957) and as junior RMS Titanic radio operator Harold Bride in A Night to Remember (1958). His first American film was Freud: The Secret Passion (1962),[8] directed by John Huston, which was shortly followed by a role in Peter Ustinov's Billy Budd. McCallum played Lt Cdr Eric Ashley-Pitt (e.g., "Dispersal") in The Great Escape, which was released in 1963. He took the role of Judas Iscariot in 1965's The Greatest Story Ever Told. Other television roles included two appearances on The Outer Limits and a guest appearance on Perry Mason in 1964 as defendant Phillipe Bertain in "The Case of the Fifty Millionth Frenchman".
The Man from U.N.C.L.E.[edit]
McCallum as Illya Kuryakin
The Man from U.N.C.L.E., intended as a vehicle for Robert Vaughn, made McCallum into a sex symbol, his Beatle-style blond haircut providing a trendy contrast to Vaughn's more conventional clean cut appearance. McCallum's role as the mysterious Russian agent Illya Kuryakin was originally conceived as a peripheral one. McCallum, however, took the opportunity to construct a complex character whose appeal rested largely in what was shadowy and enigmatic about him.[6] Kuryakin's popularity with the audience and Vaughn's and McCallum's on-screen chemistry were quickly recognized by the producers, and McCallum was elevated to co-star status.
Although the show aired at the height of the Cold War, McCallum's Russian alter ego became a pop culture phenomenon. The actor was inundated with fan letters, and a Beatles-like frenzy followed him everywhere he went.[6] While playing Kuryakin, McCallum received more fan mail than any other actor in Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer's history, including such popular MGM stars as Clark Gable and Elvis Presley.[9] Hero worship even led to a record, Love Ya, Illya, performed by Alma Cogan under the name Angela and the Fans, which was a pirate radio hit in Britain in 1966. A 1990s rock-rap group from Argentina named itself Illya Kuryaki and the Valderramas in honour of The Man From U.N.C.L.E. character.
McCallum received two Emmy Award nominations in the course of the show's four-year run (1964–68) for playing the intellectual and introverted secret agent.[6]
McCallum and Vaughn reprised their roles of Kuryakin and Solo in a 1983 TV film, Return of the Man from U.N.C.L.E.. In 1986 McCallum reunited with Robert Vaughn again in an episode of The A-Team entitled "The Say U.N.C.L.E. Affair", complete with "chapter titles", the word "affair" in the title, the phrase "Open Channel D", and similar scene transitions.
In an interview for a retrospective television special, David McCallum told of a visit to the White House during which, while he was being escorted to meet the U.S. president, a Secret Service agent told him, "You're the reason I got this job."[10]
After The Man from U.N.C.L.E.[edit]
McCallum in 1969
McCallum never quite repeated the popular success he had gained as Kuryakin until NCIS, though he did become a familiar face on British television in such shows as Colditz (1972–74), Kidnapped (1978), and ITV's science-fiction series Sapphire & Steel (1979–82) opposite Joanna Lumley. In 1975 he played the title character in a short-lived U.S. version of The Invisible Man.
McCallum appeared on stage in Australia in Run for Your Wife (1987–88), and the production toured the country. Other members of the cast were Jack Smethurst, Eric Sykes and Katy Manning.
McCallum starred with Diana Rigg in the 1989 TV miniseries Mother Love. In 1991 and 1992 McCallum played gambler John Grey, one of the principal characters in the television series Trainer. He also appeared as a British double agent in a 1989 episode of Murder She Wrote. In the 1990s McCallum guest-starred in two U.S. television series. In season 1 of seaQuest DSV, he appeared as the law-enforcement officer Frank Cobb of the fictional Broken Ridge of the Ausland Confederation, an underwater mining camp off the coast of Australia by the Great Barrier Reef; he also had a guest-star role in one episode of Babylon 5.
In 1994 McCallum narrated the acclaimed documentaries Titanic: The Complete Story for A&E Networks. This was the second project about the Titanic on which he had worked: the first was the 1958 film A Night to Remember, in which he had had a small role.
In the same year McCallum hosted and narrated the TV special Ancient Prophecies. This special, which was followed soon after by three others, told of people and places historically associated with foretelling the end of the world and the beginnings of new eras for mankind.
NCIS[edit]
McCallum in October 2012.
Since 2003 McCallum has starred in the CBS television series NCIS as Dr. Donald "Ducky" Mallard, the team's chief medical examiner and one of the show's most popular characters. In Season 2 Episode 13 "The Meat Puzzle", NCIS agent Leroy Jethro Gibbs (Mark Harmon) is asked, "What did Ducky look like when he was younger?" Gibbs replies, "Illya Kuryakin".[11]
According to the behind-the-scenes feature on the 2006 DVD of NCIS season 1, McCallum became an expert in forensics to play Mallard, including appearing at medical examiner conventions. In the feature, Donald P. Bellisario says that McCallum's knowledge became so vast that at the time of the interview he was considering making him a technical adviser on the show.
McCallum appeared at the 21st Annual James Earl Ash Lecture, held 19 May 2005 at the Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, an evening for honouring America's service members. His lecture, "Reel to Real Forensics", with Cmdr. Craig T. Mallak, U.S. Armed Forces medical examiner, featured a presentation comparing the real-life work of the Armed Forces Medical Examiner staff with that of the fictional naval investigators appearing on NCIS.[12]
In late April 2012 it was announced that McCallum had reached agreement on a two-year contract extension with CBS-TV. The move meant that he would remain an NCIS regular past his eightieth birthday.[13] In May 2014 he signed another two-year contract.[14]
Music[edit]
In the 1960s, McCallum recorded four albums for Capitol Records with music producer David Axelrod: Music...A Part of Me (Capitol ST 2432, 1966), Music...A Bit More of Me (Capitol ST 2498, 1966), Music...It's Happening Now! (Capitol ST 2651, 1967), and McCallum (Capitol ST 2748, 1968). The best known of his pieces today is "The Edge", which was sampled by Dr. Dre as the intro and riff to the track "The Next Episode", "M.I.A" by Missin' Linx, and "No Regrets" by Masta Ace. McCallum's version of "The Edge" appears on the soundtrack to the 2017 film Baby Driver.
McCallum did not sing on these records, as many television stars of the 1960s did when offered recording contracts. As a classically trained musician, he conceived a blend of oboe, English horn and strings with guitar and drums, and presented instrumental interpretations of hits of the day. The official arranger on the albums was H. B. Barnum. However, McCallum conducted, and contributed several original compositions of his own, over the course of four LPs. The first two, Music...A Part of Me and Music...A Bit More of Me, have been issued together on CD on the Zonophone label. On Open Channel D, McCallum did sing on the first four tracks, "Communication", "House on Breckenridge Lane", "In the Garden, Under the Tree" (the theme song from the film Three Bites of the Apple) and "My Carousel". The music tracks are the same as the Zonophone CD. This CD was released on the Rev-Ola label. The single release of "Communication" reached No. 32 in the UK Singles Chart in April 1966.[15]
In The Man from Uncle episode "The Discotheque Affair", McCallum plays the double bass as part of a band in a night club. He also played guitar and sang his own composition, "Trouble," with Nancy Sinatra on "The Take Me to Your Leader Affair," and played several instruments in "The Off-Broadway Affair.
