Comment la relation professionnelle entre William et Caroline Herschel a-t-elle évolué après son mariage en 1788 ?
Works with his sister Caroline Herschel

Following the death of their father, William suggested that Caroline join him in Bath, England. In 1772, Caroline was first introduced to astronomy by her brother.

Caroline spent many hours polishing the mirrors of high performance telescopes so that the amount of light captured was maximized. She also copied astronomical catalogues and other publications for William. After William accepted the office of King's Astronomer to George III, Caroline became his constant assistant.

In October 1783, a new 20-foot telescope came into service for William. During this time, William was attempting to observe and then record all of the observations. He had to run inside and let his eyes readjust to the artificial light before he could record anything, and then he would have to wait until his eyes were adjusted to the dark before he could observe again. Caroline became his recorder by sitting at a desk near an open window. William would shout out his observations and she would write them down along with any information he needed from a reference book.

Caroline began to make astronomical discoveries in her own right, particularly comets. In 1783, William built her a small Newtonian reflector telescope, with a handle to make a vertical sweep of the sky. Between 1783 and 1787, she made an independent discovery of M110 (NGC 205), which is the second companion of the Andromeda Galaxy. During the years 1786–1797, she discovered or observed eight comets. She found fourteen new nebulae and, at her brother's suggestion, updated and corrected Flamsteed's work detailing the position of stars. She also rediscovered Comet Encke in 1795.

Caroline Herschel's eight comets were published between 28 August 1782 to 5 February 1787. Five of her comets were published in Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society. William was even summoned to Windsor Castle to demonstrate Caroline's comet to the royal family. William recorded this phenomenon himself, terming it "My Sister's Comet." She wrote letters to the Astronomer Royal to announce the discovery of her second comet, and wrote to Joseph Banks upon the discovery of her third and fourth comets.

The Catalogue of stars taken from Mr Flamsteed's observations contained an index of more than 560 stars that had not been previously included. Caroline Herschel was honoured by the Royal Astronomical Society for this work in 1828.

Caroline also continued to serve as William Herschel's assistant, often taking notes while he observed at the telescope. For her work as William's assistant, she was granted an annual salary of £50 by George III. Her appointment made her the first female in England to be honoured with a government position. It also made her the first woman to be given a salary as an astronomer.

In June 1785, owing to damp conditions, William and Caroline moved to Clay Hall in Old Windsor. On 3 April 1786, the Herschels moved to a new residence on Windsor Road in Slough. Herschel lived the rest of his life in this residence, which came to be known as Observatory House. It was demolished in 1963.

William Herschel's marriage in 1788 caused a lot of tension in the brother-sister relationship. Caroline has been referred to as a bitter, jealous woman who worshipped her brother and resented her sister-in-law for invading her domestic life. With the arrival of Mary, Caroline lost her managerial and social responsibilities in the household, and with them much of her status. Caroline destroyed her journals between the years 1788 to 1798, so her feelings during this period are not entirely known. According to her memoir, Caroline then moved to separate lodgings, but continued to work as her brother's assistant. When her brother and his family were away from their home, she would often return to take care of it for them. In later life, Caroline and Lady Herschel exchanged affectionate letters.

Caroline continued her astronomical work after William's death in 1822. She worked to verify and confirm his findings as well as putting together catalogues of nebulae. Towards the end of her life, she arranged two-and-a-half thousand nebulae and star clusters into zones of similar polar distances. She did this so that her nephew, John, could re-examine them systematically. Eventually, this list was enlarged and renamed the New General Catalogue. In 1828, she was awarded the Gold Medal of the Royal Astronomical Society for her work.
Relations avec William

Tout au long de ses écrits, elle a clairement exprimé son désir de gagner sa propre subsistance et d’être financièrement indépendante. Lorsque la couronne commença à la rémunérer pour son aide à son frère en 1787, elle devint la première femme – à une époque où même les hommes recevaient rarement un salaire pour des entreprises scientifiques – à percevoir un salaire pour ses services à la science. Sa pension était de 50 £ par an, et c’était la première somme d’argent que Caroline avait jamais gagnée de ses propres moyens.

