C'était quoi la différence entre le bain du samedi et le bain du quotidien quand l'eau courante est arrivée ?
Soap promoted for personal cleanliness

By the mid-19th century, the English urbanised middle classes had formed an ideology of cleanliness that ranked alongside typical Victorian concepts, such as Christianity, respectability and social progress. The cleanliness of the individual became associated with his or her moral and social standing within the community and domestic life became increasingly regulated by concerns regarding the presentation of domestic sobriety and cleanliness.

The industry of soapmaking began on a small scale in the 1780s, with the establishment of a soap manufactory at Tipton by James Keir and the marketing of high-quality, transparent soap in 1789 by Andrew Pears of London. It was in the mid-19th century, though, that the large-scale consumption of soap by the middle classes, anxious to prove their social standing, drove forward the mass production and marketing of soap.

William Gossage produced low-priced, good-quality soap from the 1850s. William Hesketh Lever and his brother, James, bought a small soap works in Warrington in 1886 and founded what is still one of the largest soap businesses, formerly called Lever Brothers and now called Unilever. These soap businesses were among the first to employ large-scale advertising campaigns.

Before the late 19th century, water to individual places of residence was rare. Many countries in Europe developed a water collection and distribution network. London water supply infrastructure developed through major 19th-century treatment works built in response to cholera threats, to modern large-scale reservoirs. By the end of the century, private baths with running hot water were increasingly common in affluent homes in America and Britain.

At the beginning of the 20th century, a weekly Saturday night bath had become common custom for most of the population. A half day's work on Saturday for factory workers allowed them some leisure to prepare for the Sunday day of rest. The half day off allowed time for the considerable labor of drawing, carrying, and heating water, filling the bath and then afterward emptying it. To economize, bath water was shared by all family members. Indoor plumbing became more common in the 20th century and commercial advertising campaigns pushing new bath products began to influence public ideas about cleanliness, promoting the idea of a daily shower or bath.

In the twenty-first century challenges to the need for soap to effect such everyday cleanliness and whether soap is needed to avoid body odor, appeared in media.
Histoire

Les premières traces de l'utilisation des bains remontent à 3000 avant J.-C. À cette époque, l'eau avait une forte valeur religieuse, étant considérée comme un élément purificateur pour le corps et l'âme. Il n'était donc pas rare que les gens soient tenus de se purifier avant d'entrer dans un lieu sacré. Les bains sont mentionnés comme faisant partie de la vie villageoise ou urbaine tout au long de cette période, avec une distinction entre les bains de vapeur en Europe et en Amérique et les bains froids en Asie. Les bains publics étaient construits dans une zone distincte des logements du village.

Presque toutes les centaines de maisons excavées possédaient une salle de bain. Généralement située au rez-de-chaussée, la baignoire était en brique, parfois avec une bordure environnante sur laquelle s'asseoir. L'eau s'écoulait par un trou dans le sol, via des glissières ou des tuyaux en poterie dans les murs, et se déversait dans le système d'égouts municipal. Même les Égyptiens les plus méticuleux avaient rarement des salles de bains spéciales.
### Query ###
C'était quoi la différence entre le bain du samedi et le bain du quotidien quand l'eau courante est arrivée ?

### Main Text ###
Soap promoted for personal cleanliness

By the mid-19th century, the English urbanised middle classes had formed an ideology of cleanliness that ranked alongside typical Victorian concepts, such as Christianity, respectability and social progress. The cleanliness of the individual became associated with his or her moral and social standing within the community and domestic life became increasingly regulated by concerns regarding the presentation of domestic sobriety and cleanliness.

The industry of soapmaking began on a small scale in the 1780s, with the establishment of a soap manufactory at Tipton by James Keir and the marketing of high-quality, transparent soap in 1789 by Andrew Pears of London. It was in the mid-19th century, though, that the large-scale consumption of soap by the middle classes, anxious to prove their social standing, drove forward the mass production and marketing of soap.

William Gossage produced low-priced, good-quality soap from the 1850s. William Hesketh Lever and his brother, James, bought a small soap works in Warrington in 1886 and founded what is still one of the largest soap businesses, formerly called Lever Brothers and now called Unilever. These soap businesses were among the first to employ large-scale advertising campaigns.

Before the late 19th century, water to individual places of residence was rare. Many countries in Europe developed a water collection and distribution network. London water supply infrastructure developed through major 19th-century treatment works built in response to cholera threats, to modern large-scale reservoirs. By the end of the century, private baths with running hot water were increasingly common in affluent homes in America and Britain.

At the beginning of the 20th century, a weekly Saturday night bath had become common custom for most of the population. A half day's work on Saturday for factory workers allowed them some leisure to prepare for the Sunday day of rest. The half day off allowed time for the considerable labor of drawing, carrying, and heating water, filling the bath and then afterward emptying it. To economize, bath water was shared by all family members. Indoor plumbing became more common in the 20th century and commercial advertising campaigns pushing new bath products began to influence public ideas about cleanliness, promoting the idea of a daily shower or bath.

