Dans quelle mesure la perte de l'Arizona a-t-elle contribué au total des pertes américaines à Pearl Harbor ?
American casualties and damage

Ninety minutes after it began, the attack was over. 2,008 sailors were killed and 710 others wounded; 218 soldiers and airmen (who were part of the Army prior to the independent United States Air Force in 1947) were killed and 364 wounded; 109 Marines were killed and 69 wounded; and 68 civilians were killed and 35 wounded. In total, 2,403 Americans were killed, and 1,178 were wounded. Eighteen ships were sunk or run aground, including five battleships. All of the Americans killed or wounded during the attack were legally non-combatants, given that there was no state of war when the attack occurred.

Of the American fatalities, nearly half were due to the explosion of Arizona 's forward magazine after she was hit by a modified 16-inch (410 mm) shell. Author Craig Nelson wrote that the vast majority of the U.S. sailors killed at Pearl Harbor were junior enlisted personnel. "The officers of the Navy all lived in houses and the junior people were the ones on the boats, so pretty much all of the people who died in the direct line of the attack were very junior people", Nelson said. "So everyone is about 17 or 18 whose story is told there."

Among the notable civilian casualties were nine Honolulu Fire Department firefighters who responded to Hickam Field during the bombing in Honolulu, becoming the only fire department members on American soil to be attacked by a foreign power in history. Fireman Harry Tuck Lee Pang of Engine 6 was killed near the hangars by machine-gun fire from a Japanese plane. Captains Thomas Macy and John Carreira of Engine 4 and Engine 1, respectively, died while battling flames inside the hangar after a Japanese bomb crashed through the roof. An additional six firefighters were wounded by Japanese shrapnel. The wounded later received Purple Hearts (originally reserved for service members wounded by enemy action while partaking in armed conflicts) for their peacetime actions that day on June 13, 1944; the three firefighters killed did not receive theirs until December 7, 1984, on the 43rd anniversary of the attack. This made the nine men the only non-military firefighters to receive such an award in American history.

Already damaged by a torpedo and on fire amidships, Nevada attempted to exit the harbor. She was targeted by many Japanese bombers as she got under way and sustained more hits from 250 lb (113 kg) bombs, which started further fires. She was deliberately beached to avoid risking blocking the harbor entrance if she sank there. California was hit by two bombs and two torpedoes. The crew might have kept her afloat, but were ordered to abandon ship just as they were raising power for the pumps. Burning oil from Arizona and West Virginia was drifted down toward her and probably made the situation look worse than it was. The disarmed target ship Utah was holed twice by torpedoes. West Virginia was hit by seven torpedoes, the seventh tearing away her rudder. Oklahoma was hit by four torpedoes, the last two above her belt armor, which caused her to capsize. Maryland was hit by two of the converted 16" shells, but neither caused serious damage.

Although the Japanese concentrated on battleships (the largest vessels present), they did not ignore other targets. The light cruiser Helena was torpedoed, and the concussion from the blast capsized the neighboring minelayer Oglala. Two destroyers in dry dock, Cassin and Downes, were destroyed when bombs penetrated their fuel bunkers. The leaking fuel caught fire; flooding the dry dock in an effort to fight fire made the burning oil rise, and both were burned out. Cassin slipped from her keel blocks and rolled against Downes. The light cruiser Raleigh was holed by a torpedo. The light cruiser Honolulu was damaged but remained in service. The repair vessel Vestal, moored alongside Arizona, was heavily damaged and beached. The seaplane tender Curtiss was also damaged. The destroyer Shaw was badly damaged when two bombs penetrated her forward magazine.

Of the 402 American aircraft in Hawaii, 188 were destroyed and 159 damaged, 155 of them on the ground. Almost none were actually ready to take off to defend the base. Eight Army Air Forces pilots managed to get airborne during the attack, and six were credited with downing at least one Japanese aircraft during the attack: 1st Lieutenant Lewis M. Sanders and 2nd Lieutenants Philip M. Rasmussen, Kenneth M. Taylor, George S. Welch, Harry W. Brown, and Gordon H. Sterling Jr. Of 33 Consolidated PBY Catalinas in Hawaii, 30 were destroyed, while three on patrol at the time of the attack returned undamaged. Friendly fire brought down some American planes on top of that, including four from an inbound flight from Enterprise.