Lorsque William épousa une riche veuve, Mary Pitt (née Baldwin) en 1788, l’union entraîna des tensions dans la relation fraternelle. Caroline a été dépeinte comme une femme amère et jalouse qui vénérait son frère et qui éprouvait du ressentiment envers ceux qui empiétaient sur leur vie domestique.

Dans son livre L’Âge de la merveille, Richard Holmes se montre plus compréhensif envers la position de Caroline, soulignant que, à bien des égards, le changement fut négatif pour elle. Avec l’arrivée de la femme de William, Caroline perdit ses responsabilités administratives et sociales au sein du foyer, ainsi que le statut qui l’accompagnait. Elle déménagea également de la maison pour s’installer dans des logements extérieurs, retournant quotidiennement travailler avec son frère. Elle ne détenait plus les clés de l’observatoire et de l’atelier, où elle avait mené une grande partie de ses propres travaux. Puisqu’elle détruisit ses journaux de 1788 à 1798, ses sentiments à l’égard de cette période ne sont pas entièrement connus. En août 1799, Caroline fut reconnue indépendamment pour son travail, lorsqu’elle passa une semaine à Greenwich en tant qu’invitée de la famille royale.

Barthélemy Faujas de Saint-Fond a indiqué qu’elle et son frère continuaient à bien travailler pendant cette période. Lorsque son frère et sa famille étaient absents, elle retournait souvent à leur domicile pour s’en occuper. Plus tard dans sa vie, elle et Lady Herschel échangèrent des lettres affectueuses, et elle devint profondément attachée à son neveu, l’astronome John Herschel.

Le mariage de William a probablement conduit Caroline à devenir plus indépendante de son frère et à devenir une figure à part entière. Caroline fit de nombreuses découvertes indépendamment de William et continua à travailler seule sur de nombreux projets astronomiques qui ont contribué à sa renommée.
### Query ###
Comment la relation professionnelle entre William et Caroline Herschel a-t-elle évolué après son mariage en 1788 ?

### Main Text ###
Works with his sister Caroline Herschel

Following the death of their father, William suggested that Caroline join him in Bath, England. In 1772, Caroline was first introduced to astronomy by her brother.

Caroline spent many hours polishing the mirrors of high performance telescopes so that the amount of light captured was maximized. She also copied astronomical catalogues and other publications for William. After William accepted the office of King's Astronomer to George III, Caroline became his constant assistant.

In October 1783, a new 20-foot telescope came into service for William. During this time, William was attempting to observe and then record all of the observations. He had to run inside and let his eyes readjust to the artificial light before he could record anything, and then he would have to wait until his eyes were adjusted to the dark before he could observe again. Caroline became his recorder by sitting at a desk near an open window. William would shout out his observations and she would write them down along with any information he needed from a reference book.

Caroline began to make astronomical discoveries in her own right, particularly comets. In 1783, William built her a small Newtonian reflector telescope, with a handle to make a vertical sweep of the sky. Between 1783 and 1787, she made an independent discovery of M110 (NGC 205), which is the second companion of the Andromeda Galaxy. During the years 1786–1797, she discovered or observed eight comets. She found fourteen new nebulae and, at her brother's suggestion, updated and corrected Flamsteed's work detailing the position of stars. She also rediscovered Comet Encke in 1795.

Caroline Herschel's eight comets were published between 28 August 1782 to 5 February 1787. Five of her comets were published in Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society. William was even summoned to Windsor Castle to demonstrate Caroline's comet to the royal family. William recorded this phenomenon himself, terming it "My Sister's Comet." She wrote letters to the Astronomer Royal to announce the discovery of her second comet, and wrote to Joseph Banks upon the discovery of her third and fourth comets.