In the twenty-first century challenges to the need for soap to effect such everyday cleanliness and whether soap is needed to avoid body odor, appeared in media.

### Supplementary Text ###
Histoire

Les premières traces de l'utilisation des bains remontent à 3000 avant J.-C. À cette époque, l'eau avait une forte valeur religieuse, étant considérée comme un élément purificateur pour le corps et l'âme. Il n'était donc pas rare que les gens soient tenus de se purifier avant d'entrer dans un lieu sacré. Les bains sont mentionnés comme faisant partie de la vie villageoise ou urbaine tout au long de cette période, avec une distinction entre les bains de vapeur en Europe et en Amérique et les bains froids en Asie. Les bains publics étaient construits dans une zone distincte des logements du village.

Presque toutes les centaines de maisons excavées possédaient une salle de bain. Généralement située au rez-de-chaussée, la baignoire était en brique, parfois avec une bordure environnante sur laquelle s'asseoir. L'eau s'écoulait par un trou dans le sol, via des glissières ou des tuyaux en poterie dans les murs, et se déversait dans le système d'égouts municipal. Même les Égyptiens les plus méticuleux avaient rarement des salles de bains spéciales.

### Draft ###

### 1. Query Decomposition

"C'était quoi la différence entre le bain du samedi et le bain du quotidien quand l'eau courante est arrivée ?"

Breaking down: ● "bain du samedi" = Saturday bath ritual ● "bain du quotidien" = daily routine bathing ● "eau courante" = running water infrastructure ● "arrivée" = arrival/adoption

Key semantic challenge: French "bain" carries ritual weight beyond mere "bath" → ceremonial vs practical distinction.

### 2. Historical Context Mapping

Timeframe: Late 19th/early 20th century industrial Britain/America
Geographic: Urban middle classes, factory workers
Domain: Social history, domestic technology adoption

? Critical question: When exactly did "running water" arrive in households?
→ 1880s-1900s for urban areas, wealthier households first
→ Plumbing infrastructure = gradual, uneven adoption

### 3. Information Triangulation

**Pre-plumbing era (◐):**
- Saturday bathing: Shared family ritual, weekend tradition
- Process: Fetch water → heat → fill tub → family rotation → drain
- Time investment: 2-3 hours total labor
- Social function: Weekly purification, community/family bonding

**Daily bathing (○):**
- Frequency: Limited to Saturday due to resource constraints
- Physical limitations: Water heating, carrying, storage capacity
- Economic barrier: Fuel costs, labor time

**Post-plumbing era (●):**
- Running water eliminates logistical barriers
- Daily bathing becomes practical/possible
- Commercial soap industry expansion
- Advertising campaigns promoting daily hygiene

### 4. Verification Against Physical Constraints

Water heating physics: ✓ Traditional methods (wood fires, coal) = slow, limited capacity
Family size dynamics: ✓ 4-6 person households sharing single bath = practical necessity
Geographic distribution: ✓ Industrial cities = first adoption, rural areas lagged

### 5. Synthesis

Core difference: **Accessibility barrier removal**

Pre-running water: Saturday bathing = ritual/practical necessity
- Shared family experience
- Intensive labor required
- Weekly reset ritual

Post-running water: Daily bathing becomes routine
- Individual hygiene freedom
- Commercial influence (soap advertising)
- Cultural shift toward constant cleanliness

! Key insight: Technology adoption creates social transformation beyond mere convenience → ritual becomes routine, collective becomes individual, scarcity becomes abundance.

**Potential limitations:** ⚠ Regional variations significant, class-based differences, rural vs urban experiences differed substantially.

∴ Answer focuses on industrial/urban experience, acknowledges complexity of broader social factors in hygiene adoption patterns.

### Answer###
Avant l'arrivée de l'eau courante, le bain du samedi était une pratique sociale et familiale importante qui se distinguait nettement du bain quotidien traditionnel. Le bain hebdomadaire du samedi soir était devenu une coutume commune au début du 20e siècle pour la majorité de la population. Cette pratique était possible grâce à la demi-journée de travail accordée le samedi aux ouvriers d'usine, leur permettant de disposer du temps nécessaire pour effectuer les tâches considérables d'extraction, de transport et de chauffage de l'eau, ainsi que de remplir puis vider la baignoire.

Cette contrainte pratique avait des implications sociales importantes : l'eau de bain était partagée par tous les membres de la famille pour économiser les ressources. Contrairement au bain quotidien moderne, qui est devenu courant au 20e siècle grâce à l'amélioration des infrastructures sanitaires, le bain du samedi était un événement social et domestique structuré autour des limitations techniques et économiques de l'époque.

L'arrivée de l'eau courante privée dans les foyers aisés à la fin du 19e siècle, suivie de la commercialisation intensive des produits de bain et des campagnes publicitaires, a transformé cette pratique rituelle du samedi en une possibilité quotidienne, démocratisant progressivement les habitudes de propreté personnelle.