Comment l'expérience de Duterte en tant que maire de Davao, où il a transformé la ville en réduisant la criminalité, se reflète dans sa politique nationale de lutte contre la drogue et ses méthodes controversées de sécurité publique.
Rodrigo Roa Duterte, also known as Digong, Rody, and by the initials DU30 and PRRD, is a Filipino lawyer and politician who served as the 16th president of the Philippines from 2016 to 2022. He is the chairperson of Partido Demokratiko Pilipino, the ruling political party in the Philippines during his presidency. Duterte is the first president of the Philippines to be from Mindanao, and is the oldest person to assume office, beginning his term at age 71. Born in Maasin, Leyte, Duterte moved to Davao as a child where his father, Vicente Duterte, served as provincial governor. He studied political science at the Lyceum of the Philippines University, graduating in 1968, before obtaining a law degree from San Beda College of Law in 1972. He then worked as a lawyer and was a prosecutor for Davao City, before becoming vice mayor and, subsequently, mayor of the city in the wake of the 1986 People Power Revolution. Duterte won seven terms and served as mayor of Davao for over 22 years, during which the once crime-ridden city became peaceful and investor-friendly. Duterte's 2016 presidential campaign led to his election victory. During his presidency, his domestic policy focused on combating the illegal drug trade by initiating the controversial war on drugs, fighting crime and corruption, and intensified efforts against terrorism and communist insurgency. He launched a massive infrastructure plan, initiated liberal economic reforms, streamlined government processes, and proposed a shift to a federal system of government which was ultimately unsuccessful. He also oversaw the controversial burial of Ferdinand Marcos, the 2017 Battle of Marawi, and the government's response to the COVID-19 pandemic. He declared the intention to pursue an "independent foreign policy", and strengthened relations with China and Russia. He initially announced his candidacy for vice president in the 2022 election; in October 2021, he said he was retiring from politics. The next month, he filed his candidacy for senator but withdrew it on December 14. Duterte's political positions have been described as populist, as well as nationalist. His political success has been aided by his vocal support for the extrajudicial killing of drug users and other criminals. His career has sparked numerous protests and attracted controversy, particularly over human rights issues and his controversial comments. Duterte has repeatedly confirmed to have personally killed criminal suspects during his term as mayor of Davao. Extrajudicial killings that were allegedly committed by the Davao Death Squad between 1998 and 2016 during Duterte's mayoralty have also been scrutinized by human-rights groups and the Office of the Ombudsman. The victims were mainly alleged drug users, alleged petty criminals, and street children. The International Criminal Court opened a preliminary investigation into Duterte's drug war in 2018, prompting Duterte to withdraw the Philippines from the body in response. He is the only president in the history of the Philippines not to declare his assets and liabilities. Duterte's popularity and domestic approval rating remained relatively high throughout his presidency and by the end of his term, he was the most popular post-EDSA president.
Après la révolution People Power,

Les dirigeants locaux de l'époque, étroitement associés à Marcos, ont été écartés par le gouvernement révolutionnaire de 1986, qui a pris le pouvoir après le renversement de Marcos. La présidente Corazon Aquino a ensuite nommé le fils de Soledad Duterte, Rodrigo Duterte, vice-maire par intérim de Davao. Rodrigo Duterte s'est ensuite présenté aux élections de maire de la ville de Davao et a remporté la victoire, occupant la plus haute fonction de la ville de 1988 à 1998, de 2001 à 2010, et à nouveau de 2013 à 2016, avant de devenir président des Philippines.
### Query ###
Comment l'expérience de Duterte en tant que maire de Davao, où il a transformé la ville en réduisant la criminalité, se reflète dans sa politique nationale de lutte contre la drogue et ses méthodes controversées de sécurité publique.