The Catalogue of stars taken from Mr Flamsteed's observations contained an index of more than 560 stars that had not been previously included. Caroline Herschel was honoured by the Royal Astronomical Society for this work in 1828.

Caroline also continued to serve as William Herschel's assistant, often taking notes while he observed at the telescope. For her work as William's assistant, she was granted an annual salary of £50 by George III. Her appointment made her the first female in England to be honoured with a government position. It also made her the first woman to be given a salary as an astronomer.

In June 1785, owing to damp conditions, William and Caroline moved to Clay Hall in Old Windsor. On 3 April 1786, the Herschels moved to a new residence on Windsor Road in Slough. Herschel lived the rest of his life in this residence, which came to be known as Observatory House. It was demolished in 1963.

William Herschel's marriage in 1788 caused a lot of tension in the brother-sister relationship. Caroline has been referred to as a bitter, jealous woman who worshipped her brother and resented her sister-in-law for invading her domestic life. With the arrival of Mary, Caroline lost her managerial and social responsibilities in the household, and with them much of her status. Caroline destroyed her journals between the years 1788 to 1798, so her feelings during this period are not entirely known. According to her memoir, Caroline then moved to separate lodgings, but continued to work as her brother's assistant. When her brother and his family were away from their home, she would often return to take care of it for them. In later life, Caroline and Lady Herschel exchanged affectionate letters.

Caroline continued her astronomical work after William's death in 1822. She worked to verify and confirm his findings as well as putting together catalogues of nebulae. Towards the end of her life, she arranged two-and-a-half thousand nebulae and star clusters into zones of similar polar distances. She did this so that her nephew, John, could re-examine them systematically. Eventually, this list was enlarged and renamed the New General Catalogue. In 1828, she was awarded the Gold Medal of the Royal Astronomical Society for her work.

### Supplementary Text ###
Relations avec William

Tout au long de ses écrits, elle a clairement exprimé son désir de gagner sa propre subsistance et d’être financièrement indépendante. Lorsque la couronne commença à la rémunérer pour son aide à son frère en 1787, elle devint la première femme – à une époque où même les hommes recevaient rarement un salaire pour des entreprises scientifiques – à percevoir un salaire pour ses services à la science. Sa pension était de 50 £ par an, et c’était la première somme d’argent que Caroline avait jamais gagnée de ses propres moyens.

Lorsque William épousa une riche veuve, Mary Pitt (née Baldwin) en 1788, l’union entraîna des tensions dans la relation fraternelle. Caroline a été dépeinte comme une femme amère et jalouse qui vénérait son frère et qui éprouvait du ressentiment envers ceux qui empiétaient sur leur vie domestique.

Dans son livre L’Âge de la merveille, Richard Holmes se montre plus compréhensif envers la position de Caroline, soulignant que, à bien des égards, le changement fut négatif pour elle. Avec l’arrivée de la femme de William, Caroline perdit ses responsabilités administratives et sociales au sein du foyer, ainsi que le statut qui l’accompagnait. Elle déménagea également de la maison pour s’installer dans des logements extérieurs, retournant quotidiennement travailler avec son frère. Elle ne détenait plus les clés de l’observatoire et de l’atelier, où elle avait mené une grande partie de ses propres travaux. Puisqu’elle détruisit ses journaux de 1788 à 1798, ses sentiments à l’égard de cette période ne sont pas entièrement connus. En août 1799, Caroline fut reconnue indépendamment pour son travail, lorsqu’elle passa une semaine à Greenwich en tant qu’invitée de la famille royale.

Barthélemy Faujas de Saint-Fond a indiqué qu’elle et son frère continuaient à bien travailler pendant cette période. Lorsque son frère et sa famille étaient absents, elle retournait souvent à leur domicile pour s’en occuper. Plus tard dans sa vie, elle et Lady Herschel échangèrent des lettres affectueuses, et elle devint profondément attachée à son neveu, l’astronome John Herschel.