Fiction[edit]
In 2016, McCallum published a crime novel entitled Once a Crooked Man. The narrative is set in New York and London and centres on a young actor who tries to foil a murder.[16] McCallum has stated that a second novel is in progress.[17]
Personal life[edit]
McCallum was first married to actress Jill Ireland on 11 May 1957 in London. The two met during production of the film Hell Drivers which provided early roles for both actors. In 1963 McCallum introduced Ireland to Charles Bronson when both were filming The Great Escape. She subsequently left McCallum and married Bronson in 1968. McCallum and Ireland had three sons: Paul, Jason and Valentine (Val). Jason, who was adopted, died from an accidental drug overdose in 1989.[18] Val McCallum is a successful guitar player, playing with Jackson Browne most recently in 2014[19] and currently a member of the faux country band Jackshit.[20]
He has been married to Katherine Carpenter since 1967. They have a son, Peter, and a daughter, Sophie. McCallum and his wife are active in charitable organisations that support the United States Marine Corps: Katherine's father was a Marine who served in the Battle of Iwo Jima, and her brother lost his life in the Vietnam War. On 27 August 1999, McCallum was naturalized as an American citizen.[21]
McCallum has six grandchildren.[18]
He is a Republican.[22]
Filmography[edit]
n.b. for credit listings reference[23]
Film[edit]
Year
Title
Role
Notes
1957 Ill Met By Moonlight Sailor
Film debut
Uncredited
Also known as Night Ambush
These Dangerous Years Also known as Dangerous Youth
Robbery Under Arms Jim Marston British Crime film
Hell Drivers Jimmy Yately Directed by Cy Endfield
The Secret Place Mike Wilson Directorial debut of Clive Donner
1958 A Night to Remember Harold Bride British drama
Violent Playground Johnnie Murphy Directed by Basil Dearden
1961 The Long and the Short and the Tall Private Samuel "Sammy" Whitaker Released as Jungle Fighters in the US and Canada
Jungle Street Terry Collins Later retitled Jungle Street Girls
1962 Freud: The Secret Passion Carl von Schlossen Also known as Freud
Billy Budd Steven Wyatt A CinemaScope film produced, directed, and co-written by Peter Ustinov
1963 The Great Escape Lt. Cmdr. Eric Ashley-Pitt, "Dispersal" Based on an escape by British and Commonwealth prisoners of war from a German POW camp during the Second World War
1964 To Trap a Spy Illya Kuryakin A Man from U.N.C.L.E. film
1965 The Spy with My Face
The Greatest Story Ever Told Judas Iscariot Retelling of the story of Jesus, from the Nativity through the Resurrection
1966 One Spy Too Many Illya Kuryakin A Man from U.N.C.L.E. film
The Spy in the Green Hat
Around the World Under the Sea Dr. Philip Volker
The Big T.N.T. Show Master of Ceremonies, conducting the orchestra "(I Can't Get No) Satisfaction" (instrumental)
One of Our Spies Is Missing Illya Kuryakin A Man from U.N.C.L.E. film
1967 The Karate Killers
Three Bites of the Apple Stanley Thrumm
1968 The Helicopter Spies Illya Kuryakin A Man from U.N.C.L.E. film
Sol Madrid Sol Madrid Released in the UK as The Heroin Gang
How to Steal the World Illya Kuryakin A Man From U.N.C.L.E. film
1969 Mosquito Squadron Squadron Leader Quint Monroe, RCAF British war film
The Ravine Sergeant Stephen Holmann Italian-Yugoslav-American war film
Rascal Ice Cream Man
Comedy-drama film adaption made by Walt Disney Productions
Based on a book Rascal by Sterling North
1972 She Waits Mark Wilson Horror film
1975 The Kingfisher Caper Benedict Van Der Byl Released as Diamond Hunters in South Africa and as Diamond Lust on video
1976 Dogs Harlan Thompson
1977 King Solomon's Treasure Sir Henry Curtis British-Canadian low-budget film based on the novel King Solomon's Mines
1980 The Watcher in the Woods Paul Curtis
American family fantasy thriller film
Based on the 1976 novel by Florence Engel Randall
1985 Terminal Choice Dr. Giles Dodson
1986 The Wind John Released in 1987 in the USA
1990 The Haunting of Morella Gideon Set in colonial America
1991 Hear My Song Jim Abbott
1993 Fatal Inheritance Brandon Murphy
1993 Dirty Weekend Reggie Based on the novel of the same name by Helen Zahavi
1994 Healer The Jackal
1999 Cherry Mammy
2008 Batman: Gotham Knight Alfred Pennyworth (voice) Direct-to-video
2009 Wonder Woman Zeus (voice)
2014 Son of Batman Alfred Pennyworth (voice)
2015 Batman vs. Robin
Television[edit]
Year
Title
Role
Notes
1961 Sir Francis Drake Lord Oakshott Episode: "The English Dragon" (S 1:Ep 6)
1963 The Outer Limits Gwyllm Griffiths Episode: "The Sixth Finger" (S 1:Ep 5)
1964 The Travels of Jaimie McPheeters Prophet Episode: "The Day Of The Search" (S 1:Ep 18)
Perry Mason Phillipe Bertain Episode: "The Case of the Fifty-Millionth Frenchman" (S 7:Ep 19)
The Great Adventure Captain Hanning Episodes:
"Kentucky's Bloody Ground" (S 1:Ep 23)
"The Siege of Boonesborough" (S 1:Ep 24)
The Outer Limits Tone Hobart Episode: "The Forms of Things Unknown" (S 1:Ep 32)
Profiles in Courage John Adams Episode: "John Adams" (S 1:Ep 7)
1964–68 The Man from U.N.C.L.E. Illya Kuryakin Main cast
1965 Hullabaloo Host
Credited as Dave McCallum
Episode: "Show 21" (S 2:Ep 21)
1966 Please Don't Eat the Daisies Illya Kuryakin Episode: "Say U.N.C.L.E." (S 1:Ep 18)
1969 Hallmark Hall of Fame Hamilton Cade Episode: "Teacher, Teacher" (S 18:Ep 3)
Hallmark Hall of Fame Kenneth Canfield Episode: "The File On Devlin" (S 19:Ep 1)
1970 Hauser's Memory Hillel Mondoro
Science fiction television film
Screenplay by Adrian Spies was based on a 1968 novel of the same name which was a sequel to the novel Donovan's Brain.