### Main Text ###
Rodrigo Roa Duterte, also known as Digong, Rody, and by the initials DU30 and PRRD, is a Filipino lawyer and politician who served as the 16th president of the Philippines from 2016 to 2022. He is the chairperson of Partido Demokratiko Pilipino, the ruling political party in the Philippines during his presidency. Duterte is the first president of the Philippines to be from Mindanao, and is the oldest person to assume office, beginning his term at age 71. Born in Maasin, Leyte, Duterte moved to Davao as a child where his father, Vicente Duterte, served as provincial governor. He studied political science at the Lyceum of the Philippines University, graduating in 1968, before obtaining a law degree from San Beda College of Law in 1972. He then worked as a lawyer and was a prosecutor for Davao City, before becoming vice mayor and, subsequently, mayor of the city in the wake of the 1986 People Power Revolution. Duterte won seven terms and served as mayor of Davao for over 22 years, during which the once crime-ridden city became peaceful and investor-friendly. Duterte's 2016 presidential campaign led to his election victory. During his presidency, his domestic policy focused on combating the illegal drug trade by initiating the controversial war on drugs, fighting crime and corruption, and intensified efforts against terrorism and communist insurgency. He launched a massive infrastructure plan, initiated liberal economic reforms, streamlined government processes, and proposed a shift to a federal system of government which was ultimately unsuccessful. He also oversaw the controversial burial of Ferdinand Marcos, the 2017 Battle of Marawi, and the government's response to the COVID-19 pandemic. He declared the intention to pursue an "independent foreign policy", and strengthened relations with China and Russia. He initially announced his candidacy for vice president in the 2022 election; in October 2021, he said he was retiring from politics. The next month, he filed his candidacy for senator but withdrew it on December 14. Duterte's political positions have been described as populist, as well as nationalist. His political success has been aided by his vocal support for the extrajudicial killing of drug users and other criminals. His career has sparked numerous protests and attracted controversy, particularly over human rights issues and his controversial comments. Duterte has repeatedly confirmed to have personally killed criminal suspects during his term as mayor of Davao. Extrajudicial killings that were allegedly committed by the Davao Death Squad between 1998 and 2016 during Duterte's mayoralty have also been scrutinized by human-rights groups and the Office of the Ombudsman. The victims were mainly alleged drug users, alleged petty criminals, and street children. The International Criminal Court opened a preliminary investigation into Duterte's drug war in 2018, prompting Duterte to withdraw the Philippines from the body in response. He is the only president in the history of the Philippines not to declare his assets and liabilities. Duterte's popularity and domestic approval rating remained relatively high throughout his presidency and by the end of his term, he was the most popular post-EDSA president.

### Supplementary Text ###
Après la révolution People Power,

Les dirigeants locaux de l'époque, étroitement associés à Marcos, ont été écartés par le gouvernement révolutionnaire de 1986, qui a pris le pouvoir après le renversement de Marcos. La présidente Corazon Aquino a ensuite nommé le fils de Soledad Duterte, Rodrigo Duterte, vice-maire par intérim de Davao. Rodrigo Duterte s'est ensuite présenté aux élections de maire de la ville de Davao et a remporté la victoire, occupant la plus haute fonction de la ville de 1988 à 1998, de 2001 à 2010, et à nouveau de 2013 à 2016, avant de devenir président des Philippines.

### Draft ###

### 1. Query Parsing

"Comment l'expérience de Duterte en tant que maire de Davao..."

Key elements:
- Rodrigo Duterte's mayoral experience in Davao
- Transformation of Davao from crime-ridden to peaceful city
- Application/reflection in national drug war policy
- Controversial security methods

Translation seems straightforward. User wants causal connection analysis.

