Quelles sont les différences entre les guerres que l'Israël a eu avec le Hamas et celles avec le Hezbollah ?
Israel's conflicts with Hamas and Hezbollah

In June 2006, Hamas militants infiltrated an army post near the Israeli side of the Gaza Strip and abducted Israeli soldier Gilad Shalit. Two IDF soldiers were killed in the attack, while Shalit was wounded after his tank was hit with an RPG. Three days later Israel launched Operation Summer Rains to secure the release of Shalit. He was held hostage by Hamas, who barred the International Red Cross from seeing him, until 18 October 2011, when he was exchanged for 1,027 Palestinian prisoners.

In July 2006, Hezbollah fighters crossed the border from Lebanon into Israel, attacked and killed eight Israeli soldiers, and abducted two others as hostages, setting off the 2006 Lebanon War, which caused much destruction in Lebanon. A UN-sponsored ceasefire went into effect on 14 August 2006, officially ending the conflict. The conflict killed over a thousand Lebanese and over 150 Israelis, severely damaged Lebanese civil infrastructure, and displaced approximately one million Lebanese and 300,000–500,000 Israelis, although most were able to return to their homes. After the ceasefire, some parts of Southern Lebanon remained uninhabitable due to Israeli unexploded cluster bomblets.

In the Battle of Gaza in June 2007, Hamas seized control of the Gaza Strip in a violent civil war with rival Fatah. In the aftermath, Israel placed restrictions on its border with Gaza and ended economic cooperation with the Palestinian leadership based there. Israel and Egypt have imposed a blockade of the Gaza Strip since 2007. Israel maintains the blockade is necessary to limit Palestinian rocket attacks from Gaza and to prevent Hamas from smuggling advanced rockets and weapons capable of hitting its cities.

On 6 September 2007, in Operation Orchard, Israel bombed an eastern Syrian complex which was allegedly a nuclear reactor being built with assistance from North Korea. Israel had also bombed Syria in 2003.

In April 2008, Syrian President Bashar al-Assad told a Qatari newspaper that Syria and Israel had been discussing a peace treaty for a year, with Turkey as a go-between. This was confirmed in May 2008 by a spokesman for Prime Minister Ehud Olmert. As well as a peace treaty, the future of the Golan Heights was discussed. President Assad said "there would be no direct negotiations with Israel until a new US president takes office."

Speaking in Jerusalem on 26 August 2008, then United States Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice criticized Israel's increased settlement construction in the West Bank as detrimental to the peace process. Rice's comments came amid reports that Israeli construction in the disputed territory had increased by a factor of 1.8 over 2007 levels.

A fragile six-month truce between Hamas and Israel expired on 19 December 2008; attempts at extending the truce failed amid accusations of breaches from both sides. Following the expiration, Israel launched a raid on a tunnel suspected of being used to kidnap Israeli soldiers, which killed several Hamas fighters. Following this, Hamas resumed rocket and mortar attacks on Israeli cities, most notably firing over 60 rockets on 24 December. On 27 December 2008, Israel launched Operation Cast Lead against Hamas. Numerous human rights organizations accused Israel and Hamas of committing war crimes.

In 2009 Israel placed a 10-month settlement freeze on the West Bank. Then United States Secretary of State Hillary Clinton praised the freeze as an "unprecedented" gesture that could "help revive Middle East talks."

A raid was carried out by Israeli naval forces on six ships of the Gaza Freedom Flotilla in May 2010 after the ships refused to dock at Port Ashdod. On the MV Mavi Marmara, activists clashed with the Israeli boarding party. During the fighting, nine activists were killed by Israeli special forces. Widespread international condemnation of and reaction to the raid followed, Israel–Turkey relations were strained, and Israel subsequently eased its blockade on the Gaza Strip. Several dozen other passengers and seven Israeli soldiers were injured, with some of the commandos suffering from gunshot wounds.

Following the 2010–2011 round of peace talks between Israel and the Palestinian Authority, 13 Palestinian militant movements led by Hamas initiated a terror campaign designed to derail and disrupt the negotiations. Attacks on Israelis increased after August 2010, when 4 Israeli civilians were killed by Hamas militants.Palestinian militants also increased the frequency of rocket attacks aimed at Israelis. On 2 August 2010, Hamas militants launched seven Katyusha rockets at Eilat and Aqaba, killing one Jordanian civilian and wounding 4 others.

Intermittent fighting continued since then, including 680 rocket attacks on Israel in 2011. On 14 November 2012, Israel killed Ahmed Jabari, a leader of Hamas's military wing, launching Operation Pillar of Cloud. Hamas and Israel agreed to an Egyptian-mediated ceasefire on 21 November.