1971 Night Gallery Dr. Joel Winter Episode: "The Phantom Farmhouse" (S 2:Ep 16)
1971 The Man and the City Guest Episode: "Pipe Me A Loving Tune" (S 1:Ep 12)
1972–74 Colditz Simon Carter Main cast
1973 Frankenstein: The True Story Dr. Henry Clerval Made for TV film
The Six Million Dollar Man Alexi Kaslov Episode: "Wine, Women and War" (S 1:Ep 3)
1975–76 The Invisible Man Daniel Westin Main cast
1978 Kidnapped Alan Breck Stewart TV Miniseries
1979–82 Sapphire & Steel Steel Main cast
1982 Strike Force Roderick Howard Hadley III Episode: "Ice" (S 1:Ep 9)
1983 As the World Turns Maurice Vermeil Contract role
Return of the Man from U.N.C.L.E. Illya Kuryakin Made for TV film
1984 The Master Castile Episode: "Hostages" (S 1:Ep 4)
1986 Hart to Hart Geoffrey Atterton Episode: "Hunted Harts" (S 4:Ep 11)
Hammer House of Mystery and Suspense Frank Lane Episode: "The Corvini Inheritance" (S 1:Ep 10)
The A-Team Ivan Episode: "The Say U.N.C.L.E. Affair" (S 5:Ep 6)
1987 Matlock Phil Dudley Episode: "The Billionaire" (S 2:Ep 1)
1988 Alfred Hitchcock Presents Lieutenant Cavanaugh "Murder Party" (S 3:Ep 11)
Monsters The Feverman Episode: "The Feverman" (S 1:Ep 1 – "Pilot")
The Man Who Lived at the Ritz Charlie Ritz Made for TV film
1989 Murder, She Wrote Cyril Grantham Episode: "From Russia...With Love" (S 5:Ep 14)
Mother Love Sir Alexander "Alex" Vesey Main cast
McCloud Inspector Craig Made-for-TV-film titled The Return of Sam McCloud
1990 Murder, She Wrote Drew Garrison Episode: "Deadly Misunderstanding" (S 7:Ep 2)
Boon Simon Bradleigh Episode: "The Belles of St. Godwalds" (S 6:Ep 4)
Lucky Chances Bernard Dimes TV miniseries
Father Dowling Mysteries Sir Robert Episode: "The Royal Mystery" (S 3:Ep 1)
1991–92 Trainer John Grey Main cast
1991 Cluedo Professor Plum U. K. Game show
1993 seaQuest DSV Frank Cobb Episode: "seaWest" (S 1:Ep 11)
1994 Babylon 5 Dr. Vance Hendricks Episode: "Infection" (S 1:Ep 5)
Titanic: The Complete Story Narrator
Heartbeat Cooper Episode: "Arms and the Man" (S 4:Ep 10)
1994–95 Scavengers Narrator Voiceover
1995 VR-5 Dr. Joseph Bloom Main cast
1996 Mr. & Mrs. Smith Ian Felton Episode: "The Impossible Mission" (S 1:Ep 11)
1997 Law & Order Craig Holland Episode: "Past Imperfect" (S 7:Ep 22)
The Outer Limits Joshua Hayward Episode: "Feasibility Study" (S 3:Ep 17)
1997–98 Team Knight Rider Mobius Main cast
1998 Coming Home (TV serial) Billy Fawcett
March in Windy City Daniel Paterson / Dimitri Petrovsky Made for TV film
1999 Sex and the City Duncan Episode: "Shortcomings" (S 2:Ep 15)
2000 Deadline Harry Hobbs Episode: "Lovers and Madmen" (S 1:Ep 2)
2001–02 The Education of Max Bickford Walter Thornhill Main cast
2002 Jeremiah Clarence Episode: "Things Left Unsaid" (S 1:Ep 19)
2002–03 Taboo Narrator Episodes:
"Evil Spirits" (S 1: Ep8)
"Bloodsports" (S 1:Ep 12)
"Delicacies" (S 2: Ep 2)
"Body Perfect" (S 2:Ep 5)
2003 JAG Dr. Donald "Ducky" Mallard Episodes: "Ice Queen (1)", "Meltdown (2)"
2003–present NCIS Main cast
2006–09 The Replacements The voice of C.A.R.
2008–10 Ben 10: Alien Force Professor Paradox Recurring
2009 Batman: The Brave and the Bold Merlin Ambrosius Episode: "Day of the Dark Knight!" (S 1:Ep 5)
2010–12 Ben 10: Ultimate Alien Professor Paradox Recurring
2013–14 Ben 10: Omniverse
2014, 2016 NCIS: New Orleans Dr. Donald "Ducky" Mallard Episodes: "Musician Heal Thyself" (S 1:Ep 1), "Sister City, Part II" (S 2:Ep 12)
Video games[edit]
Year
Title
Role
Notes
1996 Privateer 2: The Darkening Captain of the Canera
Appears in the opening full-motion video cinematic
2009 Ben 10: Alien Force - Vilgax Attacks Professor Paradox
2009 FusionFall Paradox
2011 NCIS Video Game Dr. Donald "Ducky" Mallard
Voices his character from NCIS
Narrates the game
2014 Diablo III: Reaper of Souls The Grand Maester / King Rakkis His voice only appears in the Diablo III expansion DLC, Reaper of Souls.
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b c d Swann, Yvonne (30 November 2010). "David McCallum: My father sometimes felt I was wasting my life". Daily Mail. Retrieved 23 February 2013.
Jump up ^ "Interview fromMotion Picture magazine". Davidmccallumfansonline.com. Retrieved 15 December 2012.
Jump up ^ The London Gazette: 188. 26 March 1954 https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/40133/supplement/1882. Retrieved 7 January 2016. Missing or empty |title= (help)
Jump up ^ Swann, Yvonne (30 November 2010). "David McCallum: My father sometimes felt I was wasting my life | Mail Online". Dailymail.co.uk. Retrieved 16 December 2012.
Jump up ^ "VJ Books Presents David McCallum!". Vj Books. Retrieved 7 January 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b c d "U.N.C.L.E. Actor – David McCallum". manfromuncle.org. Retrieved 7 January 2016.
Jump up ^ Titmarsh, Alan. "David on the Alan Titmarsh Show, November 2010". McCallumMedia. Unknown. Retrieved 30 October 2017.
Jump up ^ "David McCallum Biography". Fandango. Retrieved 7 January 2016.
Jump up ^ Feeney, Mark (2 November 2008). "Audiences in the 1960s swooned over the cool men from U.N.C.L.E". Boston Globe. Retrieved 2 November 2008.
Jump up ^ "The Man From UNCLE: Behind the Scenes of a TV Classic". YouTube}. Retrieved 7 January 2016.