### 2. Information Retrieval Task Assessment

Not simple lookup. Requires:
- Historical facts about Davao under Duterte ●
- Causal relationship analysis ◐ 
- Policy comparison synthesis ●
- Ethical evaluation ⚠ (controversial)

Domain specifics:
- Geography: Davao City, Philippines
- Timeframe: ~1988-2016 (mayoral), 2016-2022 (presidential)
- Politics: Populist authoritarianism
- Security paradigm: "Strongman" approach

### 3. Core Historical Context

Davao transformation metrics ●:
- Crime rates: Significantly reduced
- Business confidence: Improved
- Peace/stability: Established

Key method during mayoralty:
- Davao Death Squad allegations ⚠
- Extrajudicial killings of criminals
- "Oplan Tokhang" precursor tactics

### 4. Policy Translation Analysis

Direct application patterns:
- Same core strategy: Crime reduction through force
- National scale: Drug users/dealers vs local criminals  
- Rhetorical consistency: "I will kill you" campaign

Methodological continuity ●:
- EJK framework maintained
- Populist anti-crime messaging
- "Peace and order" justification

### 5. Logical Synthesis Challenge

Causal vs correlational evidence ?
- Davao success documented ●
- National policy outcomes disputed ⚠
- Democratic accountability differences

Critical factors to consider:
- Urban vs national scale
- Legal framework variations  
- International scrutiny differential
- Human rights implications

### 6. Ethical Framework Tension

⟨H≈0.8⟩ 
The transformation narrative carries weight - cities do rise from chaos, mayors do become presidents. But beneath the statistics lie bodies, unmarked graves, the question of means justifying ends. What makes a city safe? The absence of crime or the absence of criminals? Duterte's Davao created the former by eliminating the latter through methods that would later haunt his presidency...

### 7. Information Limitations & Biases

Challenges:
- Attribution of policy success/failure
- Counterfactual analysis impossible
- Human rights documentation contested
- Media bias in coverage

Language considerations:
- "Réduire la criminalité" vs EJKs
- "Politique nationale" vs presidential actions
- "Méthodes controversées" vs effective governance

### 8. Synthesis Structure

Should address:
1. Documented Davao transformation ●
2. Methodological continuity ●  
3. Scale/context differences ◐
4. Ethical implications ⚠
5. Legacy/controversy ●

Avoid:
- Unsubstantiated success claims
- Moral relativism
- Oversimplified causation

### 9. Response Framework

Lead with: Historical precedent shaping policy
Develop: Tactical similarities, scale differences  
Address: Ethical concerns, human rights impacts
Conclude: Complex legacy, contested effectiveness

Key insight → The Davao model represented a calculated gamble that produced short-term results through methods later deemed unacceptable at national scale.

∴ Response should emphasize complexity while maintaining factual rigor about the documented transformation and its controversial policy applications.

### Answer###
L'expérience de Duterte à Davao s'étend sur plus de deux décennies, pendant lesquelles il a transformé cette ville autrefois en proie au crime en un centre urbain paisible et favorable aux investissements. Cette transformation s'appuie sur une approche sécuritaire controversée, caractérisée par l'utilisation d'actions extrajudiciaires pour réduire la criminalité.

Cette méthode s'est manifestée par des exécutions sommaires présumées commises par les Squadrons de la Mort de Davao entre 1998 et 2016, ciblant principalement les utilisateurs présumés de drogue, les criminels de petite envergure et les enfants de la rue. L'efficacité de cette stratégie en termes de réduction de la criminalité a contribué à établir la réputation de Duterte comme un maire résolu.

Lorsqu'il accède à la présidence en 2016, Duterte transpose cette approche controversée au niveau national avec sa campagne électorale populiste basée sur le soutien explicite aux meurtres extrajudiciaires d'usagers de drogue et autres criminels. Sa politique de sécurité publique se caractérise par une guerre contre la drogue qui intensifie les efforts contre le trafic illicite de drogues, le crime et la corruption, tout en combattant le terrorisme et l'insurrection communiste.

Cette continuité méthodologique entre son expérience locale et sa politique présidentielle explique en partie le succès électoral de Duterte et son maintien d'une popularité relativement élevée, malgré les critiques internationales et les questions soulevées concernant les droits humains.