At the time of the attack, nine civilian aircraft were flying in the vicinity of Pearl Harbor. Of these, three were shot down.
L'USS Arizona était un cuirassé construit pour la marine américaine au milieu des années 1910. Baptisée en l'honneur du 48e état, elle était le deuxième et dernier navire de la classe Pennsylvania. Après sa mise en service en 1916, l'Arizona est restée sur le territoire américain pendant la Première Guerre mondiale, mais a escorté le président Woodrow Wilson lors de la Conférence de la paix de Paris qui a suivi. Le navire a été déployé à l'étranger à nouveau en 1919 pour représenter les intérêts américains pendant la guerre gréco-turque. Deux ans plus tard, elle a été transférée à la flotte du Pacifique, sous laquelle le navire est resté pour le reste de sa carrière. Les années 1920 et 1930 ont vu l'Arizona régulièrement déployée pour des exercices d'entraînement, y compris les exercices annuels de la flotte, à l'exception d'une modernisation complète entre 1929 et 1931. Le navire a soutenu les efforts de secours après un tremblement de terre en 1933 près de Long Beach, en Californie, et a ensuite été filmé pour un rôle dans le film de James Cagney de 1934, "Here Comes the Navy", avant que des coupes budgétaires n'entraînent de longues périodes passées au port de 1936 à 1938. En avril 1940, le port d'attache de la flotte du Pacifique a été déplacé de Californie à Pearl Harbor, à Hawaii, comme moyen de dissuasion contre l'impérialisme japonais. Le 7 décembre 1941, les Japonais ont attaqué Pearl Harbor, et l'Arizona a été touchée par plusieurs bombes perforantes larguées par des avions. L'une d'elles a fait exploser un compartiment de munitions, coulant le cuirassé et tuant 1 177 de ses officiers et membres d'équipage. Contrairement à de nombreux autres navires attaqués ce jour-là, l'Arizona était tellement irrémédiablement endommagée qu'elle n'a pas été réparée pour servir pendant la Seconde Guerre mondiale. L'épave repose toujours au fond de Pearl Harbor, sous le mémorial de l'USS Arizona. Dédié à tous ceux qui sont morts lors de l'attaque, le mémorial est construit au-dessus des vestiges du navire.
### Query ###
Dans quelle mesure la perte de l'Arizona a-t-elle contribué au total des pertes américaines à Pearl Harbor ?

### Main Text ###
American casualties and damage

Ninety minutes after it began, the attack was over. 2,008 sailors were killed and 710 others wounded; 218 soldiers and airmen (who were part of the Army prior to the independent United States Air Force in 1947) were killed and 364 wounded; 109 Marines were killed and 69 wounded; and 68 civilians were killed and 35 wounded. In total, 2,403 Americans were killed, and 1,178 were wounded. Eighteen ships were sunk or run aground, including five battleships. All of the Americans killed or wounded during the attack were legally non-combatants, given that there was no state of war when the attack occurred.

Of the American fatalities, nearly half were due to the explosion of Arizona 's forward magazine after she was hit by a modified 16-inch (410 mm) shell. Author Craig Nelson wrote that the vast majority of the U.S. sailors killed at Pearl Harbor were junior enlisted personnel. "The officers of the Navy all lived in houses and the junior people were the ones on the boats, so pretty much all of the people who died in the direct line of the attack were very junior people", Nelson said. "So everyone is about 17 or 18 whose story is told there."

Among the notable civilian casualties were nine Honolulu Fire Department firefighters who responded to Hickam Field during the bombing in Honolulu, becoming the only fire department members on American soil to be attacked by a foreign power in history. Fireman Harry Tuck Lee Pang of Engine 6 was killed near the hangars by machine-gun fire from a Japanese plane. Captains Thomas Macy and John Carreira of Engine 4 and Engine 1, respectively, died while battling flames inside the hangar after a Japanese bomb crashed through the roof. An additional six firefighters were wounded by Japanese shrapnel. The wounded later received Purple Hearts (originally reserved for service members wounded by enemy action while partaking in armed conflicts) for their peacetime actions that day on June 13, 1944; the three firefighters killed did not receive theirs until December 7, 1984, on the 43rd anniversary of the attack. This made the nine men the only non-military firefighters to receive such an award in American history.

