C'est quoi cette histoire de dire que les femmes et les hommes doivent être traités de la même façon ? C'est pas plutôt la même chose qu'on donne un traitement égalitaire à tout le monde ?
Discrimination

The United Nations Working Group on business and human rights (WGBHR) has stated that discrimination against women has historically been rooted in patriarchal social norms and power structures. Women's rights movements focus on ending discrimination against women. In this regard, the definition of discrimination itself is important. According to the jurisprudence of the European Court of Human Rights (ECHR), the right to freedom from discrimination includes not only the obligation of states to treat in the same way persons who are in analogous situations, but also the obligation to treat in a different way persons who are in different situations. In this regard, equity, not just "equality" is important. Therefore, states must sometimes differentiate between women and men – through for example offering maternity leave or other legal protections surrounding pregnancy and childbirth (to take into account the biological realities of reproduction), or through acknowledging a specific historical context. For example, acts of violence committed by men against women do not happen in a vacuum, but are part of a social context: in Opuz v Turkey, the ECHR defined violence against women as a form of discrimination against women; this is also the position of the Istanbul Convention which at Article 3 states that "violence against women" is understood as a violation of human rights and a form of discrimination against women ".

There are different views on where it is appropriate to differentiate between women and men, and one view is that the act of sexual intercourse is an act where this difference must be acknowledged, both due to the increased physical risks for the woman, and due to the historical context of women being systematically subjected to forced sexual intercourse while in a socially subordinated position (particularly within marriage and during war). States must also differentiate with regard to healthcare by ensuring that women's health – particularly with regard to reproductive health such as pregnancy and childbirth – is not neglected. According to the World Health Organization, "Discrimination in health care settings takes many forms and is often manifested when an individual or group is denied access to health care services that are otherwise available to others. It can also occur through denial of services that are only needed by certain groups, such as women." The refusal of states to acknowledge the specific needs of women, such as the necessity of specific policies like the strong investment of states in reducing maternal mortality can be a form of discrimination. In this regard treating women and men similarly does not work because certain biological aspects such as menstruation, pregnancy, labor, childbirth, and breastfeeding, as well as certain medical conditions, only affect women. The Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women stipulates in its General recommendation No. 35 on gender based violence against women, updating general recommendation No. 19 that states should "Examine gender neutral laws and policies to ensure that they do not create or perpetuate existing inequalities and repeal or modify them if they do so". (paragraph 32). Another example of gender neutral policy which harms women is that where medication tested in medical trials only on men is also used on women assuming that there are no biological differences.
L'égalitarisme, ou égalitarisme, est une courant de pensée au sein de la philosophie politique qui s'appuie sur le concept d'égalité sociale, en le privilégiant pour tous. Les doctrines égalitaires se caractérisent généralement par l'idée que tous les êtres humains sont égaux en valeur fondamentale ou statut moral. En conséquence, toutes les personnes devraient bénéficier des mêmes droits et du même traitement devant la loi. Les doctrines égalitaires ont soutenu de nombreux mouvements sociaux modernes, notamment les Lumières, le féminisme, les droits civiques et les droits de l'homme internationaux. Un aspect clé de l'égalitarisme est son insistance sur l'égalité des chances pour tous les individus, quels que soient leurs origines ou leurs circonstances. Cela signifie garantir que chacun ait accès aux mêmes ressources, à la même éducation et aux mêmes opportunités de réussir dans la vie. En promouvant l'égalité des chances, l'égalitarisme vise à uniformiser le terrain de jeu et à réduire les disparités résultant des inégalités sociales.
### Query ###
C'est quoi cette histoire de dire que les femmes et les hommes doivent être traités de la même façon ? C'est pas plutôt la même chose qu'on donne un traitement égalitaire à tout le monde ?

### Main Text ###
Discrimination

The United Nations Working Group on business and human rights (WGBHR) has stated that discrimination against women has historically been rooted in patriarchal social norms and power structures. Women's rights movements focus on ending discrimination against women. In this regard, the definition of discrimination itself is important. According to the jurisprudence of the European Court of Human Rights (ECHR), the right to freedom from discrimination includes not only the obligation of states to treat in the same way persons who are in analogous situations, but also the obligation to treat in a different way persons who are in different situations. In this regard, equity, not just "equality" is important. Therefore, states must sometimes differentiate between women and men – through for example offering maternity leave or other legal protections surrounding pregnancy and childbirth (to take into account the biological realities of reproduction), or through acknowledging a specific historical context. For example, acts of violence committed by men against women do not happen in a vacuum, but are part of a social context: in Opuz v Turkey, the ECHR defined violence against women as a form of discrimination against women; this is also the position of the Istanbul Convention which at Article 3 states that "violence against women" is understood as a violation of human rights and a form of discrimination against women ".