The Palestinian Centre for Human Rights said that 158 Palestinians were killed during the operation, of which: 102 were civilians, 55 were militants and one was a policeman; 30 were children and 13 were women. B'Tselem stated that according to its initial findings, which covered only the period between 14 and 19 November 102 Palestinians were killed in the Gaza Strip, 40 of them civilians. According to Israeli figures, 120 combatants and 57 civilians were killed. International outcry ensued, with many criticizing Israel for what much of the international community perceived as a disproportionately violent response. However, the governments of the United States, United Kingdom, Canada, Germany, France, Australia, Belgium, Bulgaria, Czech Republic and Netherlands expressed support for Israel's right to defend itself, and/or condemned the Hamas rocket attacks on Israel.

Following an escalation of rocket attacks by Hamas, Israel started an operation in the Gaza Strip on 8 July 2014. In May 2021, another round of fighting took place in Gaza, lasting eleven days.
Campagnes antiterroristes menées par d'autres puissances

Depuis des décennies, Israël, un allié clé des États-Unis au Moyen-Orient, mène sa propre guerre contre le terrorisme ciblant le Hamas, le Hezbollah et d'autres groupes insurgés soutenus par l'Iran. Bien qu'Israël n'ait pas directement participé à l'invasion de l'Irak en 2003, il aurait exhorté les États-Unis à ne pas retarder une attaque contre Saddam Hussein. Avant l'invasion de l'Irak menée par les États-Unis en 2003, le renseignement israélien aurait fourni des informations à Washington. Israël a lancé un conflit militaire de 34 jours contre le Hezbollah au Liban, dans le nord d'Israël et sur les hauteurs du Golan à la mi-2006. À la suite de l'attaque du 7 octobre, Israël a déclaré la guerre Israël-Hamas toujours en cours, entraînant une invasion terrestre le 27 octobre, avec pour objectifs déclarés la destruction du Hamas et la libération d'otages.

La Colombie a également mené sa propre guerre contre le terrorisme, le terrorisme perpétré à la fois par les guérilleros et les paramilitaires restant une préoccupation majeure dans le pays depuis l'escalade de la violence armée dans les années 2000, dans le contexte du conflit colombien. La présidence d'Álvaro Uribe a été marquée en particulier par un accent important sur la lutte contre le terrorisme et la contre-insurrection. Les mesures antiterroristes du Plan Colombie ont connu une expansion accrue pendant la présidence de George W. Bush et un accent important sur la sécurité nationale après les événements du 11 septembre, alors que la menace du terrorisme mondial recevait une plus grande attention.

Dans les années 2010, la Chine a également mené sa propre guerre contre le terrorisme, principalement une campagne intérieure en réponse aux actions violentes des mouvements séparatistes ouïghours dans le conflit du Xinjiang. Cette campagne a été largement critiquée dans les médias internationaux en raison de la perception qu'elle cible et persécute de manière injuste les musulmans chinois, ce qui pourrait entraîner une réaction négative de la part de la population ouïghoure musulmane majoritaire de la Chine. Le gouvernement de Xi Jinping a emprisonné jusqu'à deux millions d'Ouïghours et d'autres minorités ethniques musulmanes dans des camps de rééducation au Xinjiang, où ils seraient soumis à des abus et à de la torture.

La Russie a également mené sa propre campagne antiterroriste, largement axée sur l'intérieur, souvent qualifiée de guerre contre le terrorisme, pendant la deuxième guerre de Tchétchénie, l'insurrection dans le Caucase du Nord et l'intervention militaire russe dans la guerre civile syrienne. Comme la guerre contre le terrorisme de la Chine, la Russie s'est également concentrée sur les mouvements séparatistes et islamistes qui recourent à la violence politique pour atteindre leurs objectifs. Cependant, la désinformation et les actions de la Russie de Poutine, ainsi que son inaction envers des groupes comme le Hamas, le Hezbollah et les Talibans, ont soulevé des doutes quant à son engagement dans la guerre contre le terrorisme.
### Query ###
Quelles sont les différences entre les guerres que l'Israël a eu avec le Hamas et celles avec le Hezbollah ?

### Main Text ###
Israel's conflicts with Hamas and Hezbollah

In June 2006, Hamas militants infiltrated an army post near the Israeli side of the Gaza Strip and abducted Israeli soldier Gilad Shalit. Two IDF soldiers were killed in the attack, while Shalit was wounded after his tank was hit with an RPG. Three days later Israel launched Operation Summer Rains to secure the release of Shalit. He was held hostage by Hamas, who barred the International Red Cross from seeing him, until 18 October 2011, when he was exchanged for 1,027 Palestinian prisoners.