Jump up ^ "The Meat Puzzle". NCIS. Season 2. Episode 13. 8 February 2005. 21:37 minutes in.
Jump up ^ "David McCallum discusses medical examiner work". Davidmccallumfansonline.com. 27 May 2005. Retrieved 25 August 2010.
Jump up ^ Eng, Joyce (30 April 2012). "David McCallum re-ups NCIS contract". TV Guide.com. Retrieved 30 April 2012.
Jump up ^ Bucksbaum, Sydney (5 May 2014). "'NCIS' Season 12 and 13: Sean Murray, Pauley Perrette, David McCallum, Rocky Carroll sign new 2-year deals". Zap2it. Tribune Media. Retrieved 7 January 2016.
Jump up ^ Roberts, David (2006). British Hit Singles & Albums (19th ed.). London: Guinness World Records Limited. p. 337. ISBN 1-904994-10-5.
Jump up ^ Tucker, Neely; Tucker, Neely (11 January 2016). "At 82, 'NCIS' actor David McCallum has written a delicious crime caper". Retrieved 31 August 2017 – via WashingtonPost.com.
Jump up ^ "Why Man from U.N.C.L.E star David McCallum is learning new lines". HeraldScotland. Retrieved 31 August 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b "David Mcallum's heartache at death of adopted son – Celebrity Interview – Celebs + TV". People.co.uk. 27 June 2010. Retrieved 16 December 2012.
Jump up ^ Granberry, Michael (18 July 2014). "At 65, Jackson Browne continues to rock and roll, announcing a new album and world tour". Retrieved 25 July 2015.
Jump up ^ Lisa Respers (3 February 2009). "'NCIS' actor's portrayal is dead on". CNN.com. Retrieved 16 December 2012.
Jump up ^ McCallum, David (28 August 2015). "Celebrating the date I became an American citizen". Retrieved 22 May 2017.
Jump up ^ http://www.davidmccallumfansonline.com/goldenducky.htm
Jump up ^ "David McCallum: Credit Listings". TV.com. Retrieved 25 August 2010.
External links[edit]
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The Death of Superman
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Jump to: navigation, search
"The Death of Superman"
Cover of Superman vol. 2, #75 (Jan 1993).
Art by Dan Jurgens and Brett Breeding.
Publisher
DC Comics
Publication date
List[show]
Over three arcs:
"Doomsday!"
December 1992—January 1993
"Funeral for a Friend"
January—April 1993
"Reign of the Supermen!"
June—November 1993
Genre
Superhero
Crossover
[show]Title(s)
List[show]
("Doomsday!")
Action Comics #684
Adventures of Superman #497
Justice League America #69
Superman #74—75
Superman: The Man of Steel #18—19
("A Funeral for a Friend")
Action Comics #685—686
Adventures of Superman #498—500
Justice League America #70
Superman #76—77, #83
Superman: The Man of Steel #20—21
("Reign of the Supermen!")
Action Comics #687—691
Adventures of Superman #501—505
Green Lantern (vol. 3) #46
Superman #78—82
Superman: The Man of Steel #22—26
Main character(s)
List[show]
Superman
Eradicator
Superboy (Kon-El)
Steel
Cyborg Superman
Lois Lane
Justice League
Doomsday
Supergirl (Matrix)
Lex Luthor
Green Lantern (Hal Jordan)
Mongul
Creative team
Writer(s)
List[show]
(All 3 arcs)
Dan Jurgens; Louise Simonson; Roger Stern
(Arcs 1 and 2)
Jerry Ordway
(Arcs 2 and 3)
Karl Kesel
(Arc 2 only)
William Messner-Loebs
(Arc 3 only)
Gerard Jones
Penciller(s)
List[show]
(All 3 arcs)
Jon Bogdanove; Tom Grummett; Jackson Guice; Dan Jurgens
(Arc 2 only)
Dennis Janke; Denis Rodier; Walt Simonson; Curt Swan
(Arc 3 only)
M. D. Bright
Inker(s)
List[show]
(All 3 arcs)
Brett Breeding; Doug Hazelwood; Dennis Janke; Denis Rodier
(Arcs 1 and 2)
Rick Burchett
(Arc 2 only)
Mike Machlan; Ande Parks; Josef Rubinstein; Trevor Scott; Walter Simonson
(Arc 3 only)
Romeo Tanghal
Editor(s)
Mike Carlin
The Death of Superman
ISBN 1-56389-097-6
World Without a Superman
ISBN 1563891182
The Return of Superman
ISBN 1563891492
The Death and Return of Superman Omnibus
ISBN 1401215505
"The Death of Superman" is an American comic book crossover event published by DC Comics in its Superman-related comics. The crossover was devised by editor Mike Carlin and the Superman writing team of Dan Jurgens, Roger Stern, Louise Simonson, Jerry Ordway and Karl Kesel. "The Death of Superman" began in December 1992 and lasted until October 1993. It was published in Superman, Action Comics, The Adventures of Superman, Superman: The Man of Steel, Justice League America, and Green Lantern.
The crossover was conceived after Warner Bros. ordered the Superman writing team to halt production on a story in which Clark Kent (Superman) and Lois Lane would be married until the television series Lois & Clark: The New Adventures of Superman reached its wedding episode. While brainstorming for new ideas, Ordway jokingly suggested they should kill Superman; Carlin, reflecting on poor sales of the Superman books, decided it was the best option. "The Death of Superman" was written to surprise readers and show Superman is not invincible.
"The Death of Superman" is divided into three parts. The first, "Doomsday!", chronicles Superman's deadly fight with the bloodthirsty monster Doomsday and concludes with his apparent death. The second, "A Funeral for a Friend", depicts Superman's fellow superheroes and the rest of the world mourning to his death and Jonathan Kent's eventual heart attack. The final part, "Reign of the Supermen!", sees the emergence of four individuals claiming to be Superman and the original Superman's return.
When news broke that DC planned to kill off Superman, a beloved American pop icon, "The Death of Superman" gained unprecedented coverage from the mainstream media and caused a sensation. The majority of the story's installments were bestsellers; issue #75, which features Superman's death, sold over six million copies and was the top selling comic book issue of 1992. Retrospective reviewers found the story powerful, with some calling it one of the best Superman stories. However, it has also received criticism, with some commentators dismissing it as little more than a publicity stunt. Many readers believed DC had permanently killed Superman and felt deceived when he was revived.
The story has been repeatedly adapted into various forms of media, including the novelization Superman: Doomsday & Beyond (1993) and the video game The Death and Return of Superman (1994). An loose animated adaptation of the film, Superman: Doomsday, was released in 2007 and launched the DC Universe Animated Original Movies line. A second animated adaptation will be released as a two-part film in 2018 and 2019 and will be more faithful to the original story.
