Quand est-ce que le concept de sécurité humaine a commencé à exister ?
Criticism

In making an assessment of the pros and cons of the human security concept, Walter Dorn includes several additional criticisms. In particular, he asks whether it is in fact as radical a departure in foreign policy terms as is sometimes claimed. Dorn argues that the international community has been concerned with issues of human safety since at least the time of the establishment of the International Committee of the Red Cross in the 1860s. Stuart Gordon argues that Canada, one of its principal adherents, has in many ways simply recast its traditional Pearsonian foreign policy in the language of human security. Dorn also questioned whether the concept was really necessary ‘since all the initiatives in the human security agenda were already advancing before the advent of the concept.’ Finally, he suggests ways that the concept may be counterproductive. In their effort to fortify against ‘virtually limitless UN interventionism’ governments may repress ‘their populations into servility." Still, he sees an important role for the concept.
Origines

L'émergence du discours sur la sécurité humaine est née de la convergence de plusieurs facteurs à la fin de la Guerre froide. Ces facteurs ont remis en question la domination du paradigme néoréaliste, axé sur les États, la « destruction mutuelle assurée » et la sécurité militaire, et ont brièvement permis l'émergence d'une conception plus large de la sécurité. L'accélération croissante de la mondialisation, l'échec de la construction d'États libéraux par le biais des instruments du Consensus de Washington, la réduction de la menace de guerre nucléaire entre les superpuissances, et l'essor exponentiel de la diffusion et de la consolidation des normes démocratiques et des droits de l'homme internationaux ont ouvert un espace dans lequel tant le « développement » que les concepts de « sécurité » pouvaient être reconsidérés.
### Query ###
Quand est-ce que le concept de sécurité humaine a commencé à exister ?

### Main Text ###
Criticism

In making an assessment of the pros and cons of the human security concept, Walter Dorn includes several additional criticisms. In particular, he asks whether it is in fact as radical a departure in foreign policy terms as is sometimes claimed. Dorn argues that the international community has been concerned with issues of human safety since at least the time of the establishment of the International Committee of the Red Cross in the 1860s. Stuart Gordon argues that Canada, one of its principal adherents, has in many ways simply recast its traditional Pearsonian foreign policy in the language of human security. Dorn also questioned whether the concept was really necessary ‘since all the initiatives in the human security agenda were already advancing before the advent of the concept.’ Finally, he suggests ways that the concept may be counterproductive. In their effort to fortify against ‘virtually limitless UN interventionism’ governments may repress ‘their populations into servility." Still, he sees an important role for the concept.

### Supplementary Text ###
Origines

L'émergence du discours sur la sécurité humaine est née de la convergence de plusieurs facteurs à la fin de la Guerre froide. Ces facteurs ont remis en question la domination du paradigme néoréaliste, axé sur les États, la « destruction mutuelle assurée » et la sécurité militaire, et ont brièvement permis l'émergence d'une conception plus large de la sécurité. L'accélération croissante de la mondialisation, l'échec de la construction d'États libéraux par le biais des instruments du Consensus de Washington, la réduction de la menace de guerre nucléaire entre les superpuissances, et l'essor exponentiel de la diffusion et de la consolidation des normes démocratiques et des droits de l'homme internationaux ont ouvert un espace dans lequel tant le « développement » que les concepts de « sécurité » pouvaient être reconsidérés.

### Draft ###

### 1. Query Parsing

"Quand est-ce que le concept de sécurité humaine a commencé à exister ?"

→ When did the concept of human security begin to exist?

Key semantic issue: "concept" vs "discourse" vs "formal framework". User seeking temporal origin point.

### 2. Domain Contextualization

Security studies field. Post-Cold War academic/policy discourse. 
Geographic: primarily Western academic circles, UN/international organizations.
Cultural: shift from state-centric to people-centric security paradigms.

⟨H≈0.4⟩ Human security... what's the French equivalent exactly? "Sécurité humaine" - sounds bureaucratic, doesn't it? Like someone translated "human security" directly instead of finding the organic French concept that might have existed...

### 3. Historical Triangulation

Claimed origin: late 1980s/early 1990s ●

Key transition: realist paradigm → human-centered approach
Trigger events: Cold War end, globalization acceleration, democratization norms

◐ Specific actors: Commission on Global Governance (1983), UNDP Human Development Report (1990)

! Breakthrough moment: 1994 UN Development Report "Human Security" ◐

### 4. Evidence Evaluation

Problems with claimed timeline:

→ 1980s "human security" as coherent concept? 
? Were these early documents actually using "human security" term or related concepts?

→ Academic literature pre-1990 shows scattered usage ◐
→ Official policy documents from UN/UNDP show gradual evolution ◐

! Critical insight: Concept may have emerged retroactively through academic synthesis rather than single origin point

### 5. Alternative Timeline Construction

⟨H≈1.2⟩ Let me think... human security as academic discourse probably emerged through... wait, through whom exactly? Feminist security studies? Development economics? Peace research? All these fields had people thinking about individual security vs state security in the 80s...

∴ More likely gradual crystallization than single origin

Precursors:
- 1970s: human development theory (Amartya Sen, Mahbub ul Haq)
- 1980s: feminist security studies, environmental security
- 1990s: academic synthesis + policy institutionalization

### 6. Verification Against Response

Original response claims:
✓ Late 1980s/early 1990s timeframe
✓ Post-Cold War origins  
✓ Paradigm shift from realist to human-centered security
✓ UN/academic sources for development

Issues:
⚠ Oversimplified single origin narrative
⚠ May conflate "human security discourse" with "formal human security concept"
⚠ Need more granular academic vs policy distinction

### 7. Conclusion

Response appears substantially correct but potentially oversimplifies gradual emergence process. 

Better answer would acknowledge:
- Concept likely emerged through gradual evolution rather than single origin
- 1994 UN report as crystallization point rather than birth
- Precursor intellectual currents in 1970s-1980s
- Distinction between academic discourse vs formal policy framework

∴ Response needs nuancing but captures core historical narrative ●

### Answer###
Le concept de sécurité humaine a émergé à la fin de la Guerre froide, plus précisément à la fin des années 1980 et au début des années 1990. Cette émergence s'explique par la convergence de plusieurs facteurs qui ont remisé en question le paradigme néoréaliste centré sur les États et la sécurité militaire.

Plusieurs éléments ont contribué à ce changement de perspective : l'accélération de la mondialisation, l'échec de la construction d'États libéraux à travers les instruments du Consensus de Washington, la réduction de la menace de guerre nucléaire entre les superpuissances, et l'essor des normes démocratiques et des droits de l'homme internationaux. Ces transformations ont ouvert un espace intellectuel où les concepts de "développement" et de "sécurité" ont pu être repensés de manière plus large.

Le concept de sécurité humaine représente ainsi une rupture paradigmatique avec l'approche traditionnelle de la sécurité nationale, en se concentrant sur la protection des individus et de leurs moyens de subsistance plutôt que sur la sécurité de l'État. Cette évolution conceptuelle s'inscrit dans un mouvement plus large de remise en question des paradigmes politiques et sécuritaires classiques qui a marqué la période post-Guerre froide.