In July 2006, Hezbollah fighters crossed the border from Lebanon into Israel, attacked and killed eight Israeli soldiers, and abducted two others as hostages, setting off the 2006 Lebanon War, which caused much destruction in Lebanon. A UN-sponsored ceasefire went into effect on 14 August 2006, officially ending the conflict. The conflict killed over a thousand Lebanese and over 150 Israelis, severely damaged Lebanese civil infrastructure, and displaced approximately one million Lebanese and 300,000–500,000 Israelis, although most were able to return to their homes. After the ceasefire, some parts of Southern Lebanon remained uninhabitable due to Israeli unexploded cluster bomblets.

In the Battle of Gaza in June 2007, Hamas seized control of the Gaza Strip in a violent civil war with rival Fatah. In the aftermath, Israel placed restrictions on its border with Gaza and ended economic cooperation with the Palestinian leadership based there. Israel and Egypt have imposed a blockade of the Gaza Strip since 2007. Israel maintains the blockade is necessary to limit Palestinian rocket attacks from Gaza and to prevent Hamas from smuggling advanced rockets and weapons capable of hitting its cities.

On 6 September 2007, in Operation Orchard, Israel bombed an eastern Syrian complex which was allegedly a nuclear reactor being built with assistance from North Korea. Israel had also bombed Syria in 2003.

In April 2008, Syrian President Bashar al-Assad told a Qatari newspaper that Syria and Israel had been discussing a peace treaty for a year, with Turkey as a go-between. This was confirmed in May 2008 by a spokesman for Prime Minister Ehud Olmert. As well as a peace treaty, the future of the Golan Heights was discussed. President Assad said "there would be no direct negotiations with Israel until a new US president takes office."

Speaking in Jerusalem on 26 August 2008, then United States Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice criticized Israel's increased settlement construction in the West Bank as detrimental to the peace process. Rice's comments came amid reports that Israeli construction in the disputed territory had increased by a factor of 1.8 over 2007 levels.

A fragile six-month truce between Hamas and Israel expired on 19 December 2008; attempts at extending the truce failed amid accusations of breaches from both sides. Following the expiration, Israel launched a raid on a tunnel suspected of being used to kidnap Israeli soldiers, which killed several Hamas fighters. Following this, Hamas resumed rocket and mortar attacks on Israeli cities, most notably firing over 60 rockets on 24 December. On 27 December 2008, Israel launched Operation Cast Lead against Hamas. Numerous human rights organizations accused Israel and Hamas of committing war crimes.

In 2009 Israel placed a 10-month settlement freeze on the West Bank. Then United States Secretary of State Hillary Clinton praised the freeze as an "unprecedented" gesture that could "help revive Middle East talks."

A raid was carried out by Israeli naval forces on six ships of the Gaza Freedom Flotilla in May 2010 after the ships refused to dock at Port Ashdod. On the MV Mavi Marmara, activists clashed with the Israeli boarding party. During the fighting, nine activists were killed by Israeli special forces. Widespread international condemnation of and reaction to the raid followed, Israel–Turkey relations were strained, and Israel subsequently eased its blockade on the Gaza Strip. Several dozen other passengers and seven Israeli soldiers were injured, with some of the commandos suffering from gunshot wounds.

Following the 2010–2011 round of peace talks between Israel and the Palestinian Authority, 13 Palestinian militant movements led by Hamas initiated a terror campaign designed to derail and disrupt the negotiations. Attacks on Israelis increased after August 2010, when 4 Israeli civilians were killed by Hamas militants.Palestinian militants also increased the frequency of rocket attacks aimed at Israelis. On 2 August 2010, Hamas militants launched seven Katyusha rockets at Eilat and Aqaba, killing one Jordanian civilian and wounding 4 others.

Intermittent fighting continued since then, including 680 rocket attacks on Israel in 2011. On 14 November 2012, Israel killed Ahmed Jabari, a leader of Hamas's military wing, launching Operation Pillar of Cloud. Hamas and Israel agreed to an Egyptian-mediated ceasefire on 21 November.