Contents
[hide]
1 Publication history
1.1 Background
1.2 Conception and development
1.3 Publication
2 Synopsis
2.1 "Doomsday!" (December 1992—January 1993)
2.2 "A Funeral for a Friend" (January—April 1993)
2.3 "Reign of the Supermen!" (June—November 1993)
3 Reception
3.1 At release
3.2 In later years
3.3 Legacy in comics
4 In other media
5 References
Publication history[edit]
Background[edit]
Superman is a superhero appearing in American comic books published by DC Comics. He was created by Jerry Siegel and Joe Shuster in 1933 as a villain, but the duo retooled him as a hero, feeling he would be more marketable.[1] Superman made his debut in Action Comics #1 on April 18, 1938,[2] to immediate success.[3] In 1939, Superman became the first superhero to headline his own comic book, Superman.[4] Superman's comics take place within a shared universe called the DC Universe, which also includes Batman, Wonder Woman, and the Flash, among others. This allows plot elements, characters, and settings to cross over with each other.[5]
In 1985, DC launched Crisis on Infinite Earths, a crossover event that resulted in the DC Universe being rebooted. Superman was re-envisioned in the 1986 limited series The Man of Steel by writer and artist John Byrne. The following year, Byrne relaunched Superman with a new first issue and the original Superman series was renamed The Adventures of Superman.[6] The relaunch was a major success for DC[7] and The Man of Steel #1 was the bestselling comic book issue of 1986.[8] Byrne spent two years on the Superman comics before leaving, becoming dissatisfied with DC's lack of "conscious support" for him and that the version of Superman which DC licensed for merchandising was contrary to Byrne's representation in the comic books.[9]
After Byrne's departure, the Superman comics experienced a decline in sales.[10] By 1992, they were only selling roughly 150,000 copies an issue,[11] despite the fact there were four Superman-focused comics being sold: Action Comics, Superman, The Adventures of Superman, and Superman: The Man of Steel. Therefore, a new Superman comic book issue debuted every week.[6] The Superman writing team attempted to make the comics more appealing by increasing the romance between Clark Kent (Superman's civilian identity) and Lois Lane. Eventually, the writers had Kent proposed to Lane and reveal he was Superman, and began to plan a storyline about their marriage.[10] Because of the close connection between each series, each's writing team regularly attended a "Superman Summit", where they would plan stories to occupy the comics.[12]
Conception and development[edit]
Jerry Ordway (pictured in 2012) jokingly suggested that DC should kill Superman
By 1992, while the Superman comics struggled, Warner Bros. (DC's owner) began developing Lois & Clark: The New Adventures of Superman, a television series for ABC which was premised upon a romantic relationship between Lane and Kent. One of the ideas that arose during production was the wedding of Lane and Kent. Warner Bros. learned that DC was planning the wedding in the Superman comic books, and as a result, DC, Warner Bros., and the Superman writing staff came together and reached an agreement: the wedding arc in the comic book would be put on hold, to resume once Lois & Clark reached its wedding episode. This did not happen until 1997. With the original storyline set aside in the comic, a new event was needed to replace it.[10][12]
The writing team was enraged they had to put aside a year's worth of story planning and flustered for ideas;[13] according to Louise Simonson, the team essentially had to come up with something at the last minute.[12] At the end of one meeting, Adventures of Superman writer Jerry Ordway jokingly suggested that they should just kill Superman.[10][13] The joke became a running gag in story meetings, but eventually gained traction with Superman group editor Mike Carlin.[13] In the documentary film Look, Up in the Sky: The Amazing Story of Superman, Carlin recalled, "the world was taking Superman for granted, so we literally said 'let's show what the world would be like without Superman'."[14] Dan Jurgens was the one who officially pitched the idea.[15] Ordway said he was shocked that DC allowed the project to proceed.[16] Jon Bogdanove recalled the story "almost began to write itself, from the end backwards. It felt like a story that could make the readers care again, the way we had always cared about Superman."[16]
Dan Jurgens in 2018
Jurgens created the concept of a monster tearing apart Metropolis and an issue that was a single fight separately from "The Death of Superman"; the team eventually decided to combine the ideas with "The Death of Superman".[16][12][15] Carlin had rejected the fight idea whenever Jurgens brought it up, feeling it would not be effective without a good story.[16] The writers felt that Superman's foes relied too much on technology and intellect, and desired a villain who could take him on physically. The name "Doomsday" was chosen after the phrase "doomsday for Superman" was written on the whiteboard used for planning. Doomsday's design—a massive, muscular humanoid with bones ripping through his skin—was also from Jurgens; the team wanted the character to have a distinctive look, so they gave all artists a few minutes to create designs and voted for the one they thought was best. The team did not feel giving Doomsday an origin was important.[12] Ordway recalled the most exciting part for him was exploring what the DC Universe would be like without Superman and had fun writing about peoples' reactions to his death.[16]
"The Death of Superman" was written to surprise readers: the writing team wanted to show readers that Superman was not invincible and could be killed by something other than Kryptonite. The eventual resurrection of Superman afterwards was also always planned and kept a secret. Simonson stated, "we had to sign nondisclosure agreements saying we couldn’t talk about it. We couldn’t reassure people that he was coming back.”[12] The issues showing Superman's fight with Doomsday featured a "countdown" of panels: the first had four panels per page, while the second had three, the third had two, and the last simply comprised splash pages.[17]
Publication[edit]
DC began to "aggressively" promote the story towards the end of 1992.[12] The first reference to the story within the comics was placed in Simonson's Superman: The Man of Steel #17 (November 1992); after the issue's story, Doomsday's fist is shown repeatedly punching a wall.[6] The crossover officially began the following issue, in which Doomsday is unleashed and begins to carve a brutal path of destruction across America.[12] Superman #75 (January 1993) contained Superman's fight to the death with Doomsday,[12] and was sold in a polybag with a black armband.[6] In May 1993, DC published a special issue, Newstime: The Life and Death of The Man of Steel, compiling fictional news stories about Superman's death and funeral.[18] Following the funeral, all the Superman comics went on hiatus for three to four months, ending with the release of The Adventures of Superman #500 (June 1993).[19] "The Death of Superman" concluded in October 1993 with The Adventures of Superman #505, in which Superman returns to Metropolis.[20]
Synopsis[edit]
"Doomsday!" (December 1992—January 1993)[edit]
Superman dies in Lois Lane's arms, panel from Superman #75 (January 1993). Art by Dan Jurgens and Brett Breeding.
Issues: Action Comics #684; The Adventures of Superman #497; Justice League America #69; Superman: The Man of Steel #18—19; Superman #74—75
Writers: Dan Jurgens; Louise Simonson; Roger Stern; Jerry Ordway
Pencillers: Dan Jurgens; Jon Bogdanove; Tom Grummett; Jackson Guice
Inkers: Brett Breeding; Doug Hazelwood; Dennis Janke; Denis Rodier; Rick Burchett
The Justice League International (Guy Gardner, Blue Beetle, Booster Gold, Maxima, Fire, Ice, and Bloodwynd) responds to a call from a smashed big-rig outside of Bucyrus, Ohio and encounter a bloodthirsty monster in a green bodysuit that systematically takes the team apart, starting by throwing a tree trunk through their aircraft and finishing by punching Booster Gold into the stratosphere. Booster Gold is caught in midair by Superman and compares the monster's rampage to end times, thus providing it with the name Doomsday.