There are different views on where it is appropriate to differentiate between women and men, and one view is that the act of sexual intercourse is an act where this difference must be acknowledged, both due to the increased physical risks for the woman, and due to the historical context of women being systematically subjected to forced sexual intercourse while in a socially subordinated position (particularly within marriage and during war). States must also differentiate with regard to healthcare by ensuring that women's health – particularly with regard to reproductive health such as pregnancy and childbirth – is not neglected. According to the World Health Organization, "Discrimination in health care settings takes many forms and is often manifested when an individual or group is denied access to health care services that are otherwise available to others. It can also occur through denial of services that are only needed by certain groups, such as women." The refusal of states to acknowledge the specific needs of women, such as the necessity of specific policies like the strong investment of states in reducing maternal mortality can be a form of discrimination. In this regard treating women and men similarly does not work because certain biological aspects such as menstruation, pregnancy, labor, childbirth, and breastfeeding, as well as certain medical conditions, only affect women. The Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women stipulates in its General recommendation No. 35 on gender based violence against women, updating general recommendation No. 19 that states should "Examine gender neutral laws and policies to ensure that they do not create or perpetuate existing inequalities and repeal or modify them if they do so". (paragraph 32). Another example of gender neutral policy which harms women is that where medication tested in medical trials only on men is also used on women assuming that there are no biological differences.

### Supplementary Text ###
L'égalitarisme, ou égalitarisme, est une courant de pensée au sein de la philosophie politique qui s'appuie sur le concept d'égalité sociale, en le privilégiant pour tous. Les doctrines égalitaires se caractérisent généralement par l'idée que tous les êtres humains sont égaux en valeur fondamentale ou statut moral. En conséquence, toutes les personnes devraient bénéficier des mêmes droits et du même traitement devant la loi. Les doctrines égalitaires ont soutenu de nombreux mouvements sociaux modernes, notamment les Lumières, le féminisme, les droits civiques et les droits de l'homme internationaux. Un aspect clé de l'égalitarisme est son insistance sur l'égalité des chances pour tous les individus, quels que soient leurs origines ou leurs circonstances. Cela signifie garantir que chacun ait accès aux mêmes ressources, à la même éducation et aux mêmes opportunités de réussir dans la vie. En promouvant l'égalité des chances, l'égalitarisme vise à uniformiser le terrain de jeu et à réduire les disparités résultant des inégalités sociales.

### Draft ###

### 1. Query Parsing

"C'est quoi cette histoire de dire que les femmes et les hommes doivent être traités de la même façon ?"

Key semantic issue: "de la même façon" → ambiguous translation. Could mean:
- Treating women/men identically ("equality")  
- Treating them equally ("equality treatment")

User assumes equivalence. Question mark suggests uncertainty/challenge.

### 2. Legal Distinction Analysis

Core legal principle: formal equality ≠ substantive equality

● Formal equality: identical treatment regardless of gender
● Substantive equality: equal outcomes despite initial differences

Example domains where formal equality fails:
- Healthcare: pregnancy complications affect only women → need gender-specific care
- Employment: maternity leave necessary but unavailable → creates career gaps
- Legal protections: domestic violence affects primarily women → need targeted laws

∴ Treating "the same" often perpetuates inequality when circumstances differ.

### 3. Rights Framework Evolution

Historical progression:
1948 Universal Declaration: formal equality language
1979 CEDAW: substantive equality recognition  
Modern jurisprudence: context-specific treatment required

! Key insight: equality sometimes requires differential treatment

### 4. Logical Structure

User's premise: formal equality = treating everyone identically
Reality: substantive equality = recognizing differential needs

When formal equality applied to:
- Pregnancy → results in exclusion/discrimination  
- Domestic violence → results in inadequate protection
- Economic disparities → results in reinforcing inequality

### 5. Synthesis

The confusion stems from conflating equality with identical treatment.

Equality ≠ treating everyone the same
Equality = ensuring equal outcomes despite differences

Context-sensitive treatment often most equitable approach. Formal neutrality can mask systemic discrimination.

NB: This explains why legal frameworks evolved beyond pure formal equality toward substantive equality principles.

### Answer###
Il y a effectivement une nuance importante entre "traiter les femmes et les hommes de la même façon" et l'égalité réelle. Le principe de non-discrimination stipule que les personnes dans des situations analogues doivent être traitées de manière identique, mais aussi que celles dans des situations différentes doivent être traitées différemment - ce qui reflète l'équité plutôt que simplement l'égalité formelle.

Cette approche différenciée est particulièrement importante dans plusieurs domaines. Par exemple, en matière de santé, les femmes nécessitent parfois des traitements spécifiques en raison de facteurs biologiques comme la grossesse, l'accouchement, ou des conditions médicales particulières qui ne concernent que le sexe féminin. Les politiques de santé neutres qui ne distinguent pas ces différences peuvent donc créer des inégalités.

De même, dans le contexte de la violence, les actes de violence commis contre les femmes ne sont pas considérés isolément mais dans un contexte social plus large où les structures patriarcales créent des dynamiques de subordination. Cette perspective reconnaît que l'égalité ne peut être atteinte en ignorant les réalités structurelles.

L'approche égalitaire véritable privilégie l'égalité sociale pour tous les êtres humains, ce qui implique que les personnes devraient bénéficier des mêmes droits et du même traitement devant la loi. Cependant, cette égalité ne se limite pas à un traitement identique : elle reconnaît parfois la nécessité de différenciation pour compenser des situations initialement inégales.

La confusion que vous soulignez reflète donc une compréhension plus large de ce que signifie réellement traiter les gens "de la même façon" versus leur assurer une égalité véritable et équitable.