The Palestinian Centre for Human Rights said that 158 Palestinians were killed during the operation, of which: 102 were civilians, 55 were militants and one was a policeman; 30 were children and 13 were women. B'Tselem stated that according to its initial findings, which covered only the period between 14 and 19 November 102 Palestinians were killed in the Gaza Strip, 40 of them civilians. According to Israeli figures, 120 combatants and 57 civilians were killed. International outcry ensued, with many criticizing Israel for what much of the international community perceived as a disproportionately violent response. However, the governments of the United States, United Kingdom, Canada, Germany, France, Australia, Belgium, Bulgaria, Czech Republic and Netherlands expressed support for Israel's right to defend itself, and/or condemned the Hamas rocket attacks on Israel.

Following an escalation of rocket attacks by Hamas, Israel started an operation in the Gaza Strip on 8 July 2014. In May 2021, another round of fighting took place in Gaza, lasting eleven days.

### Supplementary Text ###
Campagnes antiterroristes menées par d'autres puissances

Depuis des décennies, Israël, un allié clé des États-Unis au Moyen-Orient, mène sa propre guerre contre le terrorisme ciblant le Hamas, le Hezbollah et d'autres groupes insurgés soutenus par l'Iran. Bien qu'Israël n'ait pas directement participé à l'invasion de l'Irak en 2003, il aurait exhorté les États-Unis à ne pas retarder une attaque contre Saddam Hussein. Avant l'invasion de l'Irak menée par les États-Unis en 2003, le renseignement israélien aurait fourni des informations à Washington. Israël a lancé un conflit militaire de 34 jours contre le Hezbollah au Liban, dans le nord d'Israël et sur les hauteurs du Golan à la mi-2006. À la suite de l'attaque du 7 octobre, Israël a déclaré la guerre Israël-Hamas toujours en cours, entraînant une invasion terrestre le 27 octobre, avec pour objectifs déclarés la destruction du Hamas et la libération d'otages.

La Colombie a également mené sa propre guerre contre le terrorisme, le terrorisme perpétré à la fois par les guérilleros et les paramilitaires restant une préoccupation majeure dans le pays depuis l'escalade de la violence armée dans les années 2000, dans le contexte du conflit colombien. La présidence d'Álvaro Uribe a été marquée en particulier par un accent important sur la lutte contre le terrorisme et la contre-insurrection. Les mesures antiterroristes du Plan Colombie ont connu une expansion accrue pendant la présidence de George W. Bush et un accent important sur la sécurité nationale après les événements du 11 septembre, alors que la menace du terrorisme mondial recevait une plus grande attention.

Dans les années 2010, la Chine a également mené sa propre guerre contre le terrorisme, principalement une campagne intérieure en réponse aux actions violentes des mouvements séparatistes ouïghours dans le conflit du Xinjiang. Cette campagne a été largement critiquée dans les médias internationaux en raison de la perception qu'elle cible et persécute de manière injuste les musulmans chinois, ce qui pourrait entraîner une réaction négative de la part de la population ouïghoure musulmane majoritaire de la Chine. Le gouvernement de Xi Jinping a emprisonné jusqu'à deux millions d'Ouïghours et d'autres minorités ethniques musulmanes dans des camps de rééducation au Xinjiang, où ils seraient soumis à des abus et à de la torture.

La Russie a également mené sa propre campagne antiterroriste, largement axée sur l'intérieur, souvent qualifiée de guerre contre le terrorisme, pendant la deuxième guerre de Tchétchénie, l'insurrection dans le Caucase du Nord et l'intervention militaire russe dans la guerre civile syrienne. Comme la guerre contre le terrorisme de la Chine, la Russie s'est également concentrée sur les mouvements séparatistes et islamistes qui recourent à la violence politique pour atteindre leurs objectifs. Cependant, la désinformation et les actions de la Russie de Poutine, ainsi que son inaction envers des groupes comme le Hamas, le Hezbollah et les Talibans, ont soulevé des doutes quant à son engagement dans la guerre contre le terrorisme.

### Draft ###

### 1. Query Parsing & Scope Definition

"différences entre les guerres que l'Israël a eu avec le Hamas et celles avec le Hezbollah"

Key semantic elements:
- "guerres" → implies multiple conflicts, not single incidents
- temporal scope: post-1980s regional conflicts
- comparative analysis required
- "Hamas et Hezbollah" → grouping suggests similarities exist

? Translation nuance: "conflits" vs "guerres" → potentially understating conflict intensity

### 2. Information Architecture

Core domains needed:
├─ Israeli military doctrine/strategy
├─ Regional geopolitics: Lebanon vs Gaza
├─ Adversary capabilities/tactics  
└─ Temporal patterns: 2000s escalation period