Superman, having cut short a television interview with Cat Grant, and the remaining League members follow the threat to the home of a single mother and her two children. They engage Doomsday, destroying the house in the process. The League attacks Doomsday with all their energy-projection powers; the only discernible effect is that much of his bodysuit is burned off, revealing Doomsday's rough skin with bones ripping through. Doomsday again defeats the League, causes the house to explode into flames, and then leaps away. Superman follows, after saving the family.
Superman throws Doomsday into a lake. After escaping from the lake bed, Doomsday and Superman tear up a city street. Maxima then reenters the fray. Lois Lane and Jimmy Olsen are sent to cover the battle for television, while Superman's archenemy Lex Luthor (masquerading as his non-existent son "Lex Luthor II") dissuades Supergirl from joining the fight. The fight continues at a gas station, where Maxima rips a light post from the ground; the sparks from the wiring ignite the leaking gasoline and the station is destroyed in a huge explosion. Guardian arrives after Doomsday leaves, finding Superman and Maxima, and offers his aid.
Superman follows Doomsday's trail of destruction, waiting for an opportunity to attack. With the monster's rampage drawing closer, Luthor convinces Supergirl that she is needed in Metropolis while Superman is fighting elsewhere. While demolishing an appliance store, Doomsday sees a commercial for a wrestling show being held in Metropolis and heads for the city. Superman engages him and throws him in the opposite direction, where he lands on the mountain housing Project Cadmus. They brawl throughout Habitat, a living forest connected to Cadmus, bringing most of it down.
When Guardian arrives, Doomsday knocks him down and leaps toward Metropolis. Doomsday is driven below ground, where he ruptures gas and electrical mains, leveling Newtown, a large section of Metropolis. Supergirl goes to Superman's aid, but a single punch from Doomsday knocks her to the ground. Professor Emil Hamilton and Bibbo Bibbowski, Superman's allies, fire a laser cannon at Doomsday, but it does not harm him. The local police open fire on Doomsday, but again, he is not harmed. Superman returns to the fight and eventually it leads to the heart of the city.
Doomsday and an exhausted Superman fight each other with everything they have. They strike each other with so much force that the shockwaves from their punches shatter windows. At the struggle's culminating moment in front of the Daily Planet building, both lay a massive blow upon each other, killing Doomsday and mortally wounding Superman. In the arms of a frantic Lane, Superman succumbs to his wounds and dies. Jimmy, Ice, Bloodwynd, and Guardian are also present at the end, with Jimmy bitterly photographing the images of Superman's fall.
"A Funeral for a Friend" (January—April 1993)[edit]
Issues: Action Comics #685—686; The Adventures of Superman #498—500; Justice League America #70; Superman #76—77, #83; Superman: The Man of Steel #20—21
Writers: Dan Jurgens; Louise Simonson; Roger Stern; Jerry Ordway; Karl Kesel; William Messner-Loebs
Pencillers: Jon Bogdanove; Tom Grummett; Jackson Guice; Dan Jurgens; Dennis Janke; Denis Rodier; Walt Simonson; Curt Swan
Inkers: Brett Breeding; Doug Hazelwood; Dennis Janke; Denis Rodier; Rick Burchett; Mike Machlan; Ande Parks; Josef Rubinstein; Trevor Scott; Walter Simonson
The world is stunned and traumatized by Superman's death. A mausoleum is built in Metropolis in his honor, provided by Luthor, who says that if he could not kill Superman, then the least he wants is to bury him. His funeral is attended by nearly every single superhero, as well as some supervillains and Bill and Hillary Clinton. Every hero, even those who did not get along with him, wear a black arm band featuring Superman's S-shield logo. After the funeral, Project Cadmus steals Superman's body from his mausoleum, allegedly to clone him. The body is recovered by Lane and Supergirl.
With Superman gone, the crime rate rises and the costumed heroes of Metropolis rise to fill in as protectors. Supergirl, Gangbuster, Thorn, and a team funded by Luthor all try but are insufficient. Jonathan Kent, Superman's adoptive father, takes his death the hardest, and begins to lose himself in memories. One night, while reading a newspaper story written by Lane in honor of Superman, Jonathan begins to feel responsible for his son's death and has a heart attack in his wife Martha's arms.
"Reign of the Supermen!" (June—November 1993)[edit]
Promotional images for "Reign of the Supermen!"
Issues: Action Comics #687—691; The Adventures of Superman #501—505; Green Lantern #46; Superman #78—82; Superman: The Man of Steel #22—26
Writers: Dan Jurgens; Louise Simonson; Roger Stern; Karl Kesel; Gerard Jones
Pencillers: Jon Bogdanove; Tom Grummett; Jackson Guice; Dan Jurgens; M. D. Bright
Brett Breeding; Doug Hazelwood; Dennis Janke; Denis Rodier; Romeo Tanghal
While in a coma, Jonathan meets Superman in the afterlife and convinces him to come back to life, before reawakening. Coinciding with this is the arrival of four men—Steel, the Cyborg Superman, Superboy, and Eradicator—who claim to be Superman and Lane's discovery that his grave is empty. Steel and Superboy are quickly disproven, but the Cyborg and Eradicator both seem to recall memories Superman had. Hamilton tests the Cyborg and states he is the real Superman. In actuality, Eradicator stole Superman's body and placed it in a regeneration matrix in the Fortress of Solitude, drawing on his recovering energies to power himself.
The matrix breaks open and Superman emerges, although he has been weakened. The Cyborg helps Mongul destroy Coast City in an effort to kill Superboy and begins to build Engine City in its ruins. Superboy escapes and asks Steel to help him fight the Cyborg. A giant armored suit rises from the harbor and Superboy and Steel attack it. Damaged, the suit falls apart, revealing Superman. Superman, Steel, Superboy, and Supergirl travel to Engine City and attack. During the fight, the Cyborg launches a missile at Metropolis with the intent of destroying it and putting a second Engine City in its place. Superboy manages to stop the missile before it strikes Metropolis.
Hal Jordan returns to find Coast City, his hometown, destroyed. Devastated, Jordan immediately attacks Engine City and fights Mongul, shattering Steel's hammer across Mongul's face. Meanwhile, Eradicator joins the fight and shields Superman from Kryptonite gas. The gas interacts with Eradicator before passing into Superman, allowing Superman to regain his powers but causing Eradicator to die. Superman then attacks the Cyborg and destroys his body. Supergirl uses her powers to reconstruct Superman's original costume, and they return to Metropolis.