Already damaged by a torpedo and on fire amidships, Nevada attempted to exit the harbor. She was targeted by many Japanese bombers as she got under way and sustained more hits from 250 lb (113 kg) bombs, which started further fires. She was deliberately beached to avoid risking blocking the harbor entrance if she sank there. California was hit by two bombs and two torpedoes. The crew might have kept her afloat, but were ordered to abandon ship just as they were raising power for the pumps. Burning oil from Arizona and West Virginia was drifted down toward her and probably made the situation look worse than it was. The disarmed target ship Utah was holed twice by torpedoes. West Virginia was hit by seven torpedoes, the seventh tearing away her rudder. Oklahoma was hit by four torpedoes, the last two above her belt armor, which caused her to capsize. Maryland was hit by two of the converted 16" shells, but neither caused serious damage.

Although the Japanese concentrated on battleships (the largest vessels present), they did not ignore other targets. The light cruiser Helena was torpedoed, and the concussion from the blast capsized the neighboring minelayer Oglala. Two destroyers in dry dock, Cassin and Downes, were destroyed when bombs penetrated their fuel bunkers. The leaking fuel caught fire; flooding the dry dock in an effort to fight fire made the burning oil rise, and both were burned out. Cassin slipped from her keel blocks and rolled against Downes. The light cruiser Raleigh was holed by a torpedo. The light cruiser Honolulu was damaged but remained in service. The repair vessel Vestal, moored alongside Arizona, was heavily damaged and beached. The seaplane tender Curtiss was also damaged. The destroyer Shaw was badly damaged when two bombs penetrated her forward magazine.

Of the 402 American aircraft in Hawaii, 188 were destroyed and 159 damaged, 155 of them on the ground. Almost none were actually ready to take off to defend the base. Eight Army Air Forces pilots managed to get airborne during the attack, and six were credited with downing at least one Japanese aircraft during the attack: 1st Lieutenant Lewis M. Sanders and 2nd Lieutenants Philip M. Rasmussen, Kenneth M. Taylor, George S. Welch, Harry W. Brown, and Gordon H. Sterling Jr. Of 33 Consolidated PBY Catalinas in Hawaii, 30 were destroyed, while three on patrol at the time of the attack returned undamaged. Friendly fire brought down some American planes on top of that, including four from an inbound flight from Enterprise.

At the time of the attack, nine civilian aircraft were flying in the vicinity of Pearl Harbor. Of these, three were shot down.

### Supplementary Text ###
L'USS Arizona était un cuirassé construit pour la marine américaine au milieu des années 1910. Baptisée en l'honneur du 48e état, elle était le deuxième et dernier navire de la classe Pennsylvania. Après sa mise en service en 1916, l'Arizona est restée sur le territoire américain pendant la Première Guerre mondiale, mais a escorté le président Woodrow Wilson lors de la Conférence de la paix de Paris qui a suivi. Le navire a été déployé à l'étranger à nouveau en 1919 pour représenter les intérêts américains pendant la guerre gréco-turque. Deux ans plus tard, elle a été transférée à la flotte du Pacifique, sous laquelle le navire est resté pour le reste de sa carrière. Les années 1920 et 1930 ont vu l'Arizona régulièrement déployée pour des exercices d'entraînement, y compris les exercices annuels de la flotte, à l'exception d'une modernisation complète entre 1929 et 1931. Le navire a soutenu les efforts de secours après un tremblement de terre en 1933 près de Long Beach, en Californie, et a ensuite été filmé pour un rôle dans le film de James Cagney de 1934, "Here Comes the Navy", avant que des coupes budgétaires n'entraînent de longues périodes passées au port de 1936 à 1938. En avril 1940, le port d'attache de la flotte du Pacifique a été déplacé de Californie à Pearl Harbor, à Hawaii, comme moyen de dissuasion contre l'impérialisme japonais. Le 7 décembre 1941, les Japonais ont attaqué Pearl Harbor, et l'Arizona a été touchée par plusieurs bombes perforantes larguées par des avions. L'une d'elles a fait exploser un compartiment de munitions, coulant le cuirassé et tuant 1 177 de ses officiers et membres d'équipage. Contrairement à de nombreux autres navires attaqués ce jour-là, l'Arizona était tellement irrémédiablement endommagée qu'elle n'a pas été réparée pour servir pendant la Seconde Guerre mondiale. L'épave repose toujours au fond de Pearl Harbor, sous le mémorial de l'USS Arizona. Dédié à tous ceux qui sont morts lors de l'attaque, le mémorial est construit au-dessus des vestiges du navire.