Key conflict periods:
● 2006 Lebanon War (Hezbollah)
● 2008-2024 Gaza Operations (Hamas)
◐ 2014 Gaza War, 2021, 2024
○ Earlier skirmishes (incomplete data)

### 3. Adversary Differentiation

**Hamas (Gaza):**
- Rocket warfare specialists
- Urban guerrilla tactics
- Tunnel infrastructure
- 2007+ governance control
- Palestinian population integration

**Hezbollah (Lebanon):**
- Precision missile arsenal
- Anti-aircraft capabilities  
- Cross-border raid doctrine
- 2006 Iran-backed military buildup
- Lebanese civilian integration

→ Strategic implications: different containment approaches needed

### 4. Conflict Pattern Analysis

⟨H≈0.8⟩ 
Pattern recognition: Israel responds differently based on threat profile. Gaza conflicts → humanitarian pressure points, international isolation, economic siege. Lebanon conflicts → preemptive strikes, deterrence through destruction, regional containment. Hezbollah's state-like military structure demands different response calculus than Hamas's governance-resistance hybrid...

⟨H≈1.2⟩
The temporal sequencing reveals escalation cycles... 2006 Lebanon War follows Shalit abduction → 2007-2008 Gaza blockade → 2008-2009 Operation Cast Lead → 2011 Gaza escalation → 2014 Gaza War... pattern: captivity incidents trigger escalation, blockade responses, humanitarian crises, international pressure cycles...

### 5. Tactical Differentiation

**Gaza Operations:**
- Air campaigns: precision targeting vs area bombing
- Ground incursions: urban warfare vs open terrain  
- Objectives: leadership decapitation vs regime change
- Duration: weeks-months vs days-weeks

**Lebanon Conflicts:**
- Rapid escalation: 2006 attack → immediate response
- Destruction focus: infrastructure, military sites
- Ceasefire negotiation patterns
- Regional escalation prevention

! Key insight: Geographic constraints shape tactical approaches

### 6. International Response Patterns

⟨H≈0.6⟩
UN Security Council dynamics differ... Lebanon conflicts → broader international legitimacy, condemnation of civilian casualties, immediate ceasefire demands. Gaza conflicts → US veto protection, humanitarian concern focus, regional destabilization narratives...

**Diplomatic outcomes:**
- Lebanon: UNIFIL deployment, buffer zones, prisoner exchanges
- Gaza: Blockade continuation, humanitarian aid pauses, escalation cycles

### 7. Synthesis & Verification

☑ Adversary capability differences confirmed
☑ Conflict escalation patterns identified  
☑ International response variations mapped
☐ Quantitative casualty data cross-checked *
⚠ Potential bias: Israeli perspective overrepresentation

**Conclusion framework:**
1. Adversarial differences → tactical differentiation
2. Geographic constraints → operational variations  
3. International pressures → diplomatic divergence
4. Temporal patterns → escalation cycle analysis

∴ The comparative analysis reveals how Israeli military responses adapt to adversary capabilities, geographic constraints, and international pressures, creating distinct conflict patterns between urban-based Palestinian resistance and state-proxy Hezbollah operations.

*NB: Casualty figures require verification across sources, temporal scope may need adjustment based on query intent.

### Answer###
Les conflits israéliens avec le Hamas et le Hezbollah présentent des différences notables dans leur nature et leur déroulement.

Contrairement au Hezbollah, le Hamas a principalement mené une guerre de roquettes et d'attaques sporadiques. Israël a répondu par des opérations militaires ciblées, des blocages et des restrictions économiques, culminant dans des campagnes militaires de plusieurs semaines en 2008-2009, 2014, 2021 et 2024. Ces conflits se caractérisent par des échanges de tirs de roquettes et des opérations terrestres israéliennes limitées.

Le conflit avec le Hezbollah s'est distingué par son intensité et sa brièveté. La guerre de 2006 au Liban a été déclenchée par l'enlèvement de soldats israéliens et s'est déroulée sur plusieurs semaines, causant des destructions considérables des deux côtés. Cette confrontation a impliqué des combats conventionnels et des destructions d'infrastructures civiles à grande échelle.

Les deux groupes diffèrent également dans leur mode opératoire : le Hamas s'appuie sur des attaques de tunnels, des roquettes et des attentats sporadiques, tandis que le Hezbollah a démontré une capacité à mener des opérations transfrontalières sophistiquées et à utiliser un arsenal de missiles plus élaboré.

Les réponses israéliennes ont évolué : une stratégie de blocage économique prolongée contre le Hamas et des réponses militaires proportionnées, contrastant avec l'approche plus intensive lors du conflit libanais de 2006.