Reception[edit]
At release[edit]
As DC did not make the fact that Superman would be revived at the end public, many fans believed "The Death of Superman" had permanently killed Superman, a beloved American pop icon.[12] Thus, the story attracted unprecedented coverage from the mainstream media; NPR reviewer Glen Weldon stated "news outlets like Newsweek, People, and New York's Newsday pounced upon the 'story.'"[4] Jurgens later stated he did not anticipate the media coverage and also recalled that the first news story about it he saw was on NBC Nightly News.[15] Mark Potts (The Washington Post) speculated the event was simply a publicity stunt, but nonetheless was interested what a world without Superman would be like.[11]
Saturday Night Live parodied "The Death of Superman" in the eighth episode of its 18th season. The sketch depicts Superman's funeral being attended by the cast of DC, as well as several characters from Marvel Comics. Black Lightning (Sinbad) tries to enter the funeral, but no one knows him even though he claims to have taught Superman how to fly.[21] Jerry Siegel, who in 1961 had predicted Superman would eventually be killed, met with Carlin to tell him that he was very impressed by "The Death of Superman".[16]
The attention the story got caused "The Death of Superman" to become an unforeseen success. Comic book retailers ordered five million copies of Superman #75 in advance, and many people who had never read comics bought the issue in hopes of it becoming an expensive collector's item.[4] DC shipped between 2.5 and three million copies of the issue when it was released on November 17, 1992 and it sold out across America. Issue #75 brought in a total of US$30 million during its first day on sale[22] and ultimately sold more than six million copies.[4] The first installments of "Reign of the Supermen!" were the top five best-selling comic books for the month.[23] Superman #75 was the bestselling comic book issue of 1992[24] and the four bestselling issues of 1993 were Superman-related.[25]
In later years[edit]
In the years since its release, some commentators have dismissed "The Death of Superman" as little more than a publicity stunt to give the Superman comics a brief surge in sales and have contended it caused a decline in the comic book industry.[4][16][19] Indeed, each series' sales immediately declined following Superman's resurrection[4] and many fans felt they had been deceived when he was revived.[12] This frustration was mocked in "Worst Episode Ever", the eleventh episode of The Simpsons' twelfth season, in which Nelson Muntz holds the comic The Death Of Sad Sack and declares "this better not be another fake-out", in reference to the angry reaction to the revival.[26]
ComicsAlliance writer Chris Sims believed that most people bought Superman #75 just to see Superman's death,[17] while Weldon speculated its sales were propelled by hopes it would become valuable.[6] Sims recalled that when he worked in a comic book store in 2009, some customers were shocked that DC was still publishing Superman comics, as they did not read the story's conclusion.[17] Stern denied "The Death of Superman" was a publicity stunt, believing the sensation was caused only because it was a good story: "The word got out on a slow news day, and the media storm that followed was greater than anything we could have hoped for. But it was all thanks to the story's power."[16]
Aside from this, "The Death of Superman" has been generally seen favorably. Sims called the event DC's greatest success of the 1990s and one of the definitive Superman stories, noting while killing off an important comics character was not an original idea, "The Death of Superman" seemed more ambitious and had a greater legacy.[17] Steve Morris (Comics Beat) also thought it had a major impact, saying it had "strong storytelling and a simple, if well-done, central narrative."[27] Morris said the story was well planned, especially considering the fact it could have easily misfired.[27] Brian Salvatore (Multiversity Comics) thought the story was effective and "present[ed] some pretty compelling arguments for why Superman is the greatest superhero of all time, without ever really coming out and saying that." He also praised the characterization for forcing Superman not to predict the movements of Doomsday, and rather rely on pure instinct.[28]
Not all reviewers have been as positive. Chad Nevett (Comic Book Resources) called the story boring and jumbled (comparing issue #75 to "more of trading cards that intend to tell a story than an actual comic story") and viewed it as just another typical event crossover.[29] Morris did criticize its subplots (calling them nonsensical) and felt Doomsday was terribly designed, disagreeing with Sims that it was a definitive Superman story.[27] Salvatore felt it had missed opportunities and criticized the Justice League's role in the story, comparing them to punching bags. Both Salvatore and Nevett thought Doomsday came out of nowhere,[28][29] and Nevett joked he was a "walking plot device" rather than a true villain.[29]
Legacy in comics[edit]
"The Death of Superman" had an immediate effect on DC's comics. After its success, DC began a series of events that resulted in its most iconic heroes being killed or disabled.[4] Batman followed shortly afterward, with the "Knightfall" crossover, followed by Wonder Woman, Green Lantern, Green Arrow, and the Flash.[6] Green Lantern's event, "Emerald Twilight", in which he turned into the villain Parallax, was directly caused by events that occurred during "The Death of Superman".[10] "With the industry in freefall," wrote Weldon, "it didn't matter much to DC that death/disabling stunts offered only brief sales spikes."[4]
The characters established during "The Death of Superman"—Doomsday, Steel, Superboy, and the Cyborg Superman—would all become recurring characters in DC's comics. Superboy and Steel both received their own ongoing series after the story's conclusion[6] and Steel went on to star in his own movie, in which he was portrayed by Superman fan Shaquille O'Neal.[30] Superboy remained a fixture of the DC Universe until he was killed in Infinite Crisis (2005—2006).[6] The Cyborg Superman became a recurring nemesis of Superman and Green Lantern.[6] Doomsday's origin story was explored in Superman/Doomsday: Hunter/Prey (1995)[12] and the character returned in later storylines, most notably in "Reign of Doomsday" (2011), which heavily references "The Death of Superman" and features Doomsday hunting down Steel, Superboy, Eradicator, and the Cyborg Superman.[31]
In 2011, DC relaunched its entire comics line in an initiative called the New 52, which revamped the DC Universe and erased certain events. Superman was altered considerably, being shorter-tempered and was no longer in love with Lois Lane.[32] However, "The Death of Superman" remained intact in the new DC Universe.[33]
In other media[edit]
Roger Stern wrote a novelization of "The Death of Superman", The Death and Life of Superman, in 1993 (hardcover ISBN 0-553-09582-X; paperback ISBN 0-553-56930-9). A young adult book was written by Louise Simonson under the title Superman: Doomsday & Beyond and released at the same time as the hardcover of Death and Life. It features cover art by Alex Ross (ISBN 0-553-48168-1).