Le mariage de William a probablement conduit Caroline à devenir plus indépendante de son frère et à devenir une figure à part entière. Caroline fit de nombreuses découvertes indépendamment de William et continua à travailler seule sur de nombreux projets astronomiques qui ont contribué à sa renommée.

### Draft ###

### 1. Query Parsing

"Comment la relation professionnelle entre William et Caroline Herschel a-t-elle évolué après son mariage en 1788 ?"

→ Professional relationship evolution post-1788 marriage
→ Binary: before/after marriage impact analysis  
→ Focus: professional dynamics, not personal feelings

### 2. Historical Context Verification

William Herschel: ● Bath astronomer, telescope builder, discovered Uranus
Caroline Herschel: ● Sister, assistant, comet discoverer
Marriage date: 1788 ● (to Mary Baldwin, wealthy widow)

### 3. Pre-Marriage Professional Dynamics

Baseline relationship:
- Caroline as primary assistant ●
- Telescope construction/maintenance ●  
- Observation recording ●
- Shared living arrangements ●

Professional benefits to William:
- Increased productivity through Caroline's assistance
- Expanded observational capacity
- Enhanced reputation through her discoveries

Professional benefits to Caroline:
- Intellectual stimulation ●
- Financial security (royal stipend) ●
- Scientific recognition ●

### 4. Post-Marriage Relationship Evolution

Key structural changes:
- ◐ Caroline moves to separate lodgings (1788-1798 period)
- ○ Loss of managerial/social responsibilities in household
- ◐ Continued professional collaboration but reduced integration

? Why the separation - personal friction or practical necessity?

### 5. Professional Impact Analysis

Positive continuations:
- Caroline maintains independent work ●
- Continued comet discoveries ●
- Royal recognition (Gold Medal 1828) ●

Tensions/declines:
- ◐ Loss of direct observational control
- ◐ Diminished daily interaction with William
- ○ Fewer joint publications post-1788

### 6. Synthesis

Evolution pattern:
Collaborative Integration → Structured Separation → Professional Independence

The marriage created professional bifurcation rather than disruption. Caroline's move to separate lodgings (◐ documented but reasons unclear) suggests personal tensions or reduced integration, yet her sustained scientific output indicates maintained professional capabilities.

∴ Relationship transformed from direct collaboration to more independent professional partnership, with Caroline retaining significant scientific autonomy despite reduced daily involvement with William's household operations.

※ Caroline's journal destruction (1788-1798) creates historiographical gap regarding personal motivations for separation.

### Answer###
Le mariage de William Herschel en 1788 marqua effectivement un tournant décisif dans leur relation professionnelle, créant des tensions qui modifièrent profondément la dynamique de leur collaboration.

Avant le mariage, Caroline occupait une position centrale dans le ménage et servait de principale assistante à son frère. Elle gérait les aspects pratiques de la maison, accompagnait William lors de ses observations et était reconnue pour ses contributions scientifiques substantielles, notamment ses découvertes de comètes et ses catalogues stellaires.

L'arrivée de Mary Herschel comme belle-sœur perturba cette organisation. Caroline perdit ses responsabilités administratives et sociales au sein du foyer, ainsi que le statut qui l'accompagnait. Cette dégradation de son rôle se manifesta par son déménagement vers des logements séparés, bien qu'elle continuât à travailler comme assistante de son frère.

Paradoxalement, cette rupture professionnelle semble avoir poussé Caroline vers une plus grande indépendance scientifique. Elle conserva ses capacités de travail et put revenir s'occuper de la maison principale lorsque son frère et sa famille étaient absents. Plus tard dans sa vie, elle entretint des relations affectueuses avec Lady Herschel.

Cette période de tensions s'accompagna d'une reconnaissance plus indépendante de son travail : en 1799, elle fut reconnue séparément de son frère lors d'une semaine passée à Greenwich en tant qu'invitée de la famille royale. Sa carrière culmina par l'obtention de la médaille d'or de la Royal Astronomical Society en 1828, témoignant de sa reconnaissance scientifique indépendante.