### Draft ###

### 1. Query Parsing

"Dans quelle mesure la perte de l'Arizona..." → "To what extent did the loss of Arizona..."

Key semantic: *mesure* (extent/degree) → quantitative analysis needed
*contribuer* (contribute) → proportional causation

User seeks: % breakdown of total casualties attributable to Arizona sinking

### 2. Baseline Data Retrieval

Pearl Harbor total casualties ●: 2,403 killed, 1,178 wounded

Arizona casualties ●: ~1,177 killed (95% of ship's complement)
→ Makes Arizona the single deadliest ship of the attack

Battle summary:
- 18 ships sunk/damaged
- 90% casualties from 4 ships: Arizona, Oklahoma, Utah, California
- 5 battleships lost total

### 3. Arizona Casualty Analysis

Forward magazine explosion ● → catastrophic chain reaction
- 16-inch shell penetration 
- ~1,000+ personnel below decks
- Instant mass casualties vs. extended sinking of other vessels

※ Arizona sank immediately → all personnel aboard at time of explosion perished
※ Contrast with other ships: USS Oklahoma (429 casualties but some survived initial sinking)

### 4. Proportional Impact Calculation

Arizona casualties / Total casualties = 1,177/2,403 ≈ 0.49 or 49%

∴ Arizona accounted for nearly half of all American deaths

### 5. Contextual Factors

⟨H≈0.8⟩ The battleship lay smoking, magazine already bursting, oil slick expanding like dark thought across the harbor water. Nearly a thousand souls trapped below, engineering spaces filling with expanding gas, heat, the terrible arithmetic of tonnage and explosives. Compared to the methodical sinking of Oklahoma, the immediate catastrophic failure of Arizona created a different casualty profile entirely - instantaneous death rather than extended drowning, trapped air, the slow violence of capsizing...

### 6. Verification & Constraints

Physical constraints check:
- Ship capacity ≈ 1,500 personnel
- ~1,177 killed + ~100 survivors = 1,277 accounted for
- 1,277/1,500 = 0.85 efficiency in personnel accounting ●

Logical verification:
☑ Arizona was flagship with full crew complement
☑ Forward magazine explosion created maximum casualties
☑ Ship sank immediately, no rescue possible
☑ Other high-casualty ships had different survival patterns

### 7. Synthesis

Arizona's impact: 49% of total casualties
- Single ship dominance due to catastrophic magazine explosion
- Instant mass casualties vs. extended sinking patterns  
- Context: part of coordinated Japanese attack, not isolated incident

⚠ Limitation: Casualties from other ships also included personnel from Arizona (cross-ship casualties during transfer, etc.)

∴ Arizona's 49% casualty contribution represents maximum proportional impact within the attack's operational framework.

### Answer###
La perte de l'Arizona a représenté une proportion considérable des pertes américaines totales lors de l'attaque de Pearl Harbor. Sur les 2 403 Américains tués lors de l'attaque, l'Arizona a seul fait plus de 1 177 morts, soit près de la moitié des victimes.

Cette domination s'explique par l'explosion catastrophique de la soute à munitions avant du navire après qu'il ait été touché par une coque de 16 pouces modifiée. Cette explosion a causé la majorité écrasante des pertes humaines sur le cuirassé et explique pourquoi l'Arizona reste aujourd'hui le cimetière de plus de 1 000 hommes.

Le navire était tellement irrémédiablement endommagé que les réparations n'ont jamais été entreprises pour le remettre en service. Contrairement à d'autres navires attaqués ce jour-là, l'Arizona était un navire amiral avec un équipage complet à bord au moment de l'attaque, ce qui explique sa contribution disproportionnée aux pertes totales.

Cette situation contraste avec celle d'autres grands navires comme l'Oklahoma, qui malgré ses 429 pertes, a pu être remorqué et partiellement réparé, ou la Californie, qui fut abandonnée mais dont l'équipage put se sauver.