A video game based on the story, The Death and Return of Superman, was developed by Blizzard Entertainment and Sunsoft and released in 1994 for the Super Nintendo Entertainment System and 1995 for the Sega Genesis. The Death and Return of Superman is a side-scrolling beat 'em up in which the player controls Superman, Superboy, Steel, Eradicator, and the Cyborg Superman as they attempt to save Metropolis. Nintendo Life's Dave Cook considered it the game that "finally [gave] Superman the video game justice he deserves in what is undoubtedly one of his most celebrated stories"[34] and IGN's Greg Miller called it one of his favorite games and said it was what inspired him to become a video game journalist.[35]
In the wake of "The Death of Superman", Warner Bros. acquired the rights to produce Superman films. It hired Jon Peters to write a script for a sequel to Superman IV: The Quest for Peace. The film, called Superman Reborn, would have heavily borrowed from "The Death of Superman", including the fight-to-the-death between Superman and Doomsday. However, Warner Bros. disliked the script due to its similar themes to Batman Forever (1995). Later script rewrites altered the story considerably and the film ultimately never came to fruition.[36]
In 2007, an animated adaptation, Superman: Doomsday, was released direct-to-video.[37] Superman: Doomsday is only loosely based on "The Death of Superman"; in order to fit it within a 75-minute runtime, the story was condensed and greatly altered.[38] The film was a commercial success[6] and started the DC Universe Original Animated Movies line of direct-to-video releases.[38][39]
Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice (2016) draws narrative elements from "The Death of Superman". In the film's climax, Lex Luthor uses forbidden Kryptonian genetic engineering projects to combine General Zod's corpse with his own DNA, causing Doomsday's creation. Using a Kryptonite spear, Superman stabs Doomsday, but Doomsday stabs Superman in return with a bone spur emerging from his right wrist after Wonder Woman cut off the monster's hand, resulting in both combatants dying in the battle.[40]
In 2017, DC announced a two-part animated adaptation, The Death of Superman and Reign of the Supermen, to be released as part of the DC Universe Original Animated Movies line in late 2018 and early 2019.[41] The new adaptation will be more faithful to the original story; according to DC's Tim Beedle, the film is "much less condensed and will include many of the fan-favorite moments from the story that were left out of Doomsday."[38]
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Jump up ^ Mclaughlin, Robert (July 17, 2009). "How Superman became Will Smith's adversary". Den of Geek. Retrieved April 21, 2018.
Jump up ^ Franich, Darren (March 28, 2016). "Death of Superman returns". Entertainment Weekly. Retrieved April 20, 2018.
Jump up ^ Matadeen, Renaldo (February 25, 2018). "Death of Superman Animated Film Debuts First Image". Comic Book Resources. Retrieved April 16, 2018.
[show]
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Lex Luthor: The Unauthorized Biography
Birthright
The Man of Steel
Superman and Wonder Woman: The Hidden Killer
Superman for All Seasons
Superman/Shazam: First Thunder
Superman Unchained
Superman vs. Muhammad Ali
Superman: Last Stand of New Krypton
Superman: Secret Origin
Superman: World of New Krypton
Superman: The Wedding Album
Superman: War of the Supermen
Outside
continuity
All-Star Superman
"The K-Metal from Krypton"
"The Sandman Saga"
Son of Superman
Superboy: The Comic Book
Superboy's Legion
Superman Adventures
Superman: At Earth's End
Superman: Earth One
Superman: The Last Family of Krypton
Superman: The Feral Man of Steel
Superman: Last Son of Earth
Superman: Last Stand on Krypton
Superman's Metropolis
The Superman Monster
Superman: Red Son
Superman: Secret Identity
Superman: Speeding Bullets
Superman: The Dark Side
Superman: True Brit
Superman: War of the Worlds
Superman & Batman: Generations
Whatever Happened to the Man of Tomorrow?
Whom Gods Destroy
Crossovers
Superman/Aliens
Superman & Bugs Bunny
Superman and Batman versus Aliens and Predator
Superman vs. The Amazing Spider-Man
Superman and Spider-Man
Superman/Fantastic Four
Superman vs. Predator
Superman/Tarzan: Sons of the Jungle
Superman vs. The Terminator: Death to the Future
Storylines
"For the Man Who Has Everything"
"The Greatest Hero of Them All"
"The Death of Superman"
"Worlds Collide"
"The Trial of Superman!"
"Superman Red/Superman Blue"
"What's So Funny About Truth, Justice & the American Way?"
"For Tomorrow"
"Up, Up and Away!"
"Last Son"
"Kryptonite"
"Superman and the Legion of Super-Heroes"
"The Third Kryptonian"
"The Coming of Atlas"
"Brainiac"
"New Krypton"
"World of New Krypton"
"World Without Superman"
"Last Stand of New Krypton"
War of the Supermen
"Grounded"
"Reign of Doomsday"
"H'El on Earth"
"Superman: Doomed"
Other
The Superman Chronicles
Superman (comic strip)
Action Comics #1
Action Comics #1000
[show]
v
t
e
DC Comics crossover event publication history
1980s
"Crisis on Infinite Earths" (April 1985)
"Legends" (November 1986)
"Millennium" (January 1988)
"Invasion!" (January 1989)
"The Janus Directive" (May 1989)
1990s
"Armageddon 2001" (May 1991)
"War of the Gods" (September 1991)
"Eclipso: The Darkness Within" (July 1992)
"The Death of Superman" (October 1992)
"Knightfall" (April 1993)
"Trinity" (August 1993)
"Bloodlines" (1993)
"Worlds Collide" (July 1994)
"End of an Era" (August 1994)
"Zero Hour: Crisis in Time" (September 1994)
"Underworld Unleashed" (November 1995)
"Batman: Contagion" (March 1996)
"DC vs. Marvel" (April 1996)
"Batman: Legacy" (August 1996)
"The Final Night" (November 1996)
"Genesis" (October 1997)
"Batman: Cataclysm" (March 1998)
"DC One Million" (November 1998)
"Batman: No Man's Land" (March 1999)
"Day of Judgment" (November 1999)
"JLApe: Gorilla Warfare!" (1999)
2000s
"Our Worlds at War" (August 2001)
"Joker: Last Laugh" (December 2001)
"Bruce Wayne: Fugitive" (March 2002)
"JLA/Avengers" (September 2003)
"Identity Crisis" (June 2004)
"Infinite Crisis" (December 2005)
"Amazons Attack!" (March 2007)
"Sinestro Corps War" (August 2007)
"Final Crisis" (July 2008)
"Blackest Night" (June 2009)
2010s
"Brightest Day" (May 2010)
"Reign of Doomsday" (January 2011)
"Flashpoint" (May 2011)
"The Culling" (November 2011)
"Night of the Owls" (April 2012)
"Death of the Family" (October 2012)
"H'El on Earth" (October 2012)
"Throne of Atlantis" (November 2012)
"Batman: Zero Year" (June 2013)
"Trinity War" (July 2013)
"Forever Evil" (September 2013)
"Blight"
"Convergence" (April 2015)
"The Button" (April 2017)
"Dark Nights: Metal" (June 2017)
"Doomsday Clock" (November 2017)
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The_Death_of_Superman&oldid=